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3D-bevisning - En bevisrättslig undersökning av en ny sorts kriminalteknisk bevisning

Nyström, LIV Dansdotter LU (2020) JURM02 20201
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Med teknikens utveckling öppnas nya dörrar för att utreda och bevisa brott. En ny sorts bevisning, i vart fall i svenska domstolar, är digital 3D-bevisning. Bevisningen byggs upp av bland annat laserskannad data, vilket kan rekonstruera och visualisera till exempel en brottsplats, ett händelseförlopp, kroppsskador, kulbane- och blodbildsanalyser i 3D. 3D-bevisning har hittills använts i ett fåtal men uppmärksammade svenska brottmålsrättegångar som terrordådet på Drottninggatan, och NFC förutspår en ökad användning av bevisningen. Denna framställning är skriven som en explorativ studie med syfte att undersöka vad 3D-bevisning är och hur den skapas, dess roll i brottmålsprocesser, samt potentiella osäkerhetsmoment och felkällor med... (More)
Med teknikens utveckling öppnas nya dörrar för att utreda och bevisa brott. En ny sorts bevisning, i vart fall i svenska domstolar, är digital 3D-bevisning. Bevisningen byggs upp av bland annat laserskannad data, vilket kan rekonstruera och visualisera till exempel en brottsplats, ett händelseförlopp, kroppsskador, kulbane- och blodbildsanalyser i 3D. 3D-bevisning har hittills använts i ett fåtal men uppmärksammade svenska brottmålsrättegångar som terrordådet på Drottninggatan, och NFC förutspår en ökad användning av bevisningen. Denna framställning är skriven som en explorativ studie med syfte att undersöka vad 3D-bevisning är och hur den skapas, dess roll i brottmålsprocesser, samt potentiella osäkerhetsmoment och felkällor med bevisningen. Materialet i uppsatsen utgörs i huvudsak av de traditionella rättskällorna, intervjustudier, rättsfallsstudier och rättsvetenskaplig-, forensiskvetenskaplig- och vittnespsykologisk litteratur. Vilken metod som använts har varierat utifrån syfte och material i respektive kapitel, men främst tillämpas rättsdogmatisk metod och empirisk metod i form av rättsfallsstudier av mål där 3D-bevisning använts och kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer med forensiker, domare, åklagare och brottmålsadvokat.

I framställningen konstateras att 3D-bevisnings avsedda funktion synes vara att synliggöra och visualisera sådant som inte hade kunnat dokumenteras genom annan slags dokumentation, eller i vart fall inte på ett lika rättvisande sätt. 3D-bevisnings faktiska funktion har inte varit möjlig att fastställa fullt ut med tanke på det begränsade antal mål som 3D-bevisning har figurerat som bevisning. Det går dock att konstatera att bevistemat för 3D-bevisningen i respektive mål anses uppfyllt av domstolarna. De potentiella osäkerhetsmoment som identifieras i uppsatsen är; brister i handhavandet med tekniken vid datainsamlande och skapande av 3D-bevisning, manuellt återplacerade eller skapade moment, fragmentariskt eller ofullständigt underlag, påverkan av vittnesutsagor samt psykologisk påverkan på rätten. Med anledning av 3D-bevisningens karaktär, samt att rätten ska kunna tillmäta 3D-bevisning dess erforderliga värde i det enskilda fallet menar uppsatsförfattaren att osäkerhetsmoment måste presenteras för rätten. Förslag på hur dessa osäkerhetsmoment bör presenteras för rätten presenteras i kapitel 6, vari uppsatsförfattaren förespråkar att så sker skriftligen, muntligen och visuellt. (Less)
Abstract
With the rise of new technology, new doors are opened to investigate and prove crimes. A new kind of evidence, at least in Swedish courts, is digital 3D models. 3D models are made from data collected with different techniques but foremost laser scanning, which can reconstruct and visualise crime scenes, a course of events, bodily injuries, ballistic and blood print analyses in 3D. So far, 3D models have only been used in a few, but high profile cases in Swedish criminal trials, as the trial of the terrorist acts at Drottninggatan, Stockholm, and NFC (1) predicts increased use of the evidence. This thesis is written as an explorative study with the aim to investigate what 3D evidence is and how it is created, its role in criminal... (More)
With the rise of new technology, new doors are opened to investigate and prove crimes. A new kind of evidence, at least in Swedish courts, is digital 3D models. 3D models are made from data collected with different techniques but foremost laser scanning, which can reconstruct and visualise crime scenes, a course of events, bodily injuries, ballistic and blood print analyses in 3D. So far, 3D models have only been used in a few, but high profile cases in Swedish criminal trials, as the trial of the terrorist acts at Drottninggatan, Stockholm, and NFC (1) predicts increased use of the evidence. This thesis is written as an explorative study with the aim to investigate what 3D evidence is and how it is created, its role in criminal proceedings, and potential uncertainties and sources of error within the evidence. The sources in this thesis are foremost the traditional sources of law such as law, preparatory work and Supreme Court rulings. Furthermore, interviews, studies of lower court rulings, and legal-, forensic-, and witness psychological literature are used. Which method that has been used differs from chapter to chapter, dependent on the research questions and material of the chapter. A legal dogmatic method has been used in my studies of established law. Furthermore, an empirical method has been used to study and analyse case law in which 3D evidence has been used. It has also been used in the studies and analyses of my qualitative research interviews with a forensic scientist, a judge, a prosecutor, and a criminal attorney. The thesis states that the intended function of 3D evidence seems to be to visualise things that could not have been documented by any other kind of documentation, or at least not in an equally accurate way. The actual function of 3D evidence has not been possible to determine fully, given the few court cases that 3D models have been exhibited as evidence. However, it can be stated that the theme of proof of the 3D evidence in each case is considered, by the courts, to be fulfilled. The potential uncertainties in 3D evidence, identified in the thesis, are; deficiencies in the handling of the technology during the collection of data and creation of 3D evidence, manually repositioned or created elements, fragmentary or incomplete data, influence of witness testimonies and psychological impact on the court. Due to the nature of the 3D evidence, and that the court should be able to evaluate the 3D evidence correctly in the individual case, the thesis author believes that uncertainties ought to be presented to the court. Proposals on how the uncertainties could be presented to the court are presented in Chapter 6, in which the thesis author advocates this to be done both in writing, orally and visually.

(1) NFC is an abbreviation for the Swedish National Forensic Centre. NFC is an independent expert organisation within the Swedish Police Authority. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Nyström, LIV Dansdotter LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
3D evidence - An explorative legal study of a new kind of forensic evidence
course
JURM02 20201
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
allmän rättslära, jurisprudence, straffrätt, criminal law, bevisrätt, evidence law, laserskanning, laserscanning, 3D, 3D-bevisning, 3D-modell, 3D-rekonstruktion, 3D evidence, 3D modell, bevis, bevisning, kriminalteknik, forensic science
language
Swedish
id
9010589
date added to LUP
2020-06-16 10:55:01
date last changed
2020-06-16 10:55:01
@misc{9010589,
  abstract     = {{With the rise of new technology, new doors are opened to investigate and prove crimes. A new kind of evidence, at least in Swedish courts, is digital 3D models. 3D models are made from data collected with different techniques but foremost laser scanning, which can reconstruct and visualise crime scenes, a course of events, bodily injuries, ballistic and blood print analyses in 3D. So far, 3D models have only been used in a few, but high profile cases in Swedish criminal trials, as the trial of the terrorist acts at Drottninggatan, Stockholm, and NFC (1) predicts increased use of the evidence. This thesis is written as an explorative study with the aim to investigate what 3D evidence is and how it is created, its role in criminal proceedings, and potential uncertainties and sources of error within the evidence. The sources in this thesis are foremost the traditional sources of law such as law, preparatory work and Supreme Court rulings. Furthermore, interviews, studies of lower court rulings, and legal-, forensic-, and witness psychological literature are used. Which method that has been used differs from chapter to chapter, dependent on the research questions and material of the chapter. A legal dogmatic method has been used in my studies of established law. Furthermore, an empirical method has been used to study and analyse case law in which 3D evidence has been used. It has also been used in the studies and analyses of my qualitative research interviews with a forensic scientist, a judge, a prosecutor, and a criminal attorney. The thesis states that the intended function of 3D evidence seems to be to visualise things that could not have been documented by any other kind of documentation, or at least not in an equally accurate way. The actual function of 3D evidence has not been possible to determine fully, given the few court cases that 3D models have been exhibited as evidence. However, it can be stated that the theme of proof of the 3D evidence in each case is considered, by the courts, to be fulfilled. The potential uncertainties in 3D evidence, identified in the thesis, are; deficiencies in the handling of the technology during the collection of data and creation of 3D evidence, manually repositioned or created elements, fragmentary or incomplete data, influence of witness testimonies and psychological impact on the court. Due to the nature of the 3D evidence, and that the court should be able to evaluate the 3D evidence correctly in the individual case, the thesis author believes that uncertainties ought to be presented to the court. Proposals on how the uncertainties could be presented to the court are presented in Chapter 6, in which the thesis author advocates this to be done both in writing, orally and visually.

(1) NFC is an abbreviation for the Swedish National Forensic Centre. NFC is an independent expert organisation within the Swedish Police Authority.}},
  author       = {{Nyström, LIV Dansdotter}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{3D-bevisning - En bevisrättslig undersökning av en ny sorts kriminalteknisk bevisning}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}