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Politiken och principerna - Den nuvarande kriminalpolitiken och dess förhållande till principer för kriminalisering

Thörnmo, Jacob LU (2020) JURM02 20201
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
When a socially relevant problem is identified by the state, the solution is often found in the sphere of criminal justice. The method is simple: more and harsher penalties are necessary. At the very least, it is easy to be led to believe so based on the public dialogue and the image presented by the media. At the same time, criminal law is governed by principles intended to uphold the restrictiveness of the system – principles which limit the violence capital of the state and the ability to intervene in citizens' lives.

In summary, the present paper examines whether the criminal law policy under the current (Swedish) government is in accordance with two of the principles of criminalization - the principle of ultima ratio and the... (More)
When a socially relevant problem is identified by the state, the solution is often found in the sphere of criminal justice. The method is simple: more and harsher penalties are necessary. At the very least, it is easy to be led to believe so based on the public dialogue and the image presented by the media. At the same time, criminal law is governed by principles intended to uphold the restrictiveness of the system – principles which limit the violence capital of the state and the ability to intervene in citizens' lives.

In summary, the present paper examines whether the criminal law policy under the current (Swedish) government is in accordance with two of the principles of criminalization - the principle of ultima ratio and the requirement of proportionality in penalty scales - found in the legal doctrine. The study consists of examining legislation proposals during 2018, 2019 and 2020 in light of these principles.

The result of the study is that the principles of criminalization have only a limited impact on the criminal law policy. The general level of repression is, on the basis of the legislative proposals examined, increasing.

Based on the proposals examined, it is particularly questionable to what extent the principle of ultima ratio affects the legislative work. Only in a few of the legislative proposals is the principle noticed. In general, clarification is desirable regarding which alternative options are available to rectify the identified problem, or, if no such alternatives exist, a statement which clarifies this.

Discussions on the proportionality requirements of the penalty scale are more common in the proposals. However, it is not unusual for suggestions of increased penalty scales to be substantiated on diffuse grounds where, in particular, the existence of "the public's view" or other similar formulations as the basis for increased penalty scales appear to be particularly problematic.

One possible explanation for the principles’ lack of impact in the criminal law policy is assumed to be that the criminal law is largely reactive - criminal law proposals often appear to be a reaction by the state to events that have already occurred or a presumed solution to existing problems. If it at the same time appears that society demands stricter penalties or an increase in criminalization, it is hardly surprising that the objective of the political course is to increase the level of repression – often at the expense of compliance with the principles. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
När ett problem identifieras av statsmakten som bedöms beröra samhällslivet står inte sällan lösningen att finna inom straffrättens sfär. Metoden är enkel: det måste till fler och hårdare straff. Åtminstone är det enkelt att bilda sig den uppfattningen utifrån det offentliga samtalet och den bild som presenteras i våra nyhetsmedier. Samtidigt styrs straffrätten av principer som är ämnade att upprätthålla systemets restriktivitet - att begränsa statsmaktens våldskapital och möjlighet att ingripa i medborgarnas liv.

Förevarande uppsats undersöker huruvida kriminalpolitiken under den nuvarande regeringen är i överensstämmelse med två av de principer för kriminalisering – principen om ultima ratio och straffskalans proportionalitetskrav –... (More)
När ett problem identifieras av statsmakten som bedöms beröra samhällslivet står inte sällan lösningen att finna inom straffrättens sfär. Metoden är enkel: det måste till fler och hårdare straff. Åtminstone är det enkelt att bilda sig den uppfattningen utifrån det offentliga samtalet och den bild som presenteras i våra nyhetsmedier. Samtidigt styrs straffrätten av principer som är ämnade att upprätthålla systemets restriktivitet - att begränsa statsmaktens våldskapital och möjlighet att ingripa i medborgarnas liv.

Förevarande uppsats undersöker huruvida kriminalpolitiken under den nuvarande regeringen är i överensstämmelse med två av de principer för kriminalisering – principen om ultima ratio och straffskalans proportionalitetskrav – som återfinns i den juridiska doktrinen. Undersökningen består i att propositioner av straffrättslig relevans under budgetåren 2018, 2019 och 2020 granskas i ljuset av dessa principer.

Resultatet av studien är sammanfattningsvis att principerna för kriminalisering endast i begränsad omfattning har en genomslagskraft i den politik som bedrivs. Den generella repressionsnivån är, utifrån de granskade lagförslagen, tilltagande.

Utifrån de granskade propositionerna är det särskilt tveksamt i vilken utsträckning principen om ultima ratio inverkar på lagstiftningsarbetet. Endast i ett fåtal av lagförslagen uppmärksammas principen. Det hade överlag varit önskvärt med förtydliganden om vilka alternativa möjligheter som står till buds för att komma tillrätta med den identifierade problematiken, eller, om inga sådana alternativ existerar, ett klargörande av detta.

I större utsträckning förekommer diskussioner om straffskalans proportionalitetskrav. Det är emellertid inte ovanligt att straffskärpningar underbyggs på diffusa grunder där särskilt förekomsten av ”allmänhetens syn” eller andra, liknande formuleringar som bärande skäl till straffskärpningar framstår som särskilt problematisk.

En möjlig förklaring till principernas bristande genomslagskraft i politiken antas vara att straffrätten till stor del är reaktiv – straffrättsliga lagförslag synes ofta vara en reaktion från statsmakten på redan inträffade händelser eller befintliga problem. Om det samtidigt framstår som att samhället kräver skärpta straff eller en utökning av det kriminaliserade området, är det knappast uppseendeväckande att den politiska kursen inriktas på att öka repressionsnivån – ofta på bekostnad av principernas efterlevnad. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Thörnmo, Jacob LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Politics and principles - The current criminal law policy and its relation to the principles of criminalization
course
JURM02 20201
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Rättspolitik, Kriminalpolitik, Principer för kriminalisering, Kriminaliseringsprinciper, Ultima ratio, Staffskalor, Proportionalitet
language
Swedish
id
9010882
date added to LUP
2020-06-18 10:08:11
date last changed
2020-06-18 10:08:11
@misc{9010882,
  abstract     = {{When a socially relevant problem is identified by the state, the solution is often found in the sphere of criminal justice. The method is simple: more and harsher penalties are necessary. At the very least, it is easy to be led to believe so based on the public dialogue and the image presented by the media. At the same time, criminal law is governed by principles intended to uphold the restrictiveness of the system – principles which limit the violence capital of the state and the ability to intervene in citizens' lives.

In summary, the present paper examines whether the criminal law policy under the current (Swedish) government is in accordance with two of the principles of criminalization - the principle of ultima ratio and the requirement of proportionality in penalty scales - found in the legal doctrine. The study consists of examining legislation proposals during 2018, 2019 and 2020 in light of these principles.

The result of the study is that the principles of criminalization have only a limited impact on the criminal law policy. The general level of repression is, on the basis of the legislative proposals examined, increasing.

Based on the proposals examined, it is particularly questionable to what extent the principle of ultima ratio affects the legislative work. Only in a few of the legislative proposals is the principle noticed. In general, clarification is desirable regarding which alternative options are available to rectify the identified problem, or, if no such alternatives exist, a statement which clarifies this. 

Discussions on the proportionality requirements of the penalty scale are more common in the proposals. However, it is not unusual for suggestions of increased penalty scales to be substantiated on diffuse grounds where, in particular, the existence of "the public's view" or other similar formulations as the basis for increased penalty scales appear to be particularly problematic.

One possible explanation for the principles’ lack of impact in the criminal law policy is assumed to be that the criminal law is largely reactive - criminal law proposals often appear to be a reaction by the state to events that have already occurred or a presumed solution to existing problems. If it at the same time appears that society demands stricter penalties or an increase in criminalization, it is hardly surprising that the objective of the political course is to increase the level of repression – often at the expense of compliance with the principles.}},
  author       = {{Thörnmo, Jacob}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Politiken och principerna - Den nuvarande kriminalpolitiken och dess förhållande till principer för kriminalisering}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}