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Det betalande sambon - Betydelsen av sambors och makars ekonomiska gemenskap vid bedömningen av bevisbördans placering samt vid frågor om obehörig vinst.

Pieplow, Madeleine LU (2021) JURM02 20211
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Bodelningar mellan sambor respektive makar kan vara problematiska. Det kan uppkomma frågor om hur ett ekonomiskt mellanhavande mellan parterna ska betraktas. I sådana situationer är det vanligt att parterna är oense huruvida mellanhavandet utgör en försträckning, en gåva eller ett bidrag till den ekonomiska gemenskapen. Karaktären av mellanhavandet kan få betydelse för vad vardera parten erhåller i bodelningen. Det är därför i respektive parts intresse att definiera det ekonomiska mellanhavandets karaktär utifrån vad som gynnar dem bäst.

Sådana fordringstvister är särskilt problematiska i de fall det råder ekonomisk gemenskap mellan parterna. I dagsläget finns det ingen specifik familjerättslig bestämmelse som reglerar ersättningsrätt... (More)
Bodelningar mellan sambor respektive makar kan vara problematiska. Det kan uppkomma frågor om hur ett ekonomiskt mellanhavande mellan parterna ska betraktas. I sådana situationer är det vanligt att parterna är oense huruvida mellanhavandet utgör en försträckning, en gåva eller ett bidrag till den ekonomiska gemenskapen. Karaktären av mellanhavandet kan få betydelse för vad vardera parten erhåller i bodelningen. Det är därför i respektive parts intresse att definiera det ekonomiska mellanhavandets karaktär utifrån vad som gynnar dem bäst.

Sådana fordringstvister är särskilt problematiska i de fall det råder ekonomisk gemenskap mellan parterna. I dagsläget finns det ingen specifik familjerättslig bestämmelse som reglerar ersättningsrätt från den andra partens egendom med anledning av ett ekonomiskt mellanhavande. Därför hanteras det som en förmögenhetsrättslig fråga. Tvistens utfall påverkas ofta av vilken part som åläggs bevisbördan för sitt påstående. Det kan vara svårt att bevisa sin sak och därför kan placeringen av bevisbördan få avgörande betydelse. Med anledning av den ekonomiska gemenskap som råder mellan sambor respektive makar är det vanligt att de inte upplever ett behov av att upprätta skuldebrev och gåvobrev sinsemellan. Det är ofta först vid upplösningen av ett samboskap eller ett äktenskap som parterna inser betydelsen av en sådan handling.

Tidigare avgörandena har avsett rena förmögenhetsrättsliga relationer och har därför inte varit helt jämförbara med anledning av den ekonomiska gemenskap som råder sambor respektive makar ekonomiska gemenskap. I NJA 2019 s. 23 (Den betalande sambon) avgjorde Högsta domstolen (HD) en fråga om bevisbörda mellan sambor. Parterna i målet hade tidigare varit sambor och de var oeniga om karaktären avseende ett ekonomiskt mellanhavande. Den ekonomiska gemenskapen ansågs ha betydelse för bevisbördans placering då det är vanligt med många transaktioner mellan sambor. Av den anledningen ansågs det mer befogat att utgå ifrån att transaktionerna var benefika snarare än försträckningar. Jag delar denna uppfattning och anser att det även står i samklang med den ekonomiska familjerätten i övrigt.

Även om placeringen av bevisbördan kan anses rimlig, är det anmärkningsvärt att placeringen kan vara avgörande för en fråga om ersättningsrätt. HD prövade, i samma mål, i andra hand huruvida principen om obehörig vinst kan tillämpas i en sådan situation. Svaret var dock nekande vilket HD grundade på ett flertal skäl. Ett av dessa skäl är att syftet med sambolagen är att reglera frågor som är oundgängliga att reglera mellan parterna. HD ansåg dock inte att det förevarande var en sådan situation och framhöll att sambor kan reglera sådana frågor genom avtal sinsemellan.

Den betalande sambon erhöll därför ingen ersättning för den investering som denne gjort i den andra sambons egendom. I doktrin har det efter avgörandet anförts att HD borde ha tillämpat principen om obehörig vinst då sambor respektive makar behöver ett ersättningsskydd i sådana situationer. Avgörandet i denna del kan inte anses vara i samklang med den ekonomiska familjerätten eftersom HD inte tillgodoser sambors respektive makars behov av ersättningsskydd. (Less)
Abstract
Division of property between cohabitants and spouses could be problematic. Questions regarding financial dealing and unsettled matters between the parties may arise. In these situations, it is common that the two parties are in disagreement whether the unsettled financial matters should be seen as a claim, a gift or contribution to the economic kinship. The type of unsettled matters may be of significance for what each party receives in the division of property. As a result, it is in both parties’ best interest to define the nature of the unsettled economic matters in a way that favours them.

These claim disputes are especially problematic as there is an economic kinship between the two parties. To this day, there is no specific family... (More)
Division of property between cohabitants and spouses could be problematic. Questions regarding financial dealing and unsettled matters between the parties may arise. In these situations, it is common that the two parties are in disagreement whether the unsettled financial matters should be seen as a claim, a gift or contribution to the economic kinship. The type of unsettled matters may be of significance for what each party receives in the division of property. As a result, it is in both parties’ best interest to define the nature of the unsettled economic matters in a way that favours them.

These claim disputes are especially problematic as there is an economic kinship between the two parties. To this day, there is no specific family law provision that regulates the right to economic compensation from the property of the other party due to a financial dealing. Currently, these disputes are therefore handled as property law issues. The outcome of the dispute is often affected by which party is imposed the burden of proof for its claim. It may be difficult to prove one’s claim, which makes the placement of the burden of proof important. Due to the economic kinship between cohabitants and spouse respectively, it is common that the need for drawing up promissory notes and deed of gift among themselves are seen as insignificant. It is often not until the resolution of a marriage or partnership when the parties realize the importance of such documents.

The previous decisions have concerned property law relationships without regard to the economic kinship of the cohabitants and spouses. In NJA 2019 s. 23 (The paying cohabitant), the Supreme Court (HD) ruled on a question of the burden of proof between cohabitants. The economic kinship was deemed important as many transactions between cohabitants are common. Because of this, it was reasonable to assume that the transactions were beneficial rather than strains. I believe that the placement of the burden of proof is reasonable and generally in line with the economic family law.

Although the placement of the burden of proof is deemed reasonable, it is remarkable that the placement of the burden of proof can be decisive on the issue of the right to compensation. In the above-mentioned case, HD tried whether the principle of unjustified enrichment can be applied in such situation as an alternative. The answer was however negative, which HD based on a variety of reasons. One of these reasons conveys that the purpose of the Swedish cohabitation act is to regulate questions that are essential between parties. However, HD did not consider this case within such context and the cohabitants can agree such questions among themselves.

As a result, the paying cohabitant did not receive any compensation for the investment made in the other cohabitant’s property. After the ruling, it was stated in the doctrine that HD should have applied the principle of unjustified enrichment as cohabitants and spouses in such situations need compensation protection. The ruling in this part is not considered to be in accordance with the economic family law, considering that HD’s decision does not cater to spouses and cohabitants’ need for compensation protection. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Pieplow, Madeleine LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The paying cohabitant - The importance of cohabitants' and spouses' respectively economic kinship in the assessment of the burden of proof and in matters of unjustified enrichment.
course
JURM02 20211
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Civilrätt (en. private law), familjerätt, fastighetsrätt, finansrätt (en. fiscal law), NJA 2019 s. 23, Den betalande sambon, bevisbördans placering, obehörig vinst
language
Swedish
id
9046474
date added to LUP
2021-06-15 08:32:02
date last changed
2021-06-15 08:32:02
@misc{9046474,
  abstract     = {{Division of property between cohabitants and spouses could be problematic. Questions regarding financial dealing and unsettled matters between the parties may arise. In these situations, it is common that the two parties are in disagreement whether the unsettled financial matters should be seen as a claim, a gift or contribution to the economic kinship. The type of unsettled matters may be of significance for what each party receives in the division of property. As a result, it is in both parties’ best interest to define the nature of the unsettled economic matters in a way that favours them. 

These claim disputes are especially problematic as there is an economic kinship between the two parties. To this day, there is no specific family law provision that regulates the right to economic compensation from the property of the other party due to a financial dealing. Currently, these disputes are therefore handled as property law issues. The outcome of the dispute is often affected by which party is imposed the burden of proof for its claim. It may be difficult to prove one’s claim, which makes the placement of the burden of proof important. Due to the economic kinship between cohabitants and spouse respectively, it is common that the need for drawing up promissory notes and deed of gift among themselves are seen as insignificant. It is often not until the resolution of a marriage or partnership when the parties realize the importance of such documents. 

The previous decisions have concerned property law relationships without regard to the economic kinship of the cohabitants and spouses. In NJA 2019 s. 23 (The paying cohabitant), the Supreme Court (HD) ruled on a question of the burden of proof between cohabitants. The economic kinship was deemed important as many transactions between cohabitants are common. Because of this, it was reasonable to assume that the transactions were beneficial rather than strains. I believe that the placement of the burden of proof is reasonable and generally in line with the economic family law. 

Although the placement of the burden of proof is deemed reasonable, it is remarkable that the placement of the burden of proof can be decisive on the issue of the right to compensation. In the above-mentioned case, HD tried whether the principle of unjustified enrichment can be applied in such situation as an alternative. The answer was however negative, which HD based on a variety of reasons. One of these reasons conveys that the purpose of the Swedish cohabitation act is to regulate questions that are essential between parties. However, HD did not consider this case within such context and the cohabitants can agree such questions among themselves.

As a result, the paying cohabitant did not receive any compensation for the investment made in the other cohabitant’s property. After the ruling, it was stated in the doctrine that HD should have applied the principle of unjustified enrichment as cohabitants and spouses in such situations need compensation protection. The ruling in this part is not considered to be in accordance with the economic family law, considering that HD’s decision does not cater to spouses and cohabitants’ need for compensation protection.}},
  author       = {{Pieplow, Madeleine}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Det betalande sambon - Betydelsen av sambors och makars ekonomiska gemenskap vid bedömningen av bevisbördans placering samt vid frågor om obehörig vinst.}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}