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Låt den rätte komma in: En kritisk granskning av lagen om tillträdesförbud till butik utifrån kriterierna för generell kriminalisering

Herrlander, Ebba LU (2021) JURM02 20211
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Crime and disorderly conduct, which are affecting Swedish retail trade, have been a problem in which several preventive measures have been taken. The store owners right to property is violated as a result of the problem with crime in the retail trade. On March 1, 2021, law (2021:34) about admissibility to stores (“tillträdesförbudslagen”) came into force. The law means that a restraining order combined with criminal liability can be issued against individuals who are deemed to be at risk of committing a crime inside a store.

The law about admissibility to stores is an individual, punishable prohibition that differs from regular penal law due to the nature of the prohibition as it is directed at individuals. This thesis therefore... (More)
Crime and disorderly conduct, which are affecting Swedish retail trade, have been a problem in which several preventive measures have been taken. The store owners right to property is violated as a result of the problem with crime in the retail trade. On March 1, 2021, law (2021:34) about admissibility to stores (“tillträdesförbudslagen”) came into force. The law means that a restraining order combined with criminal liability can be issued against individuals who are deemed to be at risk of committing a crime inside a store.

The law about admissibility to stores is an individual, punishable prohibition that differs from regular penal law due to the nature of the prohibition as it is directed at individuals. This thesis therefore examines how law about admissibility to stores relates to the criteria applied within regular criminalization in penal law. This is done with the help of doctrinal legal methodology and a theoretical assumption that criminalization must take place on established grounds in order to be accepted within the principle of rule of law. Based on a critical evaluation of the criteria set out in penal law this thesis shows that the law about admissibility to stores does not achieve these criteria particularly well. The law about admissibility to stores, and other individual, punishable prohibitions, should be regarded as a separate criminalization technique. This technique should be used to deal with behaviors that are particularly intrusive and are difficult to access with a standard criminalization procedure or other sanctions.

Due to the restrictive nature of the law about admissibility to stores, the constitutionally protected right to freedom of movement is restricted. This thesis therefore examines whether the law meets the principal of proportionality that is set in the Instrument of Government for such a restriction. Based on an assessment of the law, in light of the proportionality principle, it can be concluded that the law about admissibility to stores is not a disproportionate restriction of the right to freedom of movement. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Tillgreppsbrottslighet och ordningsstörningar som sker i svensk detaljhandel är en mångårig problematik som det vidtagits åtskilliga åtgärder gentemot. Butiksägares egendomsrätt kränks till följd av tillgreppsbrottslighet inom detaljhandeln. Den 1 mars 2021 trädde lag (2021:34) om tillträdesförbud till butik (”tillträdesförbudslagen”) i kraft. Lagen innebär att tillträdesförbud förenat med straffansvar kan utfärdas mot enskilda individer som bedöms löpa risk att begå brott inne i en butik.

Tillträdesförbudslagen är ett exempel på ett straffsanktionerat individuellt förbud, vilket skiljer sig från generell kriminalisering genom förbudens karaktär som riktat mot enskilda individer. Uppsatsen undersöker därav hur tillträdesförbudslagen... (More)
Tillgreppsbrottslighet och ordningsstörningar som sker i svensk detaljhandel är en mångårig problematik som det vidtagits åtskilliga åtgärder gentemot. Butiksägares egendomsrätt kränks till följd av tillgreppsbrottslighet inom detaljhandeln. Den 1 mars 2021 trädde lag (2021:34) om tillträdesförbud till butik (”tillträdesförbudslagen”) i kraft. Lagen innebär att tillträdesförbud förenat med straffansvar kan utfärdas mot enskilda individer som bedöms löpa risk att begå brott inne i en butik.

Tillträdesförbudslagen är ett exempel på ett straffsanktionerat individuellt förbud, vilket skiljer sig från generell kriminalisering genom förbudens karaktär som riktat mot enskilda individer. Uppsatsen undersöker därav hur tillträdesförbudslagen förhåller sig till de kriterier som tillämpas vid generell kriminalisering. Detta görs med hjälp av den rättsdogmatiska metoden och ett teoretiskt antagande att kriminalisering ska ske på etablerade grunder för att vara rättssäker. Utifrån en granskning av vilka kriterier som uppställs vid kriminalisering visar framställningen att tillträdesförbudslagen inte uppfyller dessa kriterier särskilt väl. Tillträdesförbudslagen, och andra straffsanktionerade individuella förbud, bör betraktas som en egen kriminaliseringsteknik. Denna kriminaliseringsteknik bör användas för att träffa beteenden som är särskilt integritetskränkande och svåråtkomliga med ett vanligt kriminaliseringsförfarande eller andra sanktioner.

Vidare är det ett betydelsefullt inslag i uppsatsen att uppmärksamma tillträdesförbudslagens inskränkande karaktär av den grundlagsskyddade rörelsefriheten. Till följd av detta görs en bedömning avseende proportionalitetskravet som uppställs för en godtagbar inskränkning av rätten att röra sig fritt i 2 kap. 21 § regeringsformen. Utifrån en bedömning av tillträdesförbudslagen, mot bakgrund av proportionalitetskravet, kan slutsatsen dras att tillträdesförbudslagen inte är en oproportionerlig inskränkning av den enskilde individens rätt att röra sig fritt. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Herrlander, Ebba LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Let the right one in: A critical evaluation of the law about admissibility to stores based on the criteria set out in general criminalization
course
JURM02 20211
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, straffsanktionerade individuella förbud, kriminalisering, regeringsformen, rätten att röra sig fritt
language
Swedish
id
9046404
date added to LUP
2021-06-09 12:43:17
date last changed
2021-06-09 12:43:17
@misc{9046404,
  abstract     = {{Crime and disorderly conduct, which are affecting Swedish retail trade, have been a problem in which several preventive measures have been taken. The store owners right to property is violated as a result of the problem with crime in the retail trade. On March 1, 2021, law (2021:34) about admissibility to stores (“tillträdesförbudslagen”) came into force. The law means that a restraining order combined with criminal liability can be issued against individuals who are deemed to be at risk of committing a crime inside a store. 

The law about admissibility to stores is an individual, punishable prohibition that differs from regular penal law due to the nature of the prohibition as it is directed at individuals. This thesis therefore examines how law about admissibility to stores relates to the criteria applied within regular criminalization in penal law. This is done with the help of doctrinal legal methodology and a theoretical assumption that criminalization must take place on established grounds in order to be accepted within the principle of rule of law. Based on a critical evaluation of the criteria set out in penal law this thesis shows that the law about admissibility to stores does not achieve these criteria particularly well. The law about admissibility to stores, and other individual, punishable prohibitions, should be regarded as a separate criminalization technique. This technique should be used to deal with behaviors that are particularly intrusive and are difficult to access with a standard criminalization procedure or other sanctions.

Due to the restrictive nature of the law about admissibility to stores, the constitutionally protected right to freedom of movement is restricted. This thesis therefore examines whether the law meets the principal of proportionality that is set in the Instrument of Government for such a restriction. Based on an assessment of the law, in light of the proportionality principle, it can be concluded that the law about admissibility to stores is not a disproportionate restriction of the right to freedom of movement.}},
  author       = {{Herrlander, Ebba}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Låt den rätte komma in: En kritisk granskning av lagen om tillträdesförbud till butik utifrån kriterierna för generell kriminalisering}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}