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EU data transfer requirements for an adequacy decision and the Vietnamese legal realities

Wilderoth, Sandra LU (2019) JURM02 20192
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
In an increasingly globalized world and after a decade of digital revolution, the protection of personal data has fallen in the limelight. Nowadays, data is exchanged over the internet daily for various purposes, including strictly private, commercial, as well as public, which has raised concerns on how these transfers of personal data may affect the right to data protection and the right to privacy.

In the EU context, there has been a tradition to protect personal data which dates back to 1995, when Data Protection Directive was adopted. Since then, the data protection within the EU has also been gradually strengthened, most prominently by the advent of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, giving the protection of... (More)
In an increasingly globalized world and after a decade of digital revolution, the protection of personal data has fallen in the limelight. Nowadays, data is exchanged over the internet daily for various purposes, including strictly private, commercial, as well as public, which has raised concerns on how these transfers of personal data may affect the right to data protection and the right to privacy.

In the EU context, there has been a tradition to protect personal data which dates back to 1995, when Data Protection Directive was adopted. Since then, the data protection within the EU has also been gradually strengthened, most prominently by the advent of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, giving the protection of personal data the formal status of a fundamental right. However, the same trend is not necessarily apparent in countries located outside the EU, or other international legal orders apart from the European Council. It can be asked how the EU should relate to countries that are believed to provide a lower level of protection of personal data than the level within the Union? Which countries are those, and is Vietnam among them? Should cooperation be excluded or initiated or perhaps maintained, depending on the merits of the case? Should the benefits of enhancing world trade outweigh the risk of potential data protection infringements?

During the past 20 years, Vietnam’s and EU’s trade relationship have become increasingly important. Nowadays, Vietnam is the second biggest trading partner with EU among the countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, a trend that does not seem to subside. In June 2019, EU and Vietnam signed a free trade agreement and an investment protection agreement and subject to the European Parliament’s approval, some hope they will enter into force within the immediate. While it can be expected that data transfers will increase between the parties, one can question, whether there are relevant mechanisms in place to facilitate data exchange and advance the cooperation. In the EU, the most important and comprehensive mechanism for data transfers a so-called adequacy decision. Yet, while Vietnam is ready to be a trade partner, it might not necessarily be ready for other things that come in parallel with it, as increased data flows.

In this paper, the EU requirements for transferring data to a third country will be examined, focusing on the avenue of an adequacy decision. In parallel, the data protection regime in Vietnam will be scrutinized and tested against the EU standards for adequacy. It will be argued that Vietnam does not meet the EU requirements for adequacy and that the current gap is rather wide, and it is likely to take more than just some amendments in the law to close the gap. Likewise, it will be argued that the EU adequacy requirements are not clear and straightforward, leaving uncertainties to Vietnam and the states in comparable position. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
I en allt mer globaliserad värld och efter den digitala revolutionen, har skyddet för personuppgifter hamnat i rampljuset. Numera, utbyts data över nätet dagligen för olika syften, såsom privata, kommersiella och allmänna, vilket har skapat en oro för hur dessa överföringar av personuppgifter kan påverka rätten till dataskydd och rätten till privatliv.

Inom EU har det funnits en tradition av att skydda personuppgifter sedan 1995, när dataskyddsdirektivet antogs. Därefter har dataskyddet inom EU förstärkts, tydligast genom tillkomsten av Europeiska Unionens Stadga om de Grundläggande rättigheterna, som formellt gav skyddet av personuppgifter status som en grundläggande rättighet. Samma trend är inte synlig i länder utanför EU eller i... (More)
I en allt mer globaliserad värld och efter den digitala revolutionen, har skyddet för personuppgifter hamnat i rampljuset. Numera, utbyts data över nätet dagligen för olika syften, såsom privata, kommersiella och allmänna, vilket har skapat en oro för hur dessa överföringar av personuppgifter kan påverka rätten till dataskydd och rätten till privatliv.

Inom EU har det funnits en tradition av att skydda personuppgifter sedan 1995, när dataskyddsdirektivet antogs. Därefter har dataskyddet inom EU förstärkts, tydligast genom tillkomsten av Europeiska Unionens Stadga om de Grundläggande rättigheterna, som formellt gav skyddet av personuppgifter status som en grundläggande rättighet. Samma trend är inte synlig i länder utanför EU eller i andra internationella rättsordningar, bortsett från Europarådet. Detta aktualiserar frågan om hur EU ska förhålla sig till länder som antas ha en lägre skyddsnivå för personuppgifter än den som krävs inom Unionen?

Under de senaste 20 åren har handelsrelationen mellan EU och Vietnam fått allt större betydelse. Numera är Vietnam den näst största handelspartnern med EU bland medlemsländerna i Association of Southeast Asian Nations. I juni 2019 undertecknade EU och Vietnam ett frihandelsavtal och ett investerings-skyddsavtal och förutsatt att Europeiska Parlamentet ger sitt godkännande finns förhoppningen om att avtalen ska träda ikraft inom kort. Medan dataöverföringar kan förväntas öka mellan parterna, kan det ifrågasättas om relevanta mekanismer finns på plats för att underlätta datautbytet och främja samarbetet.

Inom EU är den viktigaste och mest omfattande mekanismen för dataöverföringar ett så kallat beslut om adekvans. Hursomhelst, även om Vietnam är redo för att vara en handelspartner, är landet inte nödvändigtvis redo för saker som kommer parallellt med det, så som ökade dataflöden.

I denna uppsats kommer EU:s krav för att överföra data till ett tredje land att undersökas, med fokus på ett beslut om adekvans. Parallellt kommer regelverket för dataskydd i Vietnam att granskas och prövas gentemot EU:s standarder för adekvans. Det kommer att argumenteras för att Vietnam inte möter EU:s krav för adekvans, att den nuvarande klyftan är relativt stor och att det troligtvis kommer krävas mer än endast ett par lagändringar för att mötas EU:s krav. Författaren kommer också att visa att EU:s adekvanskrav varken är tydliga eller enkla, utan lämnar en osäkerhet kring vad som gäller för Vietnam och länder i liknande positioner. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Wilderoth, Sandra LU
supervisor
organization
course
JURM02 20192
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
EU law, comparative law, data protection, Vietnam, adequacy decision, data transfer, personal data
language
English
id
9000444
date added to LUP
2020-02-03 10:30:36
date last changed
2020-02-03 10:30:36
@misc{9000444,
  abstract     = {{In an increasingly globalized world and after a decade of digital revolution, the protection of personal data has fallen in the limelight. Nowadays, data is exchanged over the internet daily for various purposes, including strictly private, commercial, as well as public, which has raised concerns on how these transfers of personal data may affect the right to data protection and the right to privacy. 

In the EU context, there has been a tradition to protect personal data which dates back to 1995, when Data Protection Directive was adopted. Since then, the data protection within the EU has also been gradually strengthened, most prominently by the advent of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, giving the protection of personal data the formal status of a fundamental right. However, the same trend is not necessarily apparent in countries located outside the EU, or other international legal orders apart from the European Council. It can be asked how the EU should relate to countries that are believed to provide a lower level of protection of personal data than the level within the Union? Which countries are those, and is Vietnam among them? Should cooperation be excluded or initiated or perhaps maintained, depending on the merits of the case? Should the benefits of enhancing world trade outweigh the risk of potential data protection infringements?

During the past 20 years, Vietnam’s and EU’s trade relationship have become increasingly important. Nowadays, Vietnam is the second biggest trading partner with EU among the countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, a trend that does not seem to subside. In June 2019, EU and Vietnam signed a free trade agreement and an investment protection agreement and subject to the European Parliament’s approval, some hope they will enter into force within the immediate. While it can be expected that data transfers will increase between the parties, one can question, whether there are relevant mechanisms in place to facilitate data exchange and advance the cooperation. In the EU, the most important and comprehensive mechanism for data transfers a so-called adequacy decision. Yet, while Vietnam is ready to be a trade partner, it might not necessarily be ready for other things that come in parallel with it, as increased data flows. 

In this paper, the EU requirements for transferring data to a third country will be examined, focusing on the avenue of an adequacy decision. In parallel, the data protection regime in Vietnam will be scrutinized and tested against the EU standards for adequacy. It will be argued that Vietnam does not meet the EU requirements for adequacy and that the current gap is rather wide, and it is likely to take more than just some amendments in the law to close the gap. Likewise, it will be argued that the EU adequacy requirements are not clear and straightforward, leaving uncertainties to Vietnam and the states in comparable position.}},
  author       = {{Wilderoth, Sandra}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{EU data transfer requirements for an adequacy decision and the Vietnamese legal realities}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}