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Ung och dum - proportionerligt att ignorera? En analys av hur avskaffandet av ungdomsreduktionen för unga myndiga förhåller sig till proportionalitetsprincipen

Tell, Agnes LU (2022) LAGF03 20221
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Criminal law regarding offenders in the age group 18 to 20 years old, so called juvenile offenders, was changed extensively at the turn of the year. For a long time, Swedish juvenile offenders were subject to differential treatment due to their age, in the form of a reduced sentencing. Previous legislation meant that crimes committed before the age of 21 was to take the offender's young age into account. This resulted in a reduced sentencing, a so called “rebate” for juvenile offenders - a rebate that lessened the older the age of the juvenile. The primary reason for this different treatment was research regarding youth development, crime prevention and proportionality of punishment.

As serious and deadly violence between gangs has... (More)
Criminal law regarding offenders in the age group 18 to 20 years old, so called juvenile offenders, was changed extensively at the turn of the year. For a long time, Swedish juvenile offenders were subject to differential treatment due to their age, in the form of a reduced sentencing. Previous legislation meant that crimes committed before the age of 21 was to take the offender's young age into account. This resulted in a reduced sentencing, a so called “rebate” for juvenile offenders - a rebate that lessened the older the age of the juvenile. The primary reason for this different treatment was research regarding youth development, crime prevention and proportionality of punishment.

As serious and deadly violence between gangs has increased, so has the debate on the existence of the rebate for juvenile offenders. The question was subject to governmental inquiries and in 2017 the government appointed a special inquiry, “Ungdomsreduktionsutredningen”, to inquire how the rebate could be abolished. More and more people have called for the rebate to be scrapped, and when the Swedish government introduced its 34-point program to combat gang violence in 2019, the government too called for it to be scrapped. By autumn 2021 the bill to abolish the rebate for juvenile offenders charged with committing serious crimes was put on the floor of the Swedish Parliament. As of the second of January 2022 the rebate for serious crimes committed by juvenile offenders has been abolished.

The inquiry found that research regarding youth development did not support an abolishment of the rebate. Instead the government argued that the principle of proportionality was the reason for the change in legislation. The argument of the government was that the sentencing has to be in relation to the crime in accordance with the principle of proportionality, something which contradicts the existence of a rebate for juvenile offenders. The principle of proportionality is a core principle of the justice system and is of great importance for how punishment is to be handed out. The principle is mainly based on the idea that the reaction of the law is to be fair, and that a punishment is fair if it is proportionate to the seriousness of the crime. To discern the meaning of the principle of proportionality one finds the following aspects: proportionality and culpability, proportionality and level of repression and proportionality and societal conventions. Although the principle is quite complex, making the government's decision to use it as grounds for the change of legislation worthy of scrutiny.

The purpose of this paper was thus to discuss how the new legislation relates to the principle of proportionality as well as examining how the legislation might be more compatible with the principle of proportionality than before, which was the intent of the government. The findings of this paper shows the following: how much influence different types of aspects of justice ought to have is constantly a question of demarcation, which in turn affects the meaning of the principle of proportionality. The paper also finds that the current legislation is more compatible with the principle compared with previous legislation, which is due to societal conventions seemingly being more influential than juvenile culpability in contemporary interpretation of the principle of proportionality. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Det straffrättsliga regelverket för lagöverträdare i åldersgruppen 18-20 år, så kallade unga myndiga lagöverträdare, genomgick vid årsskiftet stora förändringar. Under flera sekel var unga myndiga lagöverträdare i Sverige föremål för straffrättslig särbehandling i form av en ungdomsreduktion. Den tidigare regleringen innebar att för brott någon begått innan han eller hon fyllt 21 år skulle dennes ungdom särskilt beaktas. Detta resulterade i en straffnedsättning, en så kallad “straffrabatt” för unga myndiga lagöverträdare, som minskade i förhållande till ökad ålder. De centrala skälen för särbehandlingen var forskning avseende ungas utveckling, prevention och proportionalitet.

I takt med att grovt och dödligt våld ökat bland kriminella... (More)
Det straffrättsliga regelverket för lagöverträdare i åldersgruppen 18-20 år, så kallade unga myndiga lagöverträdare, genomgick vid årsskiftet stora förändringar. Under flera sekel var unga myndiga lagöverträdare i Sverige föremål för straffrättslig särbehandling i form av en ungdomsreduktion. Den tidigare regleringen innebar att för brott någon begått innan han eller hon fyllt 21 år skulle dennes ungdom särskilt beaktas. Detta resulterade i en straffnedsättning, en så kallad “straffrabatt” för unga myndiga lagöverträdare, som minskade i förhållande till ökad ålder. De centrala skälen för särbehandlingen var forskning avseende ungas utveckling, prevention och proportionalitet.

I takt med att grovt och dödligt våld ökat bland kriminella gäng har debatten angående straffrabattens vara eller icke-vara trappats upp de senaste åren. Frågan har varit föremål för statliga utredningar och 2017 beslutade regeringen att tillkalla en särskild utredning, “Ungdomsreduktionsutredningen”, för att utreda hur ett slopande av straffrabatten kunde genomföras. Allt fler röster har också höjts för att slopa straffrabatten för unga myndiga lagöverträdare och när den svenska regeringen presenterade sitt 34-punktsprogram mot gängkriminalitet 2019 var slopad straffrabatt för unga myndiga vid allvarlig brottslighet en av punkterna. Hösten 2021 överlämnades propositionen om slopad straffrabatt för unga myndiga vid allvarlig brottslighet till riksdagen och sedan 2 januari 2022 är ungdomsreduktionen för unga myndiga avskaffad vid sådan brottslighet.

I Ungdomsreduktionsutredningen konstaterades att forskningen avseende ungas utveckling inte ger något stöd för ett avskaffande av reduktionen. Regeringen har istället angett ett ökat genomslag för proportionalitetsprincipen som skäl för lagändringen. De menar att för att straffet ska stå i proportion till brottet enligt proportionalitetsprincipen kan inte unga myndiga lagöverträdare omfattas av en straffrättslig särbehandling. Proportionalitetsprincipen är en central straffrättslig princip och har betydelse för frågan hur bestraffning bör ske. Proportionalitetsprincipen bygger främst på att den straffrättsliga reaktionen ska vara rättvis och att ett straff är rättvist om det står i proportion till brottets allvar. För att utröna proportionalitetsprincipens innebörd kan den redogöras för utifrån följande aspekter: proportionalitet och klandervärdhet, proportionalitet och repressionsnivå samt proportionalitet och samhälleliga konventioner. Principen är dock komplex och att använda proportionalitet som motivering för lagändringen i fråga är inte okomplicerat.

Mot bakgrund av detta har uppsatsens syfte varit att diskutera hur den nya regleringen förhåller sig till proportionalitetsprincipen samt undersöka huruvida den nya regleringen kan anses vara mer förenlig med proportionalitetsprincipen än tidigare, vilket varit lagstiftarens intention. I uppsatsens analys presenteras slutsatsen att hur stort inflytande olika typer av rättviseaspekter ska ges ständigt är en fråga om gränsdragning vilket påverkar proportionalitetsprincipens innebörd. Vidare konstateras att nuvarande reglering är mer förenlig med proportionalitetsprincipen än tidigare då samhälleliga konventioner till synes väger tyngre än ungas klandervärdhet i vår tids proportionalitetsprincipen. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Tell, Agnes LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20221
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Ungdomsreduktion, Straffrabatt, Unga myndiga lagöverträdare, Proportionalitetsprincipen
language
Swedish
id
9080762
date added to LUP
2022-06-28 11:23:00
date last changed
2022-06-28 11:23:00
@misc{9080762,
  abstract     = {{Criminal law regarding offenders in the age group 18 to 20 years old, so called juvenile offenders, was changed extensively at the turn of the year. For a long time, Swedish juvenile offenders were subject to differential treatment due to their age, in the form of a reduced sentencing. Previous legislation meant that crimes committed before the age of 21 was to take the offender's young age into account. This resulted in a reduced sentencing, a so called “rebate” for juvenile offenders - a rebate that lessened the older the age of the juvenile. The primary reason for this different treatment was research regarding youth development, crime prevention and proportionality of punishment. 

As serious and deadly violence between gangs has increased, so has the debate on the existence of the rebate for juvenile offenders. The question was subject to governmental inquiries and in 2017 the government appointed a special inquiry, “Ungdomsreduktionsutredningen”, to inquire how the rebate could be abolished. More and more people have called for the rebate to be scrapped, and when the Swedish government introduced its 34-point program to combat gang violence in 2019, the government too called for it to be scrapped. By autumn 2021 the bill to abolish the rebate for juvenile offenders charged with committing serious crimes was put on the floor of the Swedish Parliament. As of the second of January 2022 the rebate for serious crimes committed by juvenile offenders has been abolished.

The inquiry found that research regarding youth development did not support an abolishment of the rebate. Instead the government argued that the principle of proportionality was the reason for the change in legislation. The argument of the government was that the sentencing has to be in relation to the crime in accordance with the principle of proportionality, something which contradicts the existence of a rebate for juvenile offenders. The principle of proportionality is a core principle of the justice system and is of great importance for how punishment is to be handed out. The principle is mainly based on the idea that the reaction of the law is to be fair, and that a punishment is fair if it is proportionate to the seriousness of the crime. To discern the meaning of the principle of proportionality one finds the following aspects: proportionality and culpability, proportionality and level of repression and proportionality and societal conventions. Although the principle is quite complex, making the government's decision to use it as grounds for the change of legislation worthy of scrutiny. 

The purpose of this paper was thus to discuss how the new legislation relates to the principle of proportionality as well as examining how the legislation might be more compatible with the principle of proportionality than before, which was the intent of the government. The findings of this paper shows the following: how much influence different types of aspects of justice ought to have is constantly a question of demarcation, which in turn affects the meaning of the principle of proportionality. The paper also finds that the current legislation is more compatible with the principle compared with previous legislation, which is due to societal conventions seemingly being more influential than juvenile culpability in contemporary interpretation of the principle of proportionality.}},
  author       = {{Tell, Agnes}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Ung och dum - proportionerligt att ignorera? En analys av hur avskaffandet av ungdomsreduktionen för unga myndiga förhåller sig till proportionalitetsprincipen}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}