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Resning i brottmål vid oriktig bevisvärdering – är svensk rätt på efterkälken?

Rönnlund, Aksinja LU (2021) JURM02 20212
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
I Sverige, liksom i många andra rättsstater, finns regler om rättskraft. Till följd av dessa regler får ett avgjort mål inte tas upp till förnyad prövning, sedan målet slutligt avgjorts genom en lagakraftvunnen dom. Domstolarnas avgöranden ska därmed vara orubbliga och oföränderliga; ett synsätt som har sin grund i orubblighetsprincipen. I kontrast till orubblighetsprincipen står emellertid sanningsprincipen. Principen grundar sig i intresset av materiellt riktiga domar och uppställer med anledning av det ett krav på att oriktiga domar ska kunna rättas till. Mot bakgrund av sanningsprincipen kan ett ovillkorligt upprätthållande av orubblighetsprincipen således inte ske, vilket lagt grund för det extraordinära rättsmedlet resning.

... (More)
I Sverige, liksom i många andra rättsstater, finns regler om rättskraft. Till följd av dessa regler får ett avgjort mål inte tas upp till förnyad prövning, sedan målet slutligt avgjorts genom en lagakraftvunnen dom. Domstolarnas avgöranden ska därmed vara orubbliga och oföränderliga; ett synsätt som har sin grund i orubblighetsprincipen. I kontrast till orubblighetsprincipen står emellertid sanningsprincipen. Principen grundar sig i intresset av materiellt riktiga domar och uppställer med anledning av det ett krav på att oriktiga domar ska kunna rättas till. Mot bakgrund av sanningsprincipen kan ett ovillkorligt upprätthållande av orubblighetsprincipen således inte ske, vilket lagt grund för det extraordinära rättsmedlet resning.

Resning fungerar som en säkerhetsventil på det materiella planet och syftar till att möjliggöra en förnyad prövning i mål där det lagakraftvunna avgörandet framstår som oriktigt. Resning i brottmål till förmån för en tilltalad regleras i 58 kap. 2 § RB, som beviljar resning på grund av grövre rättegångsfel samt då nya omständigheter eller nytt bevis tillkommit efter dom. Till följd av lagrummets så kallade nyhetskrav är det enligt nuvarande reglering inte möjligt att beviljas resning på den grund att bevisvärderingen framstår som oriktig; en reglering som på senare år fått viss kritik.

I uppsatsen undersöks möjligheten till resning då man åberopar oriktig bevisvärdering som resningsgrund. Syftet är dels att undersöka om resning kan beviljas på grund av oriktig bevisvärdering enligt gällande rätt, dels att undersöka om oriktig bevisvärdering bör införas som resningsgrund i svensk rätt. Undersökningen omfattar en redogörelse av den svenska regleringen, relevant rättspraxis samt konventionsrättens krav där syftet sedermera uppnås genom en analys av relevant material. I relation till uppsatsens syfte aktualiseras frågan om, och i så fall när, en domstols bevisvärdering kan anses vara oriktig. Vid undersökning av frågan uppdagas att gällande rätt ställer vissa krav på bevisvärderingen. I uppsatsen dras således slutsatsen att en domstols bevisvärdering kan klassificeras som oriktig och att kraven bör kunna tjäna som vägledning vid en bedömning av huruvida bevisvärderingen blivit oriktigt genomförd.

Vid undersökning av frågan om resning kan beviljas på grund av oriktig bevisvärdering enligt gällande rätt påvisas att Högsta domstolens praxis kan utvidgas till att även omfatta mål där man åberopar oriktig bevisvärdering som resningsgrund, men att domstolen uppvisat en restriktiv inställning till det. Uppsatsens slutsats är således att de teoretiska möjligheterna till resning på grund av oriktig bevisvärdering existerar, men att den praktiska möjligheten är minimal. I ljuset av det undersöker uppsatsen om oriktig bevisvärdering bör införas som resningsgrund i svensk rätt. Efter en avvägning av skälen för respektive emot införandet av en sådan resningsgrund nås slutsatsen att oriktig bevisvärdering bör införas som resningsgrund i svensk rätt, då en sådan reglering hade varit mer rättssäker än den som råder idag. (Less)
Abstract
In Sweden, as in many other states governed by law, principles on legal force exist. As a result of these principles, an adjudicated case cannot be tried anew once the matter has been decided by a legally binding judgment. The rulings of the courts shall thus be firm and adamant; a rationale based on the principle of firmness. However, this contrasts with the principle of truth, which is based on the interest of materially correct judgments. According to this principle, the law must offer a possibility to review judgments and a possibility to quash erroneous judgments. Therefore, unconditional enforcement of the principle of firmness cannot come to pass whereupon the extraordinary legal remedy of exoneration has entered into force.

... (More)
In Sweden, as in many other states governed by law, principles on legal force exist. As a result of these principles, an adjudicated case cannot be tried anew once the matter has been decided by a legally binding judgment. The rulings of the courts shall thus be firm and adamant; a rationale based on the principle of firmness. However, this contrasts with the principle of truth, which is based on the interest of materially correct judgments. According to this principle, the law must offer a possibility to review judgments and a possibility to quash erroneous judgments. Therefore, unconditional enforcement of the principle of firmness cannot come to pass whereupon the extraordinary legal remedy of exoneration has entered into force.

Exoneration serves as a safety valve on a material level, and enables a retrial in cases where the legally binding judgment appears to be materially incorrect. Exoneration in favour of a convicted person is regulated in the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure, Chapter 58 Section 2, which grants exoneration on the basis of serious procedural errors or when a new circumstance or new evidence is invoked. Due to the requirement that the evidence presented must be completely new, exoneration cannot be granted solely on the basis that the evaluation of evidence appears to be incorrect; a regulation that in recent years has received some criticism.

The purpose of this essay is twofold; to examine whether exoneration can be granted due to incorrect evaluation of evidence according to applicable law and to examine whether incorrect evaluation of evidence should be adopted as a legal ground for exoneration in Swedish law. The examination includes an account of the Swedish regulation, relevant case law and the requirements stated in the European Convention where the purpose is subsequently achieved through an analysis of relevant material. In relation to the purpose of the essay, the question arises as to whether, and if so when, a court's evaluation of evidence can be considered incorrect. When reviewing the question, it is revealed that applicable law places certain requirements on the court’s evaluation of evidence. The essay thus concludes that a court’s evaluation of evidence can be flawed and that the requirements should be able to serve as guidelines when assessing whether an evaluation of evidence has been carried out incorrectly.

When examining the question of whether exoneration can be granted due to incorrect evaluation of evidence according to applicable law, it is shown that the Supreme Court's case-law can be extended and include cases where incorrect evaluation of evidence is invoked as a legal ground for exoneration. However, the courts have shown a restrictive approach to this. The essay thus concludes that the theoretical possibilities for exoneration due to incorrect evaluation of evidence exists, but that the practical possibility are minimal. In light of this, the essay examines whether incorrect evaluation of evidence should be adopted as a legal ground for exoneration in Swedish law. After balancing the interests for and against such legal ground, the essay concludes that incorrect evaluation of evidence should be adopted as a legal ground for exoneration in Swedish law, since such regulation would have been more in compliance with the rule of law. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Rönnlund, Aksinja LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Exoneration Due to Incorrect Evaluation of Evidence - Is Swedish Law Lagging Behind?
course
JURM02 20212
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Straffprocessrätt, Resning, Extraordinära rättsmedel, Bevisvärdering, Oriktig bevisvärdering
language
Swedish
id
9070031
date added to LUP
2022-01-22 17:23:59
date last changed
2022-01-22 17:23:59
@misc{9070031,
  abstract     = {{In Sweden, as in many other states governed by law, principles on legal force exist. As a result of these principles, an adjudicated case cannot be tried anew once the matter has been decided by a legally binding judgment. The rulings of the courts shall thus be firm and adamant; a rationale based on the principle of firmness. However, this contrasts with the principle of truth, which is based on the interest of materially correct judgments. According to this principle, the law must offer a possibility to review judgments and a possibility to quash erroneous judgments. Therefore, unconditional enforcement of the principle of firmness cannot come to pass whereupon the extraordinary legal remedy of exoneration has entered into force.

Exoneration serves as a safety valve on a material level, and enables a retrial in cases where the legally binding judgment appears to be materially incorrect. Exoneration in favour of a convicted person is regulated in the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure, Chapter 58 Section 2, which grants exoneration on the basis of serious procedural errors or when a new circumstance or new evidence is invoked. Due to the requirement that the evidence presented must be completely new, exoneration cannot be granted solely on the basis that the evaluation of evidence appears to be incorrect; a regulation that in recent years has received some criticism.

The purpose of this essay is twofold; to examine whether exoneration can be granted due to incorrect evaluation of evidence according to applicable law and to examine whether incorrect evaluation of evidence should be adopted as a legal ground for exoneration in Swedish law. The examination includes an account of the Swedish regulation, relevant case law and the requirements stated in the European Convention where the purpose is subsequently achieved through an analysis of relevant material. In relation to the purpose of the essay, the question arises as to whether, and if so when, a court's evaluation of evidence can be considered incorrect. When reviewing the question, it is revealed that applicable law places certain requirements on the court’s evaluation of evidence. The essay thus concludes that a court’s evaluation of evidence can be flawed and that the requirements should be able to serve as guidelines when assessing whether an evaluation of evidence has been carried out incorrectly.

When examining the question of whether exoneration can be granted due to incorrect evaluation of evidence according to applicable law, it is shown that the Supreme Court's case-law can be extended and include cases where incorrect evaluation of evidence is invoked as a legal ground for exoneration. However, the courts have shown a restrictive approach to this. The essay thus concludes that the theoretical possibilities for exoneration due to incorrect evaluation of evidence exists, but that the practical possibility are minimal. In light of this, the essay examines whether incorrect evaluation of evidence should be adopted as a legal ground for exoneration in Swedish law. After balancing the interests for and against such legal ground, the essay concludes that incorrect evaluation of evidence should be adopted as a legal ground for exoneration in Swedish law, since such regulation would have been more in compliance with the rule of law.}},
  author       = {{Rönnlund, Aksinja}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Resning i brottmål vid oriktig bevisvärdering – är svensk rätt på efterkälken?}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}