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Improved Accuracy for Indoor Positioning with Bluetooth 5.1: From Theory to Measurements

Sesma Santos, Victor LU and Egorov, Victor (2020) EITM02 20201
Department of Electrical and Information Technology
Abstract
In this thesis we are evaluating Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) v5.1 in combination
with Direction Of Arrival (DOA) algorithms and receiving antenna arrays for
indoor positioning systems. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first part
is the core of the thesis and is composed by the evaluation of DOA algorithms
in a direction finding system. A campaign of measurements is carried out in an
active indoor human environment. We aim for a suitable antenna configuration
and DOA algorithm that will result in an angular error estimation below 10.
In the process, we evaluate the implications of the frequency in AOA estimation
and we propose an algorithm that is based on frequency diversity in order to make
angular estimation errors more... (More)
In this thesis we are evaluating Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) v5.1 in combination
with Direction Of Arrival (DOA) algorithms and receiving antenna arrays for
indoor positioning systems. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first part
is the core of the thesis and is composed by the evaluation of DOA algorithms
in a direction finding system. A campaign of measurements is carried out in an
active indoor human environment. We aim for a suitable antenna configuration
and DOA algorithm that will result in an angular error estimation below 10.
In the process, we evaluate the implications of the frequency in AOA estimation
and we propose an algorithm that is based on frequency diversity in order to make
angular estimation errors more robust. The objective is successfully complied using
a 4x4 URA receiver together with PDDA DOA estimation algorithm reaching a
Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 4.15. The second part of the thesis consists of
demonstrating that a sub-meter error accuracy is possible using Bluetooth v5.1.
To do so, we use the findings from the first part of the thesis and we present
a simple geometric approach to estimate the position of the transmitter. The
positioning engine is based on AOA and RSSI parameters. The objective is again
successfully completed, obtaining an average distance error of 0.88 m. (Less)
Popular Abstract
A hot topic of the last decade is the smart devices that can "talk" to each other.
From a time where internet was used to connect people across the world, we have
arrived at an Era where it connects devices that communicate without human
interference. This connectivity of the devices to the network and the exchange of
the data is referred as the Internet of Things (IoT).
Ericsson made a prediction that, by the year 2025, the IoT devices that will be connected
to the network will surpass the global population over three times reaching
the astonishing number of more than 24.9 billion connections 44.
The expectation is that an increasing number of items connected to the internet
will do additional tasks. Smartphones, vehicles, and... (More)
A hot topic of the last decade is the smart devices that can "talk" to each other.
From a time where internet was used to connect people across the world, we have
arrived at an Era where it connects devices that communicate without human
interference. This connectivity of the devices to the network and the exchange of
the data is referred as the Internet of Things (IoT).
Ericsson made a prediction that, by the year 2025, the IoT devices that will be connected
to the network will surpass the global population over three times reaching
the astonishing number of more than 24.9 billion connections 44.
The expectation is that an increasing number of items connected to the internet
will do additional tasks. Smartphones, vehicles, and countless gadgets use
GPS system for navigation, tracking and positioning. GPS has proved to be a
reliable and accurate radio-navigation system which enhanced connectivity and
global mapping. However, using GPS for indoor purposes remains a challenge as
propagating through walls and levels of floors is still an obstacle, as the signal
is heavily deteriorated. Indoor positioning systems can take advantage of that.
Using communication technologies such as Bluetooth, indoor environments can be
mapped. Thus, indoor tracking, navigation and positioning accuracy are increased
resulting to higher precision. This concept can be applied in various aspects of
society, like health care, transportation, entertainment or safety measurements.
People who are running late with their flight will not lose time as they will be
guided directly to their gate. In museums, information provided to peoples headphones
will be changed accordingly to where they stand and what they observe.
Patients in hospitals will have increased supervision, enabling prioritisation of the
patients by the caregivers. Managers will be able to use the information from
the data gathered to provide a more efficient and pleasant environment for their
employees. There are numerous aspects in the society and services that can profit
from indoor positioning systems.
We do indoor positioning measurements in an office environment using Bluetooth
v5.1 as a communication technology. This version of Bluetooth holds information
about the direction of the incoming source. We use this information in combination
with appropriate algorithms that provide the angles of the source and received
signal strength indicator (RSSI). Through that we strive to reach an increased
precision of indoor positioning. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Sesma Santos, Victor LU and Egorov, Victor
supervisor
organization
course
EITM02 20201
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
report number
LU/LTH-EIT 2020-786
language
English
id
9027829
date added to LUP
2020-09-03 16:17:23
date last changed
2020-09-03 16:17:23
@misc{9027829,
  abstract     = {{In this thesis we are evaluating Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) v5.1 in combination
with Direction Of Arrival (DOA) algorithms and receiving antenna arrays for
indoor positioning systems. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first part
is the core of the thesis and is composed by the evaluation of DOA algorithms
in a direction finding system. A campaign of measurements is carried out in an
active indoor human environment. We aim for a suitable antenna configuration
and DOA algorithm that will result in an angular error estimation below 10.
In the process, we evaluate the implications of the frequency in AOA estimation
and we propose an algorithm that is based on frequency diversity in order to make
angular estimation errors more robust. The objective is successfully complied using
a 4x4 URA receiver together with PDDA DOA estimation algorithm reaching a
Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 4.15. The second part of the thesis consists of
demonstrating that a sub-meter error accuracy is possible using Bluetooth v5.1.
To do so, we use the findings from the first part of the thesis and we present
a simple geometric approach to estimate the position of the transmitter. The
positioning engine is based on AOA and RSSI parameters. The objective is again
successfully completed, obtaining an average distance error of 0.88 m.}},
  author       = {{Sesma Santos, Victor and Egorov, Victor}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Improved Accuracy for Indoor Positioning with Bluetooth 5.1: From Theory to Measurements}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}