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Barnfridsbrottets påverkan på domstolens bedömningar i vårdnad, boende och umgängesfrågor

Johansson, Elin LU (2022) JURM02 20222
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
I Sverige har ungefär vart tionde barn någon gång blivit utsatt för att bevittna våld mellan sina föräldrar. Våld i nära relationer och barns bevittnande av familjevåld utgör således ett samhällsproblem. Den 1 juli 2021 infördes en ny straffbestämmelse om barnfridsbrott i 4 kap. 3 § BrB. Barnfridsbrottet innebär att det numera är straffbart att utsätta ett barn för att bevittna våld eller andra övergrepp i nära relation. Syftet med den nya straffbestämmelsen är således att barn som är utsatta för att bevittna våld ska uppmärksammas och ges skydd i större uträckning än som varit fallet tidigare.
Av 6 kap. 2 a § andra stycket FB framgår det att domstolen vid dess bedömning av vad som är bäst för barnet i vårdnad, boende och umgängesfrågor,... (More)
I Sverige har ungefär vart tionde barn någon gång blivit utsatt för att bevittna våld mellan sina föräldrar. Våld i nära relationer och barns bevittnande av familjevåld utgör således ett samhällsproblem. Den 1 juli 2021 infördes en ny straffbestämmelse om barnfridsbrott i 4 kap. 3 § BrB. Barnfridsbrottet innebär att det numera är straffbart att utsätta ett barn för att bevittna våld eller andra övergrepp i nära relation. Syftet med den nya straffbestämmelsen är således att barn som är utsatta för att bevittna våld ska uppmärksammas och ges skydd i större uträckning än som varit fallet tidigare.
Av 6 kap. 2 a § andra stycket FB framgår det att domstolen vid dess bedömning av vad som är bäst för barnet i vårdnad, boende och umgängesfrågor, ska fästa särskilt avseende vid risken att barnet far illa. Av paragrafen framgår att ett barn kan fara illa om någon annan i familjen utsätts för övergrepp, dvs. om ett barn bevittnar våld som förekommer inom familjen.
Det huvudsakliga syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om tanken med barnfridsbrottet är att det ska påverka domstolens bedömningar i vårdnad, boende och umgängesfrågor, samt hur brottet i så fall skulle kunna påverka. Mot bakgrund av att barnfridsbrottet är nytt och att det därav inte finns någon forskning om brottets påverkan på domstolens bedömningar i vårdnad, boende och umgängestvister så har jag utöver den rättsdogmatiska metoden använt mig av kvalitativa intervjuer för att ha möjlighet att uppnå syftet med uppsatsen. Intervjuerna har genomförts med tre domare från tre olika tingsrätter i södra Sverige.
Det går inte att med säkerhet säga om tanken med barnfridsbrottet är att det ska påverka domstolens bedömningar i vårdnad, boende och umgängesfrågor. Det finns dock mycket som talar för att tanken med brottet är att det ska påverka. Exempelvis så har Jämställdhetsmyndigheten i en nyligen släppt forskningsrapport nämnt att deras förhoppning med barnfridsbrottet är att det borde leda till att domstolarna i sina bedömningar lägger ett betydligt större fokus på barn som kan ha bevittnat eller upplevt våld, jämfört med hur sällan dessa barns utsatthet beaktas i kartläggningen som myndigheten genomfört. Vidare indikerar den tingsrättspraxis som finns på att en förälder kan anses olämplig som vårdnadshavare om den vid domstolens avgörande är dömd för barnfridsbrott. Vissa av respondenterna som intervjuades var även av uppfattningen att barnfridsbrottet skulle kunna påverka domstolens riskbedömning, samt helhetsbedömning av barnets bästa. (Less)
Abstract
In Sweden, approximately one in ten children has at some point been exposed to witnessing violence between their parents. Domestic violence and children´s witnessing of such can thus be said to constitute a social problem. On July 1, 2021, a new penalty provision of violation of a child´s integrity was introduced into Chapter 4. Section 3. Of the Swedish Criminal Code. The crime means that it is now a criminal offense to expose a child to witnessing domestic violence. The purpose of the new penalty provision is thus that children who are exposed to witnessing violence must be noticed and given protection to a greater extent than was the case before.
Parental Code Chapter 6. Section 2 a. states that the court when it determines what is in... (More)
In Sweden, approximately one in ten children has at some point been exposed to witnessing violence between their parents. Domestic violence and children´s witnessing of such can thus be said to constitute a social problem. On July 1, 2021, a new penalty provision of violation of a child´s integrity was introduced into Chapter 4. Section 3. Of the Swedish Criminal Code. The crime means that it is now a criminal offense to expose a child to witnessing domestic violence. The purpose of the new penalty provision is thus that children who are exposed to witnessing violence must be noticed and given protection to a greater extent than was the case before.
Parental Code Chapter 6. Section 2 a. states that the court when it determines what is in the best interest of the child must pay special attention to risk of the child being harmed. The section states that a child can be harmed if someone else in the family is abused, i.e. if a child witnesses violence occuring within the family.
The main purpose of the essay is to investigate whether the idea with the new penalty provision violation of a childs’s integrity is that it should influence the court’s assesments when it determines questions regarding custody, residence and visitation rights. Furthermore the purpose is to investigate how the crime could affect the court’s assesments. In order to answer the purpose of the essay, I have used the legal dogmatic method and qualitative interviews. The fact that it was necessary for me to use qualitative interviews is due to the fact that there is yet no research about the crime’s impact on the court’s assesments in matters of custody, the residence of the child and visitation rights. The interviews were conducted with three judges from three different district courts in southern Sweden.
It is not possible to say with certainty whether the idea with the penalty provision violation of a child’s integrity is that it will influence the court’s assesments when it determines questions regarding custody, residence and visitation rights. However there is much to suggest that the crime could have an impact on the court’s assesments. For example the Swedish gender equality agency has mentioned in a a recently released research that their hope with the crime is that it should lead to that the courts in their assesments put a signinificantly greater focus on children who may have witnessed or experienced violence, compared to how rarely these children’s vulnerability is taken into account in the court’s assesments today. Furthermore the practice that exists indicates that a parent can be considered unfit as a guardian if he or she is convicted of violation of a child’s integrity. Some of the respondents who were interviewed were also of the opinion that the crime could affect the courts’ risk assesments, as well as the assesment of the child’s best interests. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Johansson, Elin LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The impact of the penalty provision violation of a child’s integrity on the court’s assesments when it determines questions regarding custody, residence and visitation rights.
course
JURM02 20222
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
familjerätt, barnfridsbrott, riskbedömning, barnets bästa
language
Swedish
id
9104724
date added to LUP
2023-01-24 09:07:37
date last changed
2023-01-24 09:07:37
@misc{9104724,
  abstract     = {{In Sweden, approximately one in ten children has at some point been exposed to witnessing violence between their parents. Domestic violence and children´s witnessing of such can thus be said to constitute a social problem. On July 1, 2021, a new penalty provision of violation of a child´s integrity was introduced into Chapter 4. Section 3. Of the Swedish Criminal Code. The crime means that it is now a criminal offense to expose a child to witnessing domestic violence. The purpose of the new penalty provision is thus that children who are exposed to witnessing violence must be noticed and given protection to a greater extent than was the case before. 
Parental Code Chapter 6. Section 2 a. states that the court when it determines what is in the best interest of the child must pay special attention to risk of the child being harmed. The section states that a child can be harmed if someone else in the family is abused, i.e. if a child witnesses violence occuring within the family. 
The main purpose of the essay is to investigate whether the idea with the new penalty provision violation of a childs’s integrity is that it should influence the court’s assesments when it determines questions regarding custody, residence and visitation rights. Furthermore the purpose is to investigate how the crime could affect the court’s assesments. In order to answer the purpose of the essay, I have used the legal dogmatic method and qualitative interviews. The fact that it was necessary for me to use qualitative interviews is due to the fact that there is yet no research about the crime’s impact on the court’s assesments in matters of custody, the residence of the child and visitation rights. The interviews were conducted with three judges from three different district courts in southern Sweden. 
It is not possible to say with certainty whether the idea with the penalty provision violation of a child’s integrity is that it will influence the court’s assesments when it determines questions regarding custody, residence and visitation rights. However there is much to suggest that the crime could have an impact on the court’s assesments. For example the Swedish gender equality agency has mentioned in a a recently released research that their hope with the crime is that it should lead to that the courts in their assesments put a signinificantly greater focus on children who may have witnessed or experienced violence, compared to how rarely these children’s vulnerability is taken into account in the court’s assesments today. Furthermore the practice that exists indicates that a parent can be considered unfit as a guardian if he or she is convicted of violation of a child’s integrity. Some of the respondents who were interviewed were also of the opinion that the crime could affect the courts’ risk assesments, as well as the assesment of the child’s best interests.}},
  author       = {{Johansson, Elin}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Barnfridsbrottets påverkan på domstolens bedömningar i vårdnad, boende och umgängesfrågor}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}