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Avskiljning och geologisk lagring av koldioxid (CCS) i Sverige – en rättslig studie i ljuset av den stundande klimatkrisen

Carnbrand Håkansson, Nicki LU (2019) JURM02 20192
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Avskiljning, transport och lagring av koldioxid (CCS) är en intressant teknologi med förmågan att minska klimatpåverkande utsläpp inom industrisektorn. Denna teknik framhävs regelbundet på både internationell och nationell nivå som ett nyckelbidrag i kampen mot klimatförändringarna, bland annat förespråkas CCS-teknikens nödvändighet av både EU och IPCC. Användningen av CCS har även uppmärksammats av svenska myndigheter som hävdar att CCS-tekniken kan hjälpa Sverige att uppnå de bindande utsläppsmål som stipuleras i Parisavtalet och andra internationella åtaganden.
Genom CCS-direktivet har Sverige erhållit riktlinjer för hur en fortsatt implementering av en storskalig CCS-kedja ska genomföras. Idag klassificeras nästan alla delar av... (More)
Avskiljning, transport och lagring av koldioxid (CCS) är en intressant teknologi med förmågan att minska klimatpåverkande utsläpp inom industrisektorn. Denna teknik framhävs regelbundet på både internationell och nationell nivå som ett nyckelbidrag i kampen mot klimatförändringarna, bland annat förespråkas CCS-teknikens nödvändighet av både EU och IPCC. Användningen av CCS har även uppmärksammats av svenska myndigheter som hävdar att CCS-tekniken kan hjälpa Sverige att uppnå de bindande utsläppsmål som stipuleras i Parisavtalet och andra internationella åtaganden.
Genom CCS-direktivet har Sverige erhållit riktlinjer för hur en fortsatt implementering av en storskalig CCS-kedja ska genomföras. Idag klassificeras nästan alla delar av CCS-kedjan som miljöfarlig verksamhet och har därför inkorporerats i den detaljerade miljöbalken med tillhörande författningar. Likväl är lagtexten otroligt omfattande och svårbegriplig för gemene man. Vid en första anblick tycks CCS-direktivet vara implementerat till perfektion och fullt genomförbart. Så är inte fallet. Svensk lagstiftning, samt flertalet internationella konventioner, har kommit på efterkälken och ett flertal brister finns att finna. Trots att CCS-kedjan är fullt laglig att implementera i Sverige, står ett flertal juridiska hinder i vägen för dess fortsatta utveckling. I det fall att ett rättsproblem åtgärdas, återstår alltjämt ett annat. I dagens rättsläge kan Sverige inte lagra avskild koldioxid inom sin jurisdiktion, varken på land under markytan eller till havs under havsbotten. Sverige kan inte heller transportera avskild koldioxid med båt eller rörledning till ett annat land till följd av infrastrukturella tillkortakommanden och lagstiftningsmisstag.
För att åtgärda majoriteten av dessa problem krävs mellanstatliga beslut på EU-nivå. Samtidigt har dock Sverige makten att initiera och klargöra några juridiska problemområden på egen hand. Några första steg mot rättslig förtydligande har redan tagits i Sverige, men mer måste göras. Fort. Klimatkrisen kan inte vänta. (Less)
Abstract
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an interesting technology with the ability to reduce carbon dioxide emissions within the industry sector. It is constantly highlighted within the international community as a vital tool in the fight against climate change. Some of those who strongly advocate for the use of CCS include the EU and the IPCC. This technology has also been deemed useful by Swedish authorities as a way of achieving emission targets stipulated by the Paris Agreement and other binding policy objectives.
Through the CCS-directive, Sweden has been given guidelines for further implementation of large-scale CCS. Today it is classified as an environmentally hazardous activity and has been fitted into the detailed Swedish... (More)
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an interesting technology with the ability to reduce carbon dioxide emissions within the industry sector. It is constantly highlighted within the international community as a vital tool in the fight against climate change. Some of those who strongly advocate for the use of CCS include the EU and the IPCC. This technology has also been deemed useful by Swedish authorities as a way of achieving emission targets stipulated by the Paris Agreement and other binding policy objectives.
Through the CCS-directive, Sweden has been given guidelines for further implementation of large-scale CCS. Today it is classified as an environmentally hazardous activity and has been fitted into the detailed Swedish environmental code and its associated legal texts. But at the same time, the legislation is incredibly extensive and difficult for any other than an environmental lawyer to understand. Additionally, the CCS-directive seems to be perfectly implemented and feasible at a first glance. This is not the case. The Swedish legislation, as well as international conventions, has lagged behind and many flaws are to be found. Even though CCS is lawful according to Swedish legislation, several legal issues stands in the way for further deployment. In the event that one legal problem is addressed, another one remains. As the legal situation is today, Sweden can not store captured carbon dioxide within its own jurisdiction, neither on land beneath the surface nor at sea under the seabed. Nor can Sweden transport any captured carbon dioxide by ship or pipeline to another country due to infrastructural shortcomings and legislative mistakes.
In order to solve the majority of these problems, intergovernmental decisions must be taken at EU level. At the same time, however, Sweden has the power to initiate and clarify some legal problem areas on its own. Some first steps towards legal clarification have already been taken in Sweden, but more has to be done. Fast. The climate crisis can not wait. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Carnbrand Håkansson, Nicki LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) in Sweden - A legal study in light of the imminent climate crisis
course
JURM02 20192
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Miljörätt, Energirätt, EU-rätt, Sjörätt, Internationell rätt, CCS, Koldioxidlagring, Klimatet
language
Swedish
id
8999164
date added to LUP
2020-01-28 09:30:40
date last changed
2020-01-28 09:30:40
@misc{8999164,
  abstract     = {{Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an interesting technology with the ability to reduce carbon dioxide emissions within the industry sector. It is constantly highlighted within the international community as a vital tool in the fight against climate change. Some of those who strongly advocate for the use of CCS include the EU and the IPCC. This technology has also been deemed useful by Swedish authorities as a way of achieving emission targets stipulated by the Paris Agreement and other binding policy objectives.
	Through the CCS-directive, Sweden has been given guidelines for further implementation of large-scale CCS. Today it is classified as an environmentally hazardous activity and has been fitted into the detailed Swedish environmental code and its associated legal texts. But at the same time, the legislation is incredibly extensive and difficult for any other than an environmental lawyer to understand. Additionally, the CCS-directive seems to be perfectly implemented and feasible at a first glance. This is not the case. The Swedish legislation, as well as international conventions, has lagged behind and many flaws are to be found. Even though CCS is lawful according to Swedish legislation, several legal issues stands in the way for further deployment. In the event that one legal problem is addressed, another one remains. As the legal situation is today, Sweden can not store captured carbon dioxide within its own jurisdiction, neither on land beneath the surface nor at sea under the seabed. Nor can Sweden transport any captured carbon dioxide by ship or pipeline to another country due to infrastructural shortcomings and legislative mistakes. 
	In order to solve the majority of these problems, intergovernmental decisions must be taken at EU level. At the same time, however, Sweden has the power to initiate and clarify some legal problem areas on its own. Some first steps towards legal clarification have already been taken in Sweden, but more has to be done. Fast. The climate crisis can not wait.}},
  author       = {{Carnbrand Håkansson, Nicki}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Avskiljning och geologisk lagring av koldioxid (CCS) i Sverige – en rättslig studie i ljuset av den stundande klimatkrisen}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}