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Diskrimineringslagen ur ett terapeutiskt perspektiv - En undersökning av diskrimineringslagens användbarhet utifrån den enskildes upplevelser av diskriminering och diskrimineringstvister

Åberg, Alice LU (2020) JURM02 20202
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to examine the availability of the Swedish Discrimination Act from the perspective of the individual, based on the individual’s experience of discrimination and the individual’s needs in a discrimination dispute. The background to the examination is a survey on discrimination towards junior doctors made by SYLF, Sveriges yngre läkares förening. The survey shows that a majority of those who had experienced discrimination in the workplace chose not to act against it. Only a few chose to take legal actions. In order to examine the availability of the Discrimination Act, the essay will use the legal scholarship Therapeutic Jurisprudence, TJ, which analyses the law’s implication on people’s wellbeing. According to... (More)
The purpose of this essay is to examine the availability of the Swedish Discrimination Act from the perspective of the individual, based on the individual’s experience of discrimination and the individual’s needs in a discrimination dispute. The background to the examination is a survey on discrimination towards junior doctors made by SYLF, Sveriges yngre läkares förening. The survey shows that a majority of those who had experienced discrimination in the workplace chose not to act against it. Only a few chose to take legal actions. In order to examine the availability of the Discrimination Act, the essay will use the legal scholarship Therapeutic Jurisprudence, TJ, which analyses the law’s implication on people’s wellbeing. According to TJ, the law does, intentionally or unintentionally, implicate the people who get in contact with it, in either a therapeutic or anti-therapeutic way.

The essay has analysed the Discrimination Act from three different angles – how the discrimination in law and real life differs, which ways the law offers restoration for the individual and finally the therapeutic potential in the law’s demand to conduct internal processes. The essay shows that discrimination is experienced as complex, hard to define and expressed in variously individual, structural, organizational, formal and informal forms. Discrimination is also experienced as intersectional. This complex expression creates a discrepancy between the formal and narrow definition of discrimination in the law, and the more fluid and complicated experiences of reality. This means that the prohibition of discrimination in the Act might have trouble intercept the unfair treatment that is experienced as discrimination in real life. This might be problematic from a therapeutic perspective, since the essay shows that it is important that the individual in a legal dispute gets the opportunity to tell their story, get validation and participate in the process.

The Discrimination Act offers an opportunity for those who have experienced discrimination to be adjudged compensation for discrimination, a tort especially designed for discrimination disputes, through a legal process. Alongside with the possibility to talk about their experiences and get them validated, the essay present other needs that the individual might have in the process – to receive an apology or an explanation and that the responsibility for the discrimination is determined. Preferably this is combined with some sort of restoration of the situation that has been impaired by the discrimination. The court proceedings offered by the Discrimination Act might meet some of the needs of the individual, for instance the need to tell their story (within the frame of the legal dispute), get the responsibility for the discrimination stated and get restoration in means of economical compensation. Other needs, as the need to get an apology or an explanation or to achieve a resolution to the situation, is out of reach for the legal process or might even be counteracted by the legal process. Those needs might be better met in a process without legal framing, focusing on meeting the needs of the individual, and aiming to put things right. Consequently, the Discrimination Act is able to offer some kinds of restoration and thereby therapeutic effects, but might in some cases, when the needs of the individual is out of reach for the law to meet, have anti-therapeutic effects on the individual. This makes the Discrimination Act available for the individual in some cases, but not in all. In the conclusion of this essay it is proposed that future research should explore alternative models for handling discrimination disputes, models which could work as a complement to the process offered by the Discrimination Act, focusing on meeting the emotional needs of the individual and to create socially sustainable solutions to the conflict. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka diskrimineringslagens användbarhet utifrån den enskildes perspektiv, med utgångspunkt i den enskildes upplevelse av diskriminering samt den enskildes behov i och av en diskrimineringstvist. Bakgrunden är en enkätundersökning om diskriminering mot underläkare gjord av SYLF, Sveriges yngre läkares förening, som visar att majoriteten av de som upplevt diskriminering på sin arbetsplats valt att inte agera mot den. Endast ett fåtal valde att vidta juridiska åtgärder. Som verktyg för att undersöka diskrimineringslagens användbarhet har uppsatsen använt rättsvetenskapen Terapeutisk juridik, TJ, som analyserar juridiken utifrån dess effekter på människors välmående. Enligt TJ ger juridiken, avsiktligt... (More)
Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka diskrimineringslagens användbarhet utifrån den enskildes perspektiv, med utgångspunkt i den enskildes upplevelse av diskriminering samt den enskildes behov i och av en diskrimineringstvist. Bakgrunden är en enkätundersökning om diskriminering mot underläkare gjord av SYLF, Sveriges yngre läkares förening, som visar att majoriteten av de som upplevt diskriminering på sin arbetsplats valt att inte agera mot den. Endast ett fåtal valde att vidta juridiska åtgärder. Som verktyg för att undersöka diskrimineringslagens användbarhet har uppsatsen använt rättsvetenskapen Terapeutisk juridik, TJ, som analyserar juridiken utifrån dess effekter på människors välmående. Enligt TJ ger juridiken, avsiktligt eller oavsiktligt, terapeutiska eller anti-terapeutiska effekter för den som kommer i kontakt med den.

I uppsatsen har diskrimineringslagen, med hjälp av forskning och rapporter om diskriminering och diskrimineringstvister, analyserats utifrån tre områden – vad som händer när juridiken möter verkligheten, vilka vägar lagens erbjuder till upprättelse samt den terapeutiska potential som finns i lagens krav på att genomföra interna processer för att hantera diskrimineringsfrågor på arbetsplatsen. Det har i uppsatsen framkommit att diskriminering ofta upplevs som komplex, svår att definiera och som att den utspelar sig på omväxlande individuell, strukturell, organisatorisk, formell och informell nivå. Diskriminering tar sig även intersektionella uttryck. I och med denna komplexitet uppstår en diskrepans mellan juridikens mer formalistiska och snäva definition, och verklighetens mer rörliga och komplicerade upplevelse. Detta innebär att lagens diskrimineringsförbud kan ha svårt att fånga upp all den orättvisa behandling som sker i verkligheten och som upplevs utgöra diskriminering. Detta är problematiskt ur ett terapeutiskt perspektiv eftersom det i uppsatsens undersökning framkommer att den enskilde i en rättstvist uppskattar möjligheten att berätta sin historia på sitt sätt, få den bekräftad och vara delaktig i processens utformning.

Genom diskrimineringslagen kan den som utsatts för diskriminering få upprättelse genom en domstolsprocess som tillerkänner den enskilde diskrimineringsersättning. Förutom att få möjligheten att berätta om sina erfarenheter och få dessa bekräftade, framkommer det i uppsatsen att den enskilde även kan vara intresserad av att få en ursäkt eller en förklaring, samt att det sker ett fastställande av ansvar för vad som har hänt. Detta får gärna kombineras med någon typ av återupprättelse eller att situationen som försämrats av diskrimineringen blir återupprättad. Domstolsprocessen som diskrimineringslagen erbjuder som upprättelse kan uppfylla en del av dessa behov, som att inom ramen för den juridiska processen berätta sin historia, fastställa ansvar och ge återupprättelse i form av ekonomisk kompensation. Andra behov, såsom att få en ursäkt, förklaring eller lösning på den faktiska situationen lämnas utanför eller kan till och med motverkas av processens juridiska inramning. Dessa behov skulle bättre kunna mötas genom utomrättsliga konfliktlösningar, som fokuserar på att möta den enskildes behov och ställa saker till rätta. Diskrimineringslagens väg till upprättelse kan alltså ge terapeutiska effekter men också i värsta fall, där den enskilde är ute efter något helt annat än det som lagen kan erbjuda, ge anti-terapeutiska effekter. Det gör att diskrimineringslagen är användbar för den enskilde i vissa situationer, men inte i andra. I uppsatsens avslutande kommentar föreslås att det i framtida forskning bör utredas hur alternativa konfliktlösningsmodeller till diskrimineringslagen kan se ut, som skulle kunna komplettera diskrimineringslagens process med syfte att möta den enskildes emotionella behov och att skapa en socialt hållbar lösning på konflikten. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Åberg, Alice LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Therapeutic perpectives on the Discrimination Act
course
JURM02 20202
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Rättsvetenskap, Terapeutisk juridik, Diskriminering
language
Swedish
id
9040195
date added to LUP
2021-04-12 13:28:36
date last changed
2021-04-12 13:28:36
@misc{9040195,
  abstract     = {{The purpose of this essay is to examine the availability of the Swedish Discrimination Act from the perspective of the individual, based on the individual’s experience of discrimination and the individual’s needs in a discrimination dispute. The background to the examination is a survey on discrimination towards junior doctors made by SYLF, Sveriges yngre läkares förening. The survey shows that a majority of those who had experienced discrimination in the workplace chose not to act against it. Only a few chose to take legal actions. In order to examine the availability of the Discrimination Act, the essay will use the legal scholarship Therapeutic Jurisprudence, TJ, which analyses the law’s implication on people’s wellbeing. According to TJ, the law does, intentionally or unintentionally, implicate the people who get in contact with it, in either a therapeutic or anti-therapeutic way.

The essay has analysed the Discrimination Act from three different angles – how the discrimination in law and real life differs, which ways the law offers restoration for the individual and finally the therapeutic potential in the law’s demand to conduct internal processes. The essay shows that discrimination is experienced as complex, hard to define and expressed in variously individual, structural, organizational, formal and informal forms. Discrimination is also experienced as intersectional. This complex expression creates a discrepancy between the formal and narrow definition of discrimination in the law, and the more fluid and complicated experiences of reality. This means that the prohibition of discrimination in the Act might have trouble intercept the unfair treatment that is experienced as discrimination in real life. This might be problematic from a therapeutic perspective, since the essay shows that it is important that the individual in a legal dispute gets the opportunity to tell their story, get validation and participate in the process.

The Discrimination Act offers an opportunity for those who have experienced discrimination to be adjudged compensation for discrimination, a tort especially designed for discrimination disputes, through a legal process. Alongside with the possibility to talk about their experiences and get them validated, the essay present other needs that the individual might have in the process – to receive an apology or an explanation and that the responsibility for the discrimination is determined. Preferably this is combined with some sort of restoration of the situation that has been impaired by the discrimination. The court proceedings offered by the Discrimination Act might meet some of the needs of the individual, for instance the need to tell their story (within the frame of the legal dispute), get the responsibility for the discrimination stated and get restoration in means of economical compensation. Other needs, as the need to get an apology or an explanation or to achieve a resolution to the situation, is out of reach for the legal process or might even be counteracted by the legal process. Those needs might be better met in a process without legal framing, focusing on meeting the needs of the individual, and aiming to put things right. Consequently, the Discrimination Act is able to offer some kinds of restoration and thereby therapeutic effects, but might in some cases, when the needs of the individual is out of reach for the law to meet, have anti-therapeutic effects on the individual. This makes the Discrimination Act available for the individual in some cases, but not in all. In the conclusion of this essay it is proposed that future research should explore alternative models for handling discrimination disputes, models which could work as a complement to the process offered by the Discrimination Act, focusing on meeting the emotional needs of the individual and to create socially sustainable solutions to the conflict.}},
  author       = {{Åberg, Alice}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Diskrimineringslagen ur ett terapeutiskt perspektiv - En undersökning av diskrimineringslagens användbarhet utifrån den enskildes upplevelser av diskriminering och diskrimineringstvister}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}