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Ungdomsrabatten - En kritisk diskursanalys av slopad straffrabatt för unga vuxna

Rangemo, Julia LU (2021) LAGF03 20211
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Young offenders have been specially treated in Swedish criminal law for centuries. Regulations of today are to be found in 29 kap. 7 § BrB and prescribes that anyone who commits a crime before the age of 21 should receive a reduction of their penalty because of their youth. This results in a so-called “penalty discount” that reduces as the age increase. The reasons for the existence of the penalty discount is due to the young people’s lack of responsibility, sensitivity for sanctions and maturation process.

The 13th of December in 2017 the government gathered a group of investigators to examine how the penalty discount could be repealed. The investigation results in a proposal that the wording of 29 kap 7§ BrB should be changed to only... (More)
Young offenders have been specially treated in Swedish criminal law for centuries. Regulations of today are to be found in 29 kap. 7 § BrB and prescribes that anyone who commits a crime before the age of 21 should receive a reduction of their penalty because of their youth. This results in a so-called “penalty discount” that reduces as the age increase. The reasons for the existence of the penalty discount is due to the young people’s lack of responsibility, sensitivity for sanctions and maturation process.

The 13th of December in 2017 the government gathered a group of investigators to examine how the penalty discount could be repealed. The investigation results in a proposal that the wording of 29 kap 7§ BrB should be changed to only include penalty discount for those who not yet have turned 18 years old. Accordingly, the penalty discount for offenders between 18-20 should be abolished. The proposal later on becomes part of the governments “34-punktsprogram”, containing measures against organised crimes. The proposal is largely criticised by the consultation responses which revolves in a revise. In a draft of a law council referral they stipulate that the repeal of the penalty discount only should include young offenders between 18-20 that have committed crimes sentenced with prison for one year or more. Also this proposal had to endure criticism in media as well as by consultation responses. The majority though had no objections.

The government intends to abrogate the penalty discount regardless of the criticism from researchers and experts. Due to this, this essay intends to analyse underlying motives of the reform. Central explicit arguments have been chosen for a critical discourse analysis. The analysis clarifies that a repeal can not be motivated by general prevention nor individual prevention. Another argument implies that the principal of proportionality should be prioritized over the reasons for special treatment of young offenders. The idea of young offenders lack of responsibility has therefore changed. The aim to increase security in the society is one of the most central motives for repealed penalty discount and is now politically prioritised over crime prevention. In summary the reform shows how politicians strive to please the society by giving them what they want on the expense of young offenders. In the concluding discussion I criticise the discourse for being too narrow both when it comes to underlying motives and the possibilities of alternative measures. Finally, discussions about how the voters create the criminal policy to suit the law-abiding citizens instead of the criminals are made. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Ungdomar har varit föremål för straffrättslig särbehandling i flera sekel. Den nuvarande särbehandlingen föreskrivs i 29 kap. 7 § BrB och medför att om någon begår brott innan hen fyllt 21 år så ska dennes ungdom särskilt beaktas vid straffmätningen. Detta resulterar i en straffnedsättning, s.k. straffrabatt som minskar i förhållande till ökad ålder. Straffrabatten motiveras utifrån ungdomars bristande ansvarsförmåga, högre sanktionskänslighet och pågående mognadsprocess.

Den 13 december 2017 tillkallar regeringen en särskild utredning, ungdomsreduktionsutredningen, för att utreda hur ett slopande av straffrabatten kan genomföras. Utredningen resulterar i ett förslag om att ordalydelsen i 29 kap. 7 § BrB ska ändras till att endast... (More)
Ungdomar har varit föremål för straffrättslig särbehandling i flera sekel. Den nuvarande särbehandlingen föreskrivs i 29 kap. 7 § BrB och medför att om någon begår brott innan hen fyllt 21 år så ska dennes ungdom särskilt beaktas vid straffmätningen. Detta resulterar i en straffnedsättning, s.k. straffrabatt som minskar i förhållande till ökad ålder. Straffrabatten motiveras utifrån ungdomars bristande ansvarsförmåga, högre sanktionskänslighet och pågående mognadsprocess.

Den 13 december 2017 tillkallar regeringen en särskild utredning, ungdomsreduktionsutredningen, för att utreda hur ett slopande av straffrabatten kan genomföras. Utredningen resulterar i ett förslag om att ordalydelsen i 29 kap. 7 § BrB ska ändras till att endast föreskriva straffrabatt för unga upp till 18 år. På detta sätt ska alltså ungdomsrabatten för 18-20 åringar slopas. Förslaget blir sedan del av regeringens 34-punktsprogram mot gängkriminalitet och organiserad brottslighet. Förslaget möts av hård kritik av remissinstanserna vilket resulterar i en revidering. I utkast till lagrådsremiss föreskriver de att slopandet ska omfatta lagöverträdare mellan 18-20 år vid brottslighet som åläggs minst ett års fängelse. Även detta förslag bemöts med hård kritik såväl i media som i remissvar. Majoriteten av remissinstanser har dock inga invändningar.

Regeringen ämnar trots omfattande kritik från forskare och experter att genomföra slopandet av straffrabatten. Med detta som utgångspunkt syftar uppsatsen till att undersöka reformens bakomliggande motiv. Centrala explicita argument har valts ut för att analyseras genom en kritisk diskursanalys. I analysen klargörs att ett slopande varken kan motiveras utifrån allmän- eller individualprevention. Som argument för ett slopande framförs att proportionalitetsprincipen ska prioriteras framför de skäl som tidigare föranlett en särbehandling för ungdomsbrottslingar. Följden blir höjda repressionsnivåer med mer omfattande fängelsestraff. Synen på ungdomars ansvarsförmåga har således förändrats. Samhällets upplevda otrygghet är ett centralt motiv till reformen. Att öka tryggheten i samhället har alltså prioriterats som kriminalpolitiskt mål framför brottsprevention. Sammantaget bottnar reformen av straffrabatten i politikers strävan att ge majoriteten vad de vill ha på bekostnad av unga lagöverträdare. I den avslutande diskussionen kritiseras diskursen för att vara för begränsad både när det kommer till bakomliggande motiv och möjliga brottspreventiva åtgärder utanför straffrättens område. Slutligen diskuteras det faktum att kriminalpolitiken formas av väljarna för att passa den laglydiga majoriteten istället för att likt tidigare utgå från brottslingars behov. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Rangemo, Julia LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20211
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Straffrabatten, Ungdomsrabatten, Unga lagöverträdare
language
Swedish
id
9056972
date added to LUP
2021-09-23 08:46:07
date last changed
2021-09-23 08:46:07
@misc{9056972,
  abstract     = {{Young offenders have been specially treated in Swedish criminal law for centuries. Regulations of today are to be found in 29 kap. 7 § BrB and prescribes that anyone who commits a crime before the age of 21 should receive a reduction of their penalty because of their youth. This results in a so-called “penalty discount” that reduces as the age increase. The reasons for the existence of the penalty discount is due to the young people’s lack of responsibility, sensitivity for sanctions and maturation process. 

The 13th of December in 2017 the government gathered a group of investigators to examine how the penalty discount could be repealed. The investigation results in a proposal that the wording of 29 kap 7§ BrB should be changed to only include penalty discount for those who not yet have turned 18 years old. Accordingly, the penalty discount for offenders between 18-20 should be abolished. The proposal later on becomes part of the governments “34-punktsprogram”, containing measures against organised crimes. The proposal is largely criticised by the consultation responses which revolves in a revise. In a draft of a law council referral they stipulate that the repeal of the penalty discount only should include young offenders between 18-20 that have committed crimes sentenced with prison for one year or more. Also this proposal had to endure criticism in media as well as by consultation responses. The majority though had no objections. 

The government intends to abrogate the penalty discount regardless of the criticism from researchers and experts. Due to this, this essay intends to analyse underlying motives of the reform. Central explicit arguments have been chosen for a critical discourse analysis. The analysis clarifies that a repeal can not be motivated by general prevention nor individual prevention. Another argument implies that the principal of proportionality should be prioritized over the reasons for special treatment of young offenders. The idea of young offenders lack of responsibility has therefore changed. The aim to increase security in the society is one of the most central motives for repealed penalty discount and is now politically prioritised over crime prevention. In summary the reform shows how politicians strive to please the society by giving them what they want on the expense of young offenders. In the concluding discussion I criticise the discourse for being too narrow both when it comes to underlying motives and the possibilities of alternative measures. Finally, discussions about how the voters create the criminal policy to suit the law-abiding citizens instead of the criminals are made.}},
  author       = {{Rangemo, Julia}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Ungdomsrabatten - En kritisk diskursanalys av slopad straffrabatt för unga vuxna}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}