Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Slopad ungdomsreduktion för unga lagöverträdare vid allvarlig brottslighet - eller? En rättssäkerhetsanalys om de förmildrande omständigheternas uppfångande av unga lagöverträdare som inte längre omfattas av ungdomsreduktionen

Svensson, Maja LU (2022) JURM02 20221
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Unga lagöverträdare upp till tjugoett år har sedan länge särbehandlats i den svenska straffrätten. Detta kommer främst till uttryck genom den så kallade ungdomsreduktionen i 29 kap. 7 § BrB, vilken bland annat motiveras med unga lagöverträdares outvecklade ansvarsförmåga och större sanktionskänslighet i relation till vuxna. Ungdomsreduktionen slopades delvis den 2 januari 2022 och unga lagöverträdare mellan arton och tjugoett år, som begår allvarliga brott, omfattas inte längre av bestämmelsen. Såväl utredningen som remissinstanser framförde att lagändringen kan innebära att 29 kap. 3 § första stycket 3 BrB kommer tillämpas i större utsträckning i relation till den tilltalades unga ålder istället.
Uppsatsen syftar till att utreda om och i... (More)
Unga lagöverträdare upp till tjugoett år har sedan länge särbehandlats i den svenska straffrätten. Detta kommer främst till uttryck genom den så kallade ungdomsreduktionen i 29 kap. 7 § BrB, vilken bland annat motiveras med unga lagöverträdares outvecklade ansvarsförmåga och större sanktionskänslighet i relation till vuxna. Ungdomsreduktionen slopades delvis den 2 januari 2022 och unga lagöverträdare mellan arton och tjugoett år, som begår allvarliga brott, omfattas inte längre av bestämmelsen. Såväl utredningen som remissinstanser framförde att lagändringen kan innebära att 29 kap. 3 § första stycket 3 BrB kommer tillämpas i större utsträckning i relation till den tilltalades unga ålder istället.
Uppsatsen syftar till att utreda om och i sådana fall på vilket sätt unga lagöverträdares ungdom kan utgöra en förmildrande omständighet. Vidare syftar uppsatsen till att analysera detta resultat ur ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv. Utredningen görs med hjälp av den rättsanalytiska metoden för att fastställa samt analysera gällande rätt med hjälp av auktoritativa rättskällor. Även hovrättsdomar analyseras för att fastställa den praktiska tillämpningen av 29 kap. 3 § första stycket 3 BrB. Aleksander Peczeniks rättssäkerhetsteori används som verktyg för att analysera lagändringens förhållning till rättssäkerhetsperspektivet. Rättssäkerhetsteorin behandlar den formella samt den materiella rättssäkerheten som utgör två intressen vid rättstillämpningen som bör vara balanserade. Den formella rättssäkerheten berör likhetsprincipen och förutsebarhet medan den materiella rättssäkerheten behandlar etiska värden och rättviseresonemang.
I analysen konstaterar jag att rättsläget är relativt oklart gällande tillämpningen 29 kap. 3 § första stycket 3 BrB efter lagändringen. Det kan konstateras att bestämmelsen kräver att den unga lagöverträdaren har en bristande utveckling, erfarenhet eller omdömesförmåga som har stått i
3
samband med dennes handlande. Det krävs vidare att denna brist ska vara avvikande från de av den tilltalade jämförbara personer, exempelvis ungdomar i samma ålder, vilket i regel har efterlevts i berörd hovrättspraxis. Bestämmelsen har dock sällan tillämpats och det finns inga tydliga riktlinjer kring dess tillämpning utifrån förarbeten, rättspraxis eller doktrin. Utifrån berörd rättspraxis torde det dock inte krävas väsentliga avvikande brister. Möjligtvis krävs i vart fall att den unga lagöverträdaren inte är som lika mogen i relation till andra i dennes ålder.
Utifrån Peczeniks rättssäkerhetsteori kan det oklara rättsläget föranleda problematik. Det oklara rättsläget innebär att förutsebarheten och allas likhet inför lagen som teorin förespråkar är svåra att upprätthålla, eftersom det inte finns tydliga riktlinjer att förhålla sig till. Inte minst behandlar frågan moraliska aspekter eftersom ungdomar enligt forskning, bland annat, har större sanktionskänslighet och en outvecklad ansvarsförmåga i relation till vuxna. Det har även i flertalet rättskällor anförts att den tilltalades unga ålder alltid bör beaktas vid påföljdsbestämningen. Dessa aspekter kan innebära att den tilltalades ungdom kan bedömas som en förmildrande omständighet i större utsträckning, vilket kanske inte är intentionen med bestämmelsen. (Less)
Abstract
Young offenders up to twenty-one years of age have during a long time been treated differently in Swedish criminal law. This has mainly been expressed through the, so-called, youth reduction, which applies to young offenders up to twenty-one years of age in general. The youth reduction is motivated by, among other things, young offenders undeveloped ability to take responsibility and the fact that they have a greater sanction sensitivity than adults. The youth reduction was partially abolished by an amendment to the law on January 2, 2022. The abolition means that the youth reduction no longer applies to young offenders, over the age of eighteen, who have committed serious crimes. They can therefore be sentenced to the same criminal... (More)
Young offenders up to twenty-one years of age have during a long time been treated differently in Swedish criminal law. This has mainly been expressed through the, so-called, youth reduction, which applies to young offenders up to twenty-one years of age in general. The youth reduction is motivated by, among other things, young offenders undeveloped ability to take responsibility and the fact that they have a greater sanction sensitivity than adults. The youth reduction was partially abolished by an amendment to the law on January 2, 2022. The abolition means that the youth reduction no longer applies to young offenders, over the age of eighteen, who have committed serious crimes. They can therefore be sentenced to the same criminal sanctions as adults. The inquiry to the amendment to the law stated that the abolition could mean that the regulation about mitigating circumstances in Swedish law may be applied to a greater extent in relation to the young age of the offender.

This essay aims to investigate whether and, in such case, in what way the youth of the young offender can be seen as a mitigating circumstance. Furthermore, this essay aims to analyze this result from a legal certainty perspective. In this essay I use the legal analytical method to analyze the meaning and application of the youth reduction and the mitigating circumstances based on authoritative sources of law. Decisions of the Court of Appeal are also being analyzed to determine the practical application of the mitigating circumstances in relation to the youth of the offender. Aleksander Peczenik’s legal certainty theory is used as a tool to analyze the relationship between the current legal situation and the legal certainty perspective. According to this theory, the legal certainty is divided into formal and material legal certainty, which constitutes two interests in the application of law that should be balanced. Formal legal certainty is about the principle of equality and predictability, while the material legal certainty focuses on ethical values and justice.
In the analysis I conclude that the legal situation is unclear regarding the application of the mitigating circumstances in relation to the youth of the offender. The provision of law requires that the young offender has a lack of development, experience of judgement that has been associated with the offender’s actions. It is further required that this lack must deviate from those of the offenders comparable persons, for example young people of the same age. However, the provision has rarely been applied and there are no clear guidelines regarding its application based on preparatory work, case law or doctrine. However, based on the case law, no significant deviations should be required.

Based on Peczenik’s legal certainty theory, the unclear legal situation is problematic. The unclear legal situation means that the predictability and principle of equality are difficult to maintain, as there are no clear guidelines. Furthermore, the issue deals with moral aspects because, according to research, young people have a greater sensitivity to sanctions and an undeveloped ability to take responsibility for their actions in relation to adults. It has also been stated in most legal sources that the youth of the offender always should be considered when determining the sanction. These aspects may mean that the youth of the offender can be assessed as a mitigating circumstance to a greater extent, which may not be the intention of the provision of law. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Svensson, Maja LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Abolished reduction for young offenders that commit serious crimes? A legal certainty analysis about the young offenders possibility to get their youth considered as a mitigating circumstance after no longer being covered by the youth reduction
course
JURM02 20221
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Ungdomsreduktion, Förmildrande omständigheter, Rättssäkerhet
language
Swedish
id
9080616
date added to LUP
2022-06-13 13:00:45
date last changed
2022-06-13 13:00:45
@misc{9080616,
  abstract     = {{Young offenders up to twenty-one years of age have during a long time been treated differently in Swedish criminal law. This has mainly been expressed through the, so-called, youth reduction, which applies to young offenders up to twenty-one years of age in general. The youth reduction is motivated by, among other things, young offenders undeveloped ability to take responsibility and the fact that they have a greater sanction sensitivity than adults. The youth reduction was partially abolished by an amendment to the law on January 2, 2022. The abolition means that the youth reduction no longer applies to young offenders, over the age of eighteen, who have committed serious crimes. They can therefore be sentenced to the same criminal sanctions as adults. The inquiry to the amendment to the law stated that the abolition could mean that the regulation about mitigating circumstances in Swedish law may be applied to a greater extent in relation to the young age of the offender.

This essay aims to investigate whether and, in such case, in what way the youth of the young offender can be seen as a mitigating circumstance. Furthermore, this essay aims to analyze this result from a legal certainty perspective. In this essay I use the legal analytical method to analyze the meaning and application of the youth reduction and the mitigating circumstances based on authoritative sources of law. Decisions of the Court of Appeal are also being analyzed to determine the practical application of the mitigating circumstances in relation to the youth of the offender. Aleksander Peczenik’s legal certainty theory is used as a tool to analyze the relationship between the current legal situation and the legal certainty perspective. According to this theory, the legal certainty is divided into formal and material legal certainty, which constitutes two interests in the application of law that should be balanced. Formal legal certainty is about the principle of equality and predictability, while the material legal certainty focuses on ethical values and justice. 
In the analysis I conclude that the legal situation is unclear regarding the application of the mitigating circumstances in relation to the youth of the offender. The provision of law requires that the young offender has a lack of development, experience of judgement that has been associated with the offender’s actions. It is further required that this lack must deviate from those of the offenders comparable persons, for example young people of the same age. However, the provision has rarely been applied and there are no clear guidelines regarding its application based on preparatory work, case law or doctrine. However, based on the case law, no significant deviations should be required. 

Based on Peczenik’s legal certainty theory, the unclear legal situation is problematic. The unclear legal situation means that the predictability and principle of equality are difficult to maintain, as there are no clear guidelines. Furthermore, the issue deals with moral aspects because, according to research, young people have a greater sensitivity to sanctions and an undeveloped ability to take responsibility for their actions in relation to adults. It has also been stated in most legal sources that the youth of the offender always should be considered when determining the sanction. These aspects may mean that the youth of the offender can be assessed as a mitigating circumstance to a greater extent, which may not be the intention of the provision of law.}},
  author       = {{Svensson, Maja}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Slopad ungdomsreduktion för unga lagöverträdare vid allvarlig brottslighet - eller? En rättssäkerhetsanalys om de förmildrande omständigheternas uppfångande av unga lagöverträdare som inte längre omfattas av ungdomsreduktionen}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}