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Solceller på Sysavs återvinningscentraler och avfallsanläggningar – en undersökning av potentialen för produktion av solel

Wallén, Sara LU (2022) MVKM01 20221
Department of Energy Sciences
Abstract
Todays society is moving towards electrification. This means that more renewable energy is needed. In the southern parts of Sweden the energy consumption is far greater than the production and the electricity prices are rising. Sysav is a company that takes care of the waste and recycling. They have 16 facilities in the south of Skåne, including landfills. Sysav has a vision to contribute to the renewable energy production by installing solar panels on their facilities and landfills.

This study aims to examine the conditions for installing solar panels on two chosen facilities. The intent is also to give an idea of the financial investment and whether it is profitable or not. The goal is to present a plan for how solar panels can be... (More)
Todays society is moving towards electrification. This means that more renewable energy is needed. In the southern parts of Sweden the energy consumption is far greater than the production and the electricity prices are rising. Sysav is a company that takes care of the waste and recycling. They have 16 facilities in the south of Skåne, including landfills. Sysav has a vision to contribute to the renewable energy production by installing solar panels on their facilities and landfills.

This study aims to examine the conditions for installing solar panels on two chosen facilities. The intent is also to give an idea of the financial investment and whether it is profitable or not. The goal is to present a plan for how solar panels can be used by Sysav, any permits needed, the installation method and also the investment calculations. The investigation is divided into two cases. Case 1 looks at the landfill Måsalycke and case 2 looks at Bunkeflo recycling center. In case 2 the usage of battery storage is also examined.

Interviews were conducted with persons involved in solar projects on other landfills, PV-system suppliers and the county administrative board. Visits on the chosen facilities was made to look further into the specific conditions on that site. The possible electricity production was simulated using System advisor model (SAM). This was later used to aid the financial calculations. The calculations used a few different methods such as net present value, Pay-back, internal rate of return and levelized cost of electricity, LCOE. The calculations were made with two different electricity prices, price 1 was based on the average spot price between 2012-2020 and price 2 was based on the average from 2021-2022. In this case price 2 is considerably higher than price 1. The calculations of the recycling central also looked at different levels of self-use, meaning the level of produced electricity to be used directly at the facility.

It was shown that the landfill could house a 5 MWp PV-system, resulting in an investment of 39 million SEK. This investment would be profitable if the electricity price stayed at a high level, like price 2. The calculations showed a pay-back time of 6 years, the internal rate of return was 14 \% and the net present value was 79.6 million. The installation off solar panels on the landfill can be made using different methods. It could be made using a ballast system with concrete foundations or a method using plastic boxes. It could also be made using ground screws or the TreeSystem that forms a root system in the ground. However, the supervisory authority of the landfill must approve the installation with the requirement that it does not damage the final coverage of the landfill.

The recycling center has the space for a 45 kWp PV-system. This results in an investment of 527 thousand SEK without battery storage and 992 thousand SEK with battery storage. The result showed that using battery storage will not be profitable, because the cost of the battery is too high. The investment without the battery is profitable when using electricity price 2, the higher price. It was also shown that it was profitable if there was a high level of self-use, close to 100 \%. Since the electricity price for buying is higher than for selling a higher level of self-use results in more savings from not having to buy the electricity. The calculations showed that for electricity price 2, depending on the level of self-use the pay-back time was between 7-9 years, where 7 years is for 100 \% self-use. The internal rate of return was between 10-12 \% and the net present value was between 781-983 thousand SEK, where 12 \% and 983 thousand SEK was with 100 \% self-use.
The space for solar panel at the recycling central is limited and the available space is not enough to be able to be self-sufficient of electricity during the year.

Conclusively, the study showed that solar panels on the landfill and recycling central is profitable if the electricity prices stay at a high level, like in price 2. Even if the electricity price is decrease there are other aspects to consider as well, like the sustainable image it provides or how it uses an otherwise unusable space, that is the landfill, to contribute with something good to the society. However, the high uncertainty of future electricity prices and the solar market makes the investment a financial risk. (Less)
Popular Abstract (Swedish)
Dagens samhälle håller på att elektrifieras och mer förnybar energi behövs, speciellt i södra Sverige där förbrukningen av el är betydligt högre än produktionen. Även elpriserna håller på att förändras och är just nu på väldigt höga nivåer. Sysav är ett avfallsaktiebolag i Skåne med 16 anläggningar, däribland soptippar även kallade deponiner. Sysav vill bidra till den förnybara energiproduktionen genom att installera solceller på deras anläggningar.

Denna studie har som syfte att undersöka förutsättningarna för att installera solceller på två utvalda anläggningar hos Sysav. Syftet var även att ge en bild över den ekonomiska investering som krävs och om den skulle bli lönsam.
Målet var att ge insikt i hur solceller kan användas av... (More)
Dagens samhälle håller på att elektrifieras och mer förnybar energi behövs, speciellt i södra Sverige där förbrukningen av el är betydligt högre än produktionen. Även elpriserna håller på att förändras och är just nu på väldigt höga nivåer. Sysav är ett avfallsaktiebolag i Skåne med 16 anläggningar, däribland soptippar även kallade deponiner. Sysav vill bidra till den förnybara energiproduktionen genom att installera solceller på deras anläggningar.

Denna studie har som syfte att undersöka förutsättningarna för att installera solceller på två utvalda anläggningar hos Sysav. Syftet var även att ge en bild över den ekonomiska investering som krävs och om den skulle bli lönsam.
Målet var att ge insikt i hur solceller kan användas av Sysav, eventuella tillstånd som behövs och olika installeringsmetoder, samt även en investeringskalkyl.
Undersökningen delades in i två fall, fall 1 tittade på deponin och fall 2 undersökte återvinningscentralen, ÅVC:en. På ÅVC:en undersöktes även batterilagring som en möjlighet.

Det genomfördes intervjuer med personer inblandade i solcellsprojekt på deponier och även med solcellsleverantörer och länsstyrelsen.
Studiebesök på de valda anläggningarna genomfördes för att skapa en bild över förutsättningarna på platsen. Den möjliga elproduktionen simulerades i System advisor model (SAM), som sedan användes för att genomföra investeringskalkylen. Denna använde ett flertal olika metoder däribland; nuvärdesmetoden, interränta och återbetalningstid. Även Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) beräknades. För kalkylen användes två olika elpriset, elpris 1 som baserades på det genomsnittliga spotpriset år 2012 - 2020 och elpris 2 som baserades på genomsnittliga spotpriset år 2021-2022. Där elpris 2 är betydligt högre än elpris 1. Beräkningarna för ÅVC:en tittade även på olika grader av egenanvändning, det vill säga hur stor grad av den producerade elen som användes direkt på anläggningen.

Det visade sig att deponin har plats till en 5 MWp solcellsanläggning, vilket resulterar i en investering på runt 39 miljoner kronor. Denna investering blir lönsam om elpriset är högt, enligt elpris 2. Investeringskalkylen får då en återbetalningstid på 6 år, internräntan blir 14 \% vilket är högre än kalkylräntan på 5.5 \% och nuvärdet blir 79.6 miljoner kronor. Installeringen på deponin kan ske med flera olika metoder, till exempel ballast system i form av betongfundament eller plastlådor. Det finns även metoder med markskruv eller TreeSystem som formar ett rotsystem i marken. Dock kommer tillsynsmyndigheten behöva godkänna installeringen, med kravet att det inte skadar sluttäckningen av deponin.

På ÅVC:en får det plats en 45 kWp anläggning som medför en investering på 527 tusen kronor utan batterilagring och 992 tusen kronor med batterilagring. Resultatet visade att en solcellsanläggning med batterilagring inte kommer vara lönsam, varken för elpris 1 eller elpris 2, eftersom kostnaden för batteriet är för hög. Investeringen utan batteri bli lönsam för elpris 2 men även för elpris 1 om egenanvändningen kan hållas på en hög nivå, nära 100 \%. Detta då inköpspriset på el är högre än försäljningspriset och en högre grad egenanvändning leder till en större sparad kostnad. Investeringskalkylen visade att för elpris 2 blir återbetalningstiden mellan 7-9 år, där 7 år är för 100 \% egenanvändning. Internränta blev mellan 10-12 \%, där 12 \% är för den högsta egenanvändningen. Nuvärdet blev mellan 781-983 tusen kronor, där 983 tusen kronor är för 100 \% egenanvändning. Då den tillgängliga ytan på ÅVC:en som är lämpad för solceller är begränsad, är det inte möjligt för ÅVC:en att bli självförsörjande av el under året.


Avslutningsvis visade arbetet att solceller på deponin och ÅVC:en är en ekonomiskt lönsam investering så länge elpriset håller sig högt. Även om elpriset skulle sjunka finns det andra aspekter att ha hänsyn till. Till exempel hur det använder deponins annars svåranvända yta och hur det bidrar med förnybar el till samhället. Dock finns det ändå stora osäkerheter i framtidens elpris och även i priset på solceller, vilket gör det till en riskfylld investering. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Wallén, Sara LU
supervisor
organization
course
MVKM01 20221
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
keywords
deponi, solceller, återvinningscentral, solel, lönsamhet
report number
LUTMDN/TMHP-22/5503-SE
ISSN
0282-1990
language
Swedish
id
9092254
date added to LUP
2022-06-22 13:11:50
date last changed
2022-06-22 13:11:50
@misc{9092254,
  abstract     = {{Todays society is moving towards electrification. This means that more renewable energy is needed. In the southern parts of Sweden the energy consumption is far greater than the production and the electricity prices are rising. Sysav is a company that takes care of the waste and recycling. They have 16 facilities in the south of Skåne, including landfills. Sysav has a vision to contribute to the renewable energy production by installing solar panels on their facilities and landfills. 

This study aims to examine the conditions for installing solar panels on two chosen facilities. The intent is also to give an idea of the financial investment and whether it is profitable or not. The goal is to present a plan for how solar panels can be used by Sysav, any permits needed, the installation method and also the investment calculations. The investigation is divided into two cases. Case 1 looks at the landfill Måsalycke and case 2 looks at Bunkeflo recycling center. In case 2 the usage of battery storage is also examined. 

Interviews were conducted with persons involved in solar projects on other landfills, PV-system suppliers and the county administrative board. Visits on the chosen facilities was made to look further into the specific conditions on that site. The possible electricity production was simulated using System advisor model (SAM). This was later used to aid the financial calculations. The calculations used a few different methods such as net present value, Pay-back, internal rate of return and levelized cost of electricity, LCOE. The calculations were made with two different electricity prices, price 1 was based on the average spot price between 2012-2020 and price 2 was based on the average from 2021-2022. In this case price 2 is considerably higher than price 1. The calculations of the recycling central also looked at different levels of self-use, meaning the level of produced electricity to be used directly at the facility. 

It was shown that the landfill could house a 5 MWp PV-system, resulting in an investment of 39 million SEK. This investment would be profitable if the electricity price stayed at a high level, like price 2. The calculations showed a pay-back time of 6 years, the internal rate of return was 14 \% and the net present value was 79.6 million. The installation off solar panels on the landfill can be made using different methods. It could be made using a ballast system with concrete foundations or a method using plastic boxes. It could also be made using ground screws or the TreeSystem that forms a root system in the ground. However, the supervisory authority of the landfill must approve the installation with the requirement that it does not damage the final coverage of the landfill. 

The recycling center has the space for a 45 kWp PV-system. This results in an investment of 527 thousand SEK without battery storage and 992 thousand SEK with battery storage. The result showed that using battery storage will not be profitable, because the cost of the battery is too high. The investment without the battery is profitable when using electricity price 2, the higher price. It was also shown that it was profitable if there was a high level of self-use, close to 100 \%. Since the electricity price for buying is higher than for selling a higher level of self-use results in more savings from not having to buy the electricity. The calculations showed that for electricity price 2, depending on the level of self-use the pay-back time was between 7-9 years, where 7 years is for 100 \% self-use. The internal rate of return was between 10-12 \% and the net present value was between 781-983 thousand SEK, where 12 \% and 983 thousand SEK was with 100 \% self-use.
The space for solar panel at the recycling central is limited and the available space is not enough to be able to be self-sufficient of electricity during the year. 

Conclusively, the study showed that solar panels on the landfill and recycling central is profitable if the electricity prices stay at a high level, like in price 2. Even if the electricity price is decrease there are other aspects to consider as well, like the sustainable image it provides or how it uses an otherwise unusable space, that is the landfill, to contribute with something good to the society. However, the high uncertainty of future electricity prices and the solar market makes the investment a financial risk.}},
  author       = {{Wallén, Sara}},
  issn         = {{0282-1990}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Solceller på Sysavs återvinningscentraler och avfallsanläggningar – en undersökning av potentialen för produktion av solel}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}