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Våldtäkt tillsammans och i samförstånd - Om ansvarsfrågan vid fleras deltagande i våldtäkt

Carlsson, Clara LU (2021) LAGF03 20212
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Rape crime is in Swedish law regulated in Chapter 6 Section 1 of the Penal Code. The regulation has been through extensive changes during the past decade. Our current rape law does no longer require violence or threats, but is instead built upon the lack of voluntary participation.
When it comes to sexual offences, crimes committed by a group of people is not unusual. In a situation where more than one person participates, the question of who is to be considered perpetrator must be examined. This issue has recently been discussed by the legislator such as the Supreme Court and it has been found that rape can be committed to someone without physically touching that person. Traditionally, a requirement for committing rape has been that... (More)
Rape crime is in Swedish law regulated in Chapter 6 Section 1 of the Penal Code. The regulation has been through extensive changes during the past decade. Our current rape law does no longer require violence or threats, but is instead built upon the lack of voluntary participation.
When it comes to sexual offences, crimes committed by a group of people is not unusual. In a situation where more than one person participates, the question of who is to be considered perpetrator must be examined. This issue has recently been discussed by the legislator such as the Supreme Court and it has been found that rape can be committed to someone without physically touching that person. Traditionally, a requirement for committing rape has been that the perpetrator himself must have personally physically performed the sexual act. However, since this is no longer treated as a necessity, it opens up for the possibility to convict several perpetrators for rape.
The purpose of this thesis is to discuss co-perpetration in rape crime according to Swedish law. More specifically, it seeks to analyze the line between general criminal participation and co-perpetration, or in other words, when more than one person is considered being the perpetrator. The question has started an ongoing debate in relation to Swedish law whether the possibility could be a risk to fundamental legal principles. Swedish courts tend to only briefly discuss co-perpetration, especially when it comes to rape law. This makes it somewhat unclear what kind of behavior that constitutes the participation that is required to be considered a co-perpetrator. Lack in clarity in our current rape law also makes the line hard to draw. However, some examples of cases where the court has discussed co-perpetration can be found for guidance. A significant difference between general participation and co-perpetration is that co-perpetration requires some kind of cooperation and united action where the perpetrators act together and adapt to each other. It can also be concluded that the court in a situation where violence is being used usually consider the person who has not performed the sexual act, but have participated in the violence, as a co-perpetrator. However, it must be shown that the violence is an integrated part of the crime. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Sexuallagstiftningen har genomgått stora förändringar de senaste åren och inte minst vad gäller våldtäktsbrottet. Lagstiftningens tydliga skyddsintresse att skydda den enskildes personliga och sexuella integritet och självbestämmande, samt den nya utgångspunkt som baseras på frivilligt deltagande, har inneburit fler infallsvinklar i bedömningen av vad som utgör en våldtäkt.
Våldtäktsbrottet behandlas ej längre som ett egenhändigt brott vilket innebär att fler än endast den som utför det sexuella rekvisitet, dvs samlag eller därmed liknande handling, kan dömas som gärningsmän. Detta skapar förutsättningar att döma flera personer i medgärningsmannaskap. Medgärningsmannaskapet kännetecknas av att flera personer kan anses vara gärningsmän... (More)
Sexuallagstiftningen har genomgått stora förändringar de senaste åren och inte minst vad gäller våldtäktsbrottet. Lagstiftningens tydliga skyddsintresse att skydda den enskildes personliga och sexuella integritet och självbestämmande, samt den nya utgångspunkt som baseras på frivilligt deltagande, har inneburit fler infallsvinklar i bedömningen av vad som utgör en våldtäkt.
Våldtäktsbrottet behandlas ej längre som ett egenhändigt brott vilket innebär att fler än endast den som utför det sexuella rekvisitet, dvs samlag eller därmed liknande handling, kan dömas som gärningsmän. Detta skapar förutsättningar att döma flera personer i medgärningsmannaskap. Medgärningsmannaskapet kännetecknas av att flera personer kan anses vara gärningsmän samtidigt, och ska särskiljas från medverkan, där ansvar kan tillfalla den som främjat en gärning men inte är att betrakta som gärningsman. Vid medgärningsmannaskap behöver gärningsmannen ej enskilt uppfyller brottsbeskrivningen, utan istället krävs att vad de inblandade tillsammans gjort uppfyller rekvisiten. Situationen då flera personer är inblandade i våldtäkt kan således angripas med reglerna för medgärningsmannaskap såväl som de allmänna reglerna om medverkan. Gränsdragningen för vad som vid våldtäkt utgör medverkan eller medgärningsmannaskap är inte helt okomplicerat, och uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka just denna.
Uppsatsen visar på att möjligheterna att döma i medgärningsmannaskap har utvidgats. Utifrån en analys av praxis, doktrin och förarbeten går det att konstatera att det för medgärningsmannaskap krävs att det kan visas på ett samagerande. Det är främst detta samagerande som skiljer medgärningsmannaskap från medverkan. Vidare verkar medgärningsmannaskap ligga nära till hands i de fall där det kan visas på att en medgärningsman utfört våld och där våldet utgjort förutsättning för övergreppets utförande. Vid användandet av våld ska det kunna visas att våldet bör ses som en integrerad del av den genomförda våldtäkten, vilket ställer krav på att våldet inte är tidsligt och rumsligt separerad från den sexuella handlingen. Det är emellertid fortfarande svårt att se gränsen mellan medverkan och medgärningsmannaskap, och det är önskvärt att både lagstiftaren och HD ser över lagtexten och behandlar frågan. För att garantera rättssäkerheten, särskilt mot bakgrund av de farhågor som framförts i doktrin, måste detta förtydligas. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Carlsson, Clara LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20212
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, sexualbrott, gärningsmannaskap, medgärningsmannaskap, medverkan
language
Swedish
id
9070142
date added to LUP
2022-02-15 11:32:20
date last changed
2022-02-15 11:32:20
@misc{9070142,
  abstract     = {{Rape crime is in Swedish law regulated in Chapter 6 Section 1 of the Penal Code. The regulation has been through extensive changes during the past decade. Our current rape law does no longer require violence or threats, but is instead built upon the lack of voluntary participation. 
	When it comes to sexual offences, crimes committed by a group of people is not unusual. In a situation where more than one person participates, the question of who is to be considered perpetrator must be examined. This issue has recently been discussed by the legislator such as the Supreme Court and it has been found that rape can be committed to someone without physically touching that person. Traditionally, a requirement for committing rape has been that the perpetrator himself must have personally physically performed the sexual act. However, since this is no longer treated as a necessity, it opens up for the possibility to convict several perpetrators for rape. 
	The purpose of this thesis is to discuss co-perpetration in rape crime according to Swedish law. More specifically, it seeks to analyze the line between general criminal participation and co-perpetration, or in other words, when more than one person is considered being the perpetrator. The question has started an ongoing debate in relation to Swedish law whether the possibility could be a risk to fundamental legal principles. Swedish courts tend to only briefly discuss co-perpetration, especially when it comes to rape law. This makes it somewhat unclear what kind of behavior that constitutes the participation that is required to be considered a co-perpetrator. Lack in clarity in our current rape law also makes the line hard to draw. However, some examples of cases where the court has discussed co-perpetration can be found for guidance. A significant difference between general participation and co-perpetration is that co-perpetration requires some kind of cooperation and united action where the perpetrators act together and adapt to each other. It can also be concluded that the court in a situation where violence is being used usually consider the person who has not performed the sexual act, but have participated in the violence, as a co-perpetrator. However, it must be shown that the violence is an integrated part of the crime.}},
  author       = {{Carlsson, Clara}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Våldtäkt tillsammans och i samförstånd - Om ansvarsfrågan vid fleras deltagande i våldtäkt}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}