NANOFILTRATION OF PROTEIN RICH WASTEWATER- STUDY FOR CONCENTRATING POTATO FRUIT JUICE
(2020) KLTM01 20201Food Technology and Nutrition (M.Sc.)
- Abstract
- At present, in potato starch industries, not only starch is extracted from the process but even proteins and fibers are recovered as they are economically valuable. Unfortunately, the process used for protein recovery can only partially recover protein from the potato fruit juice (PJ), while the reaming PJ is concentrated using an evaporator and is later on used as fertilizers. Potato starch industry is considered to be one of high energy consuming industry and one of the reasons for this is the usage of an evaporator for the concentration process, which has high energy requirement.
For the above mentioned reason, this study was performed to compare and evaluate the impact of a nanofiltration system integrated as pre-treatment to... (More) - At present, in potato starch industries, not only starch is extracted from the process but even proteins and fibers are recovered as they are economically valuable. Unfortunately, the process used for protein recovery can only partially recover protein from the potato fruit juice (PJ), while the reaming PJ is concentrated using an evaporator and is later on used as fertilizers. Potato starch industry is considered to be one of high energy consuming industry and one of the reasons for this is the usage of an evaporator for the concentration process, which has high energy requirement.
For the above mentioned reason, this study was performed to compare and evaluate the impact of a nanofiltration system integrated as pre-treatment to evaporator in terms of energy and cost. To achieve this objective, process parameter study was carried out for the seven nanofiltration membranes which consists of, two ceramic membranes LC1 and LC2 and five polymeric membranes Koch 34, Koch 36, NP 10, NP 30 and Solsep. Process parameter study for ceramic and polymeric membranes were carried out using different model setups. The retention capacity of the membranes was also determined in the process parameter study. Finally, the better performing membrane among seven membranes was selected and used in the concentration studies. Concentration studies was carried out to for 22 hours to determine the volume reduction capacity of the membrane, which was useful during the techno economic analysis. Based on the process parameter study results, Koch 34 proved to be the best performing membrane. Fifty percent of volume reduction was achieved using Koch 34 in the concentration studies. 87% of total solids and proteins were retained and similarly 87% retention in sugars and other soluble solids and 67% retention in conductivity was observed during these studies.
Techno economic analysis was carried out to compare between evaporation and membrane filtration integrated with evaporation in terms of cost and energy consumption in a potato starch factory. For conducting techno economic analysis (TEA), the capital investment and the operating cost for the membrane filtration system was calculated using the numerical data from the literature. In case of the evaporator, only operating cost was calculated as the system was already existing in the company. The cost calculation shows that, when evaporator alone was used for the concentration process, it costs 6.8 Euros/m3 of water removal from the PJ. On the other hand, the use of nanofiltration system as pre-treatment for the evaporation process costs 1.2 Euros/m3 of water removal from the PJ. The results show that the, use of nanofiltration as pre-treatment to the evaporation process is economically feasible and reduces the energy consumption. (Less) - Popular Abstract
- Nanofiltration of protein rich wastewater- Study for concentrating potato fruit juice
The consumption of potatoes as a staple food and using them as a raw material for the production of starch is high in the European countries. During the early 18th century, starch was mainly produced from wheat and maize, but in the 18th century the use of potato for the starch production started to boom in Europe. With time significant improvements were seen in the production process of potato starch. Like in other food industries the organic content of the wastewater from the process was high. Instead of treating the wastewater it was directly sprayed on to the agricultural fields as fertilizer. Later, regulations were implemented to treat the... (More) - Nanofiltration of protein rich wastewater- Study for concentrating potato fruit juice
The consumption of potatoes as a staple food and using them as a raw material for the production of starch is high in the European countries. During the early 18th century, starch was mainly produced from wheat and maize, but in the 18th century the use of potato for the starch production started to boom in Europe. With time significant improvements were seen in the production process of potato starch. Like in other food industries the organic content of the wastewater from the process was high. Instead of treating the wastewater it was directly sprayed on to the agricultural fields as fertilizer. Later, regulations were implemented to treat the wastewater in order to reduce environmental impact. With this regulation came a few more modifications of the process like the recovery of proteins and fibers to reduce the organic content of the industrial effluent, while the remainder are concentrated using evaporation and used as a fertilizer.
Even with all these improvements, further attention and modifications are needed in areas such as water and energy consumption, to make this industry work more sustainable. The evaporation process used in the industry to concentrate the wastewater consumes large amounts of energy when compared with the overall energy required for the potato starch production. Thus, a study was conducted to evaluate the reduction in the energy consumption by introducing a nanofiltration system as pretreatment of the wastewater before the evaporation process.
The membrane filtration technology is known for its lower energy consumption and flexibility, making it adaptive to industrial processes. Integration of membrane technology will reduce the volume of water to be evaporated by the evaporators, thereby the reducing energy consumption. Membranes used for nanofiltration retains organic components such as proteins and sugars. With this retention the organic content of the water passing through the membrane (permeate) is reduced. Hence, nanofiltration membranes were selected for this study.
In this study, seven nanofiltration membranes were selected, out of which two of them were ceramic membranes while the other five were polymeric membranes. In the initial stage, the performance of all seven membranes in terms of flux, fouling, cleaning, retention of total solids and protein, ions and sugars were analyzed under the same process parameters, such as pressure and temperature. The sample used in this study was the wastewater obtained after partial recovery of the protein from the potato fruit juice (PJ).
The best performing nanofiltration membrane was used in a concentration study, where the permeate was continuously removed during the study. The results from this study were used in the techno economic analysis. From the analysis, the cost and energy consumption between two systems, the stand-alone evaporation and the membrane system integrated with the evaporation process were compared. With the techno economic analysis, it was possible to see that the integration of a nanofiltration membrane system as a pretreatment to the wastewater evaporation results in lower energy consumption and is economically profitable. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9022482
- author
- Toragaravalli Rajeevalochana, Padmashree LU and Ramesh, Reshma LU
- supervisor
-
- Johan Thuvander LU
- Mikael Sjölin LU
- organization
- course
- KLTM01 20201
- year
- 2020
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- Food engineering, Livsmedelsteknik
- language
- English
- id
- 9022482
- date added to LUP
- 2020-09-11 11:39:36
- date last changed
- 2020-09-11 11:39:36
@misc{9022482,
abstract = {{At present, in potato starch industries, not only starch is extracted from the process but even proteins and fibers are recovered as they are economically valuable. Unfortunately, the process used for protein recovery can only partially recover protein from the potato fruit juice (PJ), while the reaming PJ is concentrated using an evaporator and is later on used as fertilizers. Potato starch industry is considered to be one of high energy consuming industry and one of the reasons for this is the usage of an evaporator for the concentration process, which has high energy requirement.
For the above mentioned reason, this study was performed to compare and evaluate the impact of a nanofiltration system integrated as pre-treatment to evaporator in terms of energy and cost. To achieve this objective, process parameter study was carried out for the seven nanofiltration membranes which consists of, two ceramic membranes LC1 and LC2 and five polymeric membranes Koch 34, Koch 36, NP 10, NP 30 and Solsep. Process parameter study for ceramic and polymeric membranes were carried out using different model setups. The retention capacity of the membranes was also determined in the process parameter study. Finally, the better performing membrane among seven membranes was selected and used in the concentration studies. Concentration studies was carried out to for 22 hours to determine the volume reduction capacity of the membrane, which was useful during the techno economic analysis. Based on the process parameter study results, Koch 34 proved to be the best performing membrane. Fifty percent of volume reduction was achieved using Koch 34 in the concentration studies. 87% of total solids and proteins were retained and similarly 87% retention in sugars and other soluble solids and 67% retention in conductivity was observed during these studies.
Techno economic analysis was carried out to compare between evaporation and membrane filtration integrated with evaporation in terms of cost and energy consumption in a potato starch factory. For conducting techno economic analysis (TEA), the capital investment and the operating cost for the membrane filtration system was calculated using the numerical data from the literature. In case of the evaporator, only operating cost was calculated as the system was already existing in the company. The cost calculation shows that, when evaporator alone was used for the concentration process, it costs 6.8 Euros/m3 of water removal from the PJ. On the other hand, the use of nanofiltration system as pre-treatment for the evaporation process costs 1.2 Euros/m3 of water removal from the PJ. The results show that the, use of nanofiltration as pre-treatment to the evaporation process is economically feasible and reduces the energy consumption.}},
author = {{Toragaravalli Rajeevalochana, Padmashree and Ramesh, Reshma}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{NANOFILTRATION OF PROTEIN RICH WASTEWATER- STUDY FOR CONCENTRATING POTATO FRUIT JUICE}},
year = {{2020}},
}