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Ansvarsbegränsning i ABA 99

Vestgöte Norell, Jacob LU (2022) JURM02 20221
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Avsaknaden av rättspraxis och doktrin avseende anläggningsleveranser enligt ABA 99 skapar osäkerhet i hur man ska tolka dess avtals¬bestämmelser. Osäkerheten aktualiseras inte minst vid tolkning av ansvarsbegränsningen i ABA 99. Syftet med denna framställning är att undersöka hur ansvarsbegränsningen i ABA 99 bör tolkas, samt att utreda huruvida ansvarsbegränsningens rättsverkan bör begränsas.

Rättspraxis från senare år har frångått den traditionella uppfattningen att ansvarsbegränsningar ska tolkas restriktivt. Högsta domstolen har uttalat att kontroll av sådana klausuler bör hanteras inom ramen för 36 § AvtL, s.k. öppen kontroll. Ansvarsbegränsningen i ABA 99 kan inte anses som oskälig i sig. Oskälighetsbedömningen ska därför, med... (More)
Avsaknaden av rättspraxis och doktrin avseende anläggningsleveranser enligt ABA 99 skapar osäkerhet i hur man ska tolka dess avtals¬bestämmelser. Osäkerheten aktualiseras inte minst vid tolkning av ansvarsbegränsningen i ABA 99. Syftet med denna framställning är att undersöka hur ansvarsbegränsningen i ABA 99 bör tolkas, samt att utreda huruvida ansvarsbegränsningens rättsverkan bör begränsas.

Rättspraxis från senare år har frångått den traditionella uppfattningen att ansvarsbegränsningar ska tolkas restriktivt. Högsta domstolen har uttalat att kontroll av sådana klausuler bör hanteras inom ramen för 36 § AvtL, s.k. öppen kontroll. Ansvarsbegränsningen i ABA 99 kan inte anses som oskälig i sig. Oskälighetsbedömningen ska därför, med hänsyn till samtliga omständigheter, ta ställning till om ansvarsbegränsningen utgör en orimlig riskavvägning mellan parterna. Vid en sådan bedömning bör beaktas graden av oaktsamhet, huruvida skadevållande haft ett befogat intresse av att begränsa sitt ansvar samt arten av kontraktsbrottet. För att göra denna bedömning måste avtalets innehåll fastställas, vilket görs genom tolkning.

Avtalstolkning i stort sker på grundval av samma principer, med viss variation beroende på avtalstyp och avtalsform. Högsta domstolen har i ett antal entreprenadrättsliga mål uttalat att det är naturligt att tolka avtalsbestämmelser i ljuset av vad som hade gällt enligt dispositiv rätt, men att det kan vara befogat att begränsa den dispositiva rättsregelns genomslagskraft vid entreprenadavtal då denna kan passa illa in i avtalssystemet. Detta sker genom en övergripande rimlighetsbedömning.

Med hänsyn till uttalanden i doktrin har denna uppsats undersökt om en sådan rimlighetsbedömning även bör göras vid tolkning av ABA 99. Slutsatserna av undersökningen är att det inte går att bestämma vilken avtalstyp anläggningsleveranser enligt ABA 99 generellt tillhör. Detta måste i stället bestämmas i varje enskilt fall. Uttalanden från Högsta domstolen och i doktrin ger dock stöd för att anläggningsleveranser enligt ABA 99 kan anses utgöra en självständig avtalsform. Med detta synsätt kan det vara befogat att göra en övergripande rimlighetsbedömning vid tolkning av avtalsbestämmelser i ljuset av dispositiv rätt.

Uppsatsen påvisar vidare att det kan förekomma problem som efter tolkning av standardavtalets ansvars- och riskbestämmelser inte kan anses regleras av avtalets bestämmelser. Rätten till påföljder begränsas då av ansvarsbegränsningen i punkt 25.1. I vissa fall kan detta innebära en avvikelse från vad som hade gällt enligt dispositiv rätt på ett sätt som resulterar i en orimlig riskavvägning mellan parterna.

Uppsatsens slutsats är att ansvarsbegränsningen inte kan anses som oskälig i sig, men att dess långtgående rättsverkningar i flera fall bör resultera i oskälighet, varpå det är motiverat att begränsa dess verkan genom att tillämpa 36 § AvtL. (Less)
Abstract
The lack of case law and legal literature regarding plant deliveries pursuant to ABA 99 creates uncertainty with regard to interpretation of the standard-form contract’s provisions. These uncertainties are especially prevalent when interpreting the limitation of liability clause in ABA 99. The purpose of this essay is to analyse how the limitation of liability in ABA 99 should be interpreted, and whether there is a need to limit its legal effect.

Case law from recent years has move away from the traditional view, that limitations of liability are subject to restrictive interpretation. The Swedish Supreme Court has stated that judicial supervision of such clauses should preferably be exercised within the framework of article 36 of the... (More)
The lack of case law and legal literature regarding plant deliveries pursuant to ABA 99 creates uncertainty with regard to interpretation of the standard-form contract’s provisions. These uncertainties are especially prevalent when interpreting the limitation of liability clause in ABA 99. The purpose of this essay is to analyse how the limitation of liability in ABA 99 should be interpreted, and whether there is a need to limit its legal effect.

Case law from recent years has move away from the traditional view, that limitations of liability are subject to restrictive interpretation. The Swedish Supreme Court has stated that judicial supervision of such clauses should preferably be exercised within the framework of article 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act, commonly referred to as “open control”. The limitation of liability clause in ABA 99 cannot be considered excessive in and of itself. Therefore, a court must determine whether the limitation of liability constitutes an unreasonable balancing of risks between the parties, with due regard to all relevant circumstances at hand, through an assessment of excessiveness. Among other things, the assessment should consider the degree of negligence, whether the breacher of the contract had a legitimate interest in limiting his liability, and the nature and extent of the breach of contract. Before carrying out the assessment, the subject of the agreement must be ascertained. This is done through interpretation of the contract.

The interpretation of contracts is largely governed by the same set of principles. However, there can be some deviations depending on the type of contract and the form of contract. In several construction contract disputes, the Supreme Court has stated that it is logical to consider what would have applied under dispositive law when interpreting such contractual provisions, but that it may be justified to limit the impact of such considerations, due to the special features of construction contracts. This is done through an overall assessment of reasonableness.

Considering the similarities between construction contracts and plant deliveries, this essay has investigated whether an such an overall assessment of reasonableness should also be carried out when interpreting certain provisions in ABA 99. The conclusion of the investigation is that it is not possible to determine to which type of contract plant deliveries according to ABA 99 generally belong. Instead, this must be determined in the individual case. However, statements found in the judgements of the Swedish Supreme Court and legal doctrine support classifying plant deliveries pursuant to ABA 99 as an independent form of contracts. If this is the case, one could argue that there is a need for an overall assessment of reasonableness when interpreting the provisions of ABA 99 in the light of what would have applied under dispositive legal rules.

Furthermore, this essay shows that there could arise problems that cannot be interpreted to be regulated by the provisions of ABA 99. The right to sanctions is then limited by the limitation of liability under article 25.1 of the contract. In some cases, this may mean a deviation from what had applied under dispositive law, in such a way that it results in an unreasonable balance of risks between the parties.

The essay concludes that the limitation of liability cannot be considered unreasonable in itself, but that its extensive legal effects should in several cases result in unfairness, whereupon it is justified to limit its effect in accordance with article 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Vestgöte Norell, Jacob LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Limitation of liability in ABA 99
course
JURM02 20221
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Förmögenhetsrätt, avtalsrätt, ABA 99, ansvarsbegränsning, friskrivning
language
Swedish
id
9080489
date added to LUP
2022-06-16 09:40:08
date last changed
2022-06-16 09:40:08
@misc{9080489,
  abstract     = {{The lack of case law and legal literature regarding plant deliveries pursuant to ABA 99 creates uncertainty with regard to interpretation of the standard-form contract’s provisions. These uncertainties are especially prevalent when interpreting the limitation of liability clause in ABA 99. The purpose of this essay is to analyse how the limitation of liability in ABA 99 should be interpreted, and whether there is a need to limit its legal effect.

Case law from recent years has move away from the traditional view, that limitations of liability are subject to restrictive interpretation. The Swedish Supreme Court has stated that judicial supervision of such clauses should preferably be exercised within the framework of article 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act, commonly referred to as “open control”. The limitation of liability clause in ABA 99 cannot be considered excessive in and of itself. Therefore, a court must determine whether the limitation of liability constitutes an unreasonable balancing of risks between the parties, with due regard to all relevant circumstances at hand, through an assessment of excessiveness. Among other things, the assessment should consider the degree of negligence, whether the breacher of the contract had a legitimate interest in limiting his liability, and the nature and extent of the breach of contract. Before carrying out the assessment, the subject of the agreement must be ascertained. This is done through interpretation of the contract.

The interpretation of contracts is largely governed by the same set of principles. However, there can be some deviations depending on the type of contract and the form of contract. In several construction contract disputes, the Supreme Court has stated that it is logical to consider what would have applied under dispositive law when interpreting such contractual provisions, but that it may be justified to limit the impact of such considerations, due to the special features of construction contracts. This is done through an overall assessment of reasonableness.

Considering the similarities between construction contracts and plant deliveries, this essay has investigated whether an such an overall assessment of reasonableness should also be carried out when interpreting certain provisions in ABA 99. The conclusion of the investigation is that it is not possible to determine to which type of contract plant deliveries according to ABA 99 generally belong. Instead, this must be determined in the individual case. However, statements found in the judgements of the Swedish Supreme Court and legal doctrine support classifying plant deliveries pursuant to ABA 99 as an independent form of contracts. If this is the case, one could argue that there is a need for an overall assessment of reasonableness when interpreting the provisions of ABA 99 in the light of what would have applied under dispositive legal rules. 

Furthermore, this essay shows that there could arise problems that cannot be interpreted to be regulated by the provisions of ABA 99. The right to sanctions is then limited by the limitation of liability under article 25.1 of the contract. In some cases, this may mean a deviation from what had applied under dispositive law, in such a way that it results in an unreasonable balance of risks between the parties. 

The essay concludes that the limitation of liability cannot be considered unreasonable in itself, but that its extensive legal effects should in several cases result in unfairness, whereupon it is justified to limit its effect in accordance with article 36 of the Swedish Contracts Act.}},
  author       = {{Vestgöte Norell, Jacob}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Ansvarsbegränsning i ABA 99}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}