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Stadsplaneringens betydelse för segregation i svenska städer - en kartläggning av kommunernas arbete mot segregation

Kjellberg, Annie LU and Chung, Lisa (2022) ASBM05 20221
Department of Architecture and Built Environment
Abstract (Swedish)
Segregation är ett föränderligt tillstånd som är komplext och påverkar såväl enskilda individer som samhället i stort. Exempelvis är stadsplaneringen en bakomliggande orsak som kan påverkar segregationen i en stad. För att det verkligen ska kunna ske en förbättring är det emellertid av stor vikt att åtgärder vidtas på olika plan och av olika aktörer.

Det ursprungliga syftet bakom arbete är att utreda stadsplaneringens påverkan på segregationen i svenska kommuner. Syftet med rapporten är därav att kartlägga kommunernas pågående arbete med att motverka segregation genom stadsplanering. Arbetet syftar också till att konstatera huruvida genomförda åtgärder följs upp och utvärderas. Dessutom identifieras verktygens påverkan på segregationen... (More)
Segregation är ett föränderligt tillstånd som är komplext och påverkar såväl enskilda individer som samhället i stort. Exempelvis är stadsplaneringen en bakomliggande orsak som kan påverkar segregationen i en stad. För att det verkligen ska kunna ske en förbättring är det emellertid av stor vikt att åtgärder vidtas på olika plan och av olika aktörer.

Det ursprungliga syftet bakom arbete är att utreda stadsplaneringens påverkan på segregationen i svenska kommuner. Syftet med rapporten är därav att kartlägga kommunernas pågående arbete med att motverka segregation genom stadsplanering. Arbetet syftar också till att konstatera huruvida genomförda åtgärder följs upp och utvärderas. Dessutom identifieras verktygens påverkan på segregationen och det utreds om stadsplanering är ett tillräckligt verktyg för att bryta den. Rapporten består dels av en litteraturstudie, dels av en empirisk studie. Den empiriska studien har genomförts genom intervjuer med tolv svenska kommuner och ett kommunalt bostadsbolag. Insamlad information har bearbetats genom en kvalitativ analys.

De stadsplaneringsverktyg som kommunerna använder sig av för att motverka och minska segregation kan delas in i två kategorier: icke-fysiska och fysiska verktyg. De icke-fysiska verktygen syftar till att möjliggöra användningen av de fysiska verktygen. Avgörande för hur arbetet inom stadsplanering mot segregation ser ut och vilka verktyg som tillämpas är bland annat politisk styrning, kommunalt markinnehav, kunskapen hos de yrkesverksamma samt hur segregationen ser ut inom kommunen.

Vad gäller hur kommunerna arbetar med uppföljning och utvärdering kan konstateras att detta arbete, i dagsläget, inte görs i önskvärd utsträckning. Detta uppges bero på att det saknas resurser i form av tid och pengar, det är svårt att veta hur lång tid efter färdigställande av ett projekt som resultaten är representativa samt att det är svårt att fastställa samband mellan åtgärd och effekt. Möjligheten till uppföljning påverkas även av att stadsplanering är ett långsamt verktyg. På grund av den begränsade mängden uppföljning som finns att tillgå har det varit svårt att bedöma verktygens effekter. De faktorer som har kunnat identifieras som betydelsefulla för resultatet utöver vilka verktyg som tillämpas är följande: i vilken ordning verktygen tillämpas, i vilka områden verktygen tillämpas samt hur verktygen tillämpas. Dessutom kan konstateras att verktygen inom stadsplanering inte är självständiga då de i viss mån är beroende av varandra och i många fall dessutom är beroende av sociala åtgärder.

Slutstsen är att svenska kommuner i dagsläget tillämpar en rad olika verktyg av såväl icke-fysisk som fysiskt karaktär, vilka gett upphov till varierande resultat i de studerade projekten. I och med att kommunerna idag inte arbetar med uppföljning samt utvärdering som de hade velat hade ett system för detta arbete behövts: ett system för entydiga resultat som yrkesverksamma har tillgång till i syfte att effektivisera sitt arbete mot segregation och främja kunskapsutbyte kommunerna emellan. Avslutningsvis kan sägas att stadsplanering kan skapa förutsättningar för en icke-segregerad stad men det krävs en mängd andra åtgärder för att se till att det skal som stadsplaneringen skapar fylls med önskvärda kvaliteter. (Less)
Abstract
Segregation is a changing condition that is complex and affects individuals but also the society. Urban planning is for example an underlying cause that can affect segregation in a city. However, in order for an improvement, it is of great importance that measures are taken at different levels and by different actors.

The primary purpose of the report was to study the impact that urban planning has on segregation in Swedish municipalities. The purpose of the report is therefore to describe the municipalities' ongoing work to counter segregation through urban planning. The thesis also aims to establish how implemented measures are followed up as well as evaluated. Furthermore, the thesis aim is to identify the tools' impact on... (More)
Segregation is a changing condition that is complex and affects individuals but also the society. Urban planning is for example an underlying cause that can affect segregation in a city. However, in order for an improvement, it is of great importance that measures are taken at different levels and by different actors.

The primary purpose of the report was to study the impact that urban planning has on segregation in Swedish municipalities. The purpose of the report is therefore to describe the municipalities' ongoing work to counter segregation through urban planning. The thesis also aims to establish how implemented measures are followed up as well as evaluated. Furthermore, the thesis aim is to identify the tools' impact on segregation and whether urban planning is methodology used.

The report consists of a literature study and of an empirical study. The empirical study was conducted through interviews with twelve Swedish municipalities and a municipal housing company. Collected information has been processed through a qualitative analysis.

The tools within urban planning that municipalities use to counteract and reduce segregation can be divided into two categories: non-physical and physical tools. The non-physical tools aim to enable the use of the physical tools. How municipalities work against segregation and which tools that are used depends on, among other things, political governance, municipal land ownership, the knowledge among the city planners and what consequences of segregation that affects the municipality.

At present the Swedish municipalities do not work with follow-up and evaluation of application of the tools as much as they desire. This is said to be due to lack of time and financial resources and difficulties with identifying how long after the completion of a project the results are representative. Moreover it is difficult to establish a connection between action and effect. The possibility of following up a project or tool is also affected by the fact that urban planning often extends over many years. Due to the limited amount of follow-up data available, it has been difficult to make conclusions about the effects of the tools. The factors that have been identified as significant for the result in addition to which tools are applied are the following: in which order the tools are applied, in which areas the tools are applied and how the tools are applied. In addition, it can be stated that the tools in urban planning are not independent as they, to some extent, depend on each other and in many cases also depend on social measures.

The conclusion is that Swedish municipalities currently apply a number of different tools of both non- physical and physical nature, which have resulted in varying results. As the municipalities today do not work with follow-up and evaluation as much as they would like, a qualified system for this is necessary ahead: a system for unequivocal results that professionals have access to in order to make their work against segregation more effective and exchange knowledge between municipalities. In conclusion, it can be said that urban planning can create the conditions for a non-segregated city, but a number of other measures are required to ensure that the frame that urban planning creates is filled with desirable qualities. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Kjellberg, Annie LU and Chung, Lisa
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The significance of urban planning for segregation in Swedish cities - a survey of Swedish municipalities' work against segregation
course
ASBM05 20221
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
keywords
Segregation, stadsplanering, stadsbyggnad, verktyg, kommun, uppföljning, urban design, city planning, municipality, tools, evaluation
language
Swedish
id
9094900
date added to LUP
2022-07-01 09:11:43
date last changed
2022-07-01 09:11:43
@misc{9094900,
  abstract     = {{Segregation is a changing condition that is complex and affects individuals but also the society. Urban planning is for example an underlying cause that can affect segregation in a city. However, in order for an improvement, it is of great importance that measures are taken at different levels and by different actors.

The primary purpose of the report was to study the impact that urban planning has on segregation in Swedish municipalities. The purpose of the report is therefore to describe the municipalities' ongoing work to counter segregation through urban planning. The thesis also aims to establish how implemented measures are followed up as well as evaluated. Furthermore, the thesis aim is to identify the tools' impact on segregation and whether urban planning is methodology used.

The report consists of a literature study and of an empirical study. The empirical study was conducted through interviews with twelve Swedish municipalities and a municipal housing company. Collected information has been processed through a qualitative analysis.

The tools within urban planning that municipalities use to counteract and reduce segregation can be divided into two categories: non-physical and physical tools. The non-physical tools aim to enable the use of the physical tools. How municipalities work against segregation and which tools that are used depends on, among other things, political governance, municipal land ownership, the knowledge among the city planners and what consequences of segregation that affects the municipality.

At present the Swedish municipalities do not work with follow-up and evaluation of application of the tools as much as they desire. This is said to be due to lack of time and financial resources and difficulties with identifying how long after the completion of a project the results are representative. Moreover it is difficult to establish a connection between action and effect. The possibility of following up a project or tool is also affected by the fact that urban planning often extends over many years. Due to the limited amount of follow-up data available, it has been difficult to make conclusions about the effects of the tools. The factors that have been identified as significant for the result in addition to which tools are applied are the following: in which order the tools are applied, in which areas the tools are applied and how the tools are applied. In addition, it can be stated that the tools in urban planning are not independent as they, to some extent, depend on each other and in many cases also depend on social measures.

The conclusion is that Swedish municipalities currently apply a number of different tools of both non- physical and physical nature, which have resulted in varying results. As the municipalities today do not work with follow-up and evaluation as much as they would like, a qualified system for this is necessary ahead: a system for unequivocal results that professionals have access to in order to make their work against segregation more effective and exchange knowledge between municipalities. In conclusion, it can be said that urban planning can create the conditions for a non-segregated city, but a number of other measures are required to ensure that the frame that urban planning creates is filled with desirable qualities.}},
  author       = {{Kjellberg, Annie and Chung, Lisa}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Stadsplaneringens betydelse för segregation i svenska städer - en kartläggning av kommunernas arbete mot segregation}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}