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Blir det klart någon gång? - Särskilt om beställarens möjlighet att i kommersiella avtalsrelationer häva entreprenaden vid anteciperat kontraktsbrott.

Wald, Matilda LU (2022) JURM02 20222
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Den svenska entreprenadsektorn innehar en särställning inom obligationsrätten på så sätt att det saknas lagstiftning och att det ofta rör sig om komplexa avtalssituationer där den befintliga lagstiftningen inte är direkt tillämpbar. Entreprenaderna är ofta långa avtalsförhållanden som involverar flertalet parter och entreprenörer i flera led, samtidigt som hela entreprenaden i vissa fall kan vara väderberoende. Byggandets kontraktskommitté som består av representanter som representerar samtliga intressen i en entreprenad har av denna anledning avtalat fram ett standardavtal, AB 04. Detta standardavtal är både väl erkänt och etablerat inom entreprenadsektorn. För att standardavtalet ska vara giltigt mellan parterna krävs det att det på... (More)
Den svenska entreprenadsektorn innehar en särställning inom obligationsrätten på så sätt att det saknas lagstiftning och att det ofta rör sig om komplexa avtalssituationer där den befintliga lagstiftningen inte är direkt tillämpbar. Entreprenaderna är ofta långa avtalsförhållanden som involverar flertalet parter och entreprenörer i flera led, samtidigt som hela entreprenaden i vissa fall kan vara väderberoende. Byggandets kontraktskommitté som består av representanter som representerar samtliga intressen i en entreprenad har av denna anledning avtalat fram ett standardavtal, AB 04. Detta standardavtal är både väl erkänt och etablerat inom entreprenadsektorn. För att standardavtalet ska vara giltigt mellan parterna krävs det att det på något sätt införlivas i det enskilda avtalet.

AB 04 är ett omfattande standardavtal som behandlar många aspekter och situationer som kan uppstå i det kommersiella avtalsförhållandet mellan be-ställaren och köparen. Således finner man även en bestämmelse om hävning vid anteciperat kontraktsbrott i AB 04 kap. 8 § 1 p. 1. Emellertid kan inget avtalsvillkor eller klausul täcka upp alla möjliga situationer som kan uppstå och bestämmelsen är av den anledningen inte exklusiv eller uttömmande. Det öppnas därför upp en möjlighet att tillämpa dispositiv rätt och allmänna obligationsrättsliga principer vid oklara situationer.

Uppsatsen behandlar systematiskt hävningsbegreppet i förhållande till entreprenadrätten, för att utreda det komplexa begrepp hävningen visar sig vara och för att kunna konstatera vad som krävs för att en befogad hävning ska ligga för handen. Därefter undersöks möjligheten för beställaren att häva entreprenaden vid anteciperat kontraktsbrott då entreprenaden har försenats på något förhållande som beror på entreprenören. Det visar sig vara en komplicerad situation rent rättsligt där det finns frågetecken och luckor som sak-nar ett entydigt svar. Avslutningsvis behandlas rättsverkningarna av en hävning i en situation då beställaren får lov att häva entreprenaden på grund av det anteciperade kontraktsbrottet för att knyta ihop säcken om vad en hävning faktiskt innebär.

Slutsatsen blir att det saknas ett enhetligt hävningsbegrepp inom obligations-rätten, men att kravet på att kontraktsbrottet är väsentligt är en allmän princip som gäller övergripande. Möjligheten för beställaren att häva kontraktet vid anteciperat kontraktsbrott måste göras med utgångspunkt i vad som skett i det enskilda fallet. Vid oklarheter följer det av Högsta domstolens domar att en tolkning ska göras i ljuset av dispositiv rätt, men att den dispositiva rätten inte får ha allt för stort inflytande över entreprenadrätten. Eftersom det uppstår en svåravvägd gränsdragningsproblematik kring det fort-satta avtalsförhållandet efter en hävning måste det göras en individuell be-dömning om adekvata orsakssamband i frågan om entreprenörens fortsatta garantiansvar. Den sammanfattande slutsatsen är att det krävs en individuell bedömning som ofta är omfattande och komplex, och som också gör att beställaren riskerar att missbedöma kriterierna och på så sätt lämnar en obefogad hävningsförklaring. Att det är ett oklart rättsläge är tydligt, och den klassiska juridiska termen “det beror på” är vad som får avsluta denna sammanfattning. (Less)
Abstract
The Swedish construction sector holds a special position in the law of obligations because there is no legislation and there are often complex contractual situations where the existing legislation is not directly applicable. The contracts are often long-term contractual relationships that involve several parties and contractors in several stages, while the entire contract in some cases is fully dependent on the weather. For this reason, the Construction Contract Committee (BKK) which consists of representatives from all dif-ferent interests in the construction sector has agreed on a standard agreement, AB 04. This standard contract is both well recognized and established in the construction sector. For the standard contract to be valid... (More)
The Swedish construction sector holds a special position in the law of obligations because there is no legislation and there are often complex contractual situations where the existing legislation is not directly applicable. The contracts are often long-term contractual relationships that involve several parties and contractors in several stages, while the entire contract in some cases is fully dependent on the weather. For this reason, the Construction Contract Committee (BKK) which consists of representatives from all dif-ferent interests in the construction sector has agreed on a standard agreement, AB 04. This standard contract is both well recognized and established in the construction sector. For the standard contract to be valid between the parties, it is required that it becomes incorporated in some way into the individual agreement.

AB 04 is a comprehensive standard agreement that deals with many aspects and situations that may arise in the commercial contractual relationship be-tween the contractor and the buyer. Thus, a provision on canceling in the event of an anticipated breach of contract is also found in AB 04 chap. 8 § 1 p. 1. However, no contractual term or clause can cover all possible situations that may arise, and the provision is therefore not exclusive or exhaustive which opens an opportunity to apply dispositive law and general principles in unclear situations.
The thesis systematically deals with the concept of rescission of the contract in relation to construction law, in order to investigate the complex concept and be able to establish what is required for a justified rescission to be in hand. Thereafter, the possibility for the customer to cancel the contract in the event of an anticipated breach of contract is investigated when the con-tract has been delayed due to reasons that depends on the contractor. It turns out to be a complicated situation from a purely legal point of view, where there is a lack of an unequivocal answer. Finally, the legal effects of a rescission are dealt with in a situation where the client is allowed to cancel the contract due to the anticipated breach of contract in order to reach a conclusion to what a cancellation means.

The conclusion is that there is no uniform concept of rescission in the law of obligations, but the requirement that the breach of contract is essential is a general principle that applies overall. The possibility for the buyer to terminate the contract in the event of an anticipated breach of contract must be made based on what has happened in the individual case. In case of ambiguity, it follows from the Swedish Supreme Court's rulings that an interpretation should be made in the lure of dispositive law, but that the dispositive laws must not have too much influence over the construction sector. Since there is a difficulty to balance the demarcation regarding the continued con-tractual relationship after a termination, an individual assessment must be made of the adequacy of causal relationships in the question of the contrac-tor's continued warranty liability. The conclusion is that an individual as-sessment is required, which is often extensive and complex, and which also means that the client risks misjudging the criteria and thus submits an un-warranted declaration of cancellation. There is a vague legal situation, and the classic legal term 'it depends' is what may conclude this summary. (Less)
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author
Wald, Matilda LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Will it ever be finished? - The buyers possibility to cancel the contract in commercial contractual relationships in the event of an antecipated breach of thee contract.
course
JURM02 20222
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Entreprenadrätt, hävning av entreprenadkontrakt, AB 04 kap.8 § 1, anteciperat kontraktsbrott, kommersiella avtalsrelationer, förmögenhetsrätt, administrative law, avtalsrätt, entreprenadavtal
language
Swedish
id
9104811
date added to LUP
2023-01-25 14:55:03
date last changed
2023-01-25 14:55:03
@misc{9104811,
  abstract     = {{The Swedish construction sector holds a special position in the law of obligations because there is no legislation and there are often complex contractual situations where the existing legislation is not directly applicable. The contracts are often long-term contractual relationships that involve several parties and contractors in several stages, while the entire contract in some cases is fully dependent on the weather. For this reason, the Construction Contract Committee (BKK) which consists of representatives from all dif-ferent interests in the construction sector has agreed on a standard agreement, AB 04. This standard contract is both well recognized and established in the construction sector. For the standard contract to be valid between the parties, it is required that it becomes incorporated in some way into the individual agreement.

AB 04 is a comprehensive standard agreement that deals with many aspects and situations that may arise in the commercial contractual relationship be-tween the contractor and the buyer. Thus, a provision on canceling in the event of an anticipated breach of contract is also found in AB 04 chap. 8 § 1 p. 1. However, no contractual term or clause can cover all possible situations that may arise, and the provision is therefore not exclusive or exhaustive which opens an opportunity to apply dispositive law and general principles in unclear situations.
The thesis systematically deals with the concept of rescission of the contract in relation to construction law, in order to investigate the complex concept and be able to establish what is required for a justified rescission to be in hand. Thereafter, the possibility for the customer to cancel the contract in the event of an anticipated breach of contract is investigated when the con-tract has been delayed due to reasons that depends on the contractor. It turns out to be a complicated situation from a purely legal point of view, where there is a lack of an unequivocal answer. Finally, the legal effects of a rescission are dealt with in a situation where the client is allowed to cancel the contract due to the anticipated breach of contract in order to reach a conclusion to what a cancellation means. 

The conclusion is that there is no uniform concept of rescission in the law of obligations, but the requirement that the breach of contract is essential is a general principle that applies overall. The possibility for the buyer to terminate the contract in the event of an anticipated breach of contract must be made based on what has happened in the individual case. In case of ambiguity, it follows from the Swedish Supreme Court's rulings that an interpretation should be made in the lure of dispositive law, but that the dispositive laws must not have too much influence over the construction sector. Since there is a difficulty to balance the demarcation regarding the continued con-tractual relationship after a termination, an individual assessment must be made of the adequacy of causal relationships in the question of the contrac-tor's continued warranty liability. The conclusion is that an individual as-sessment is required, which is often extensive and complex, and which also means that the client risks misjudging the criteria and thus submits an un-warranted declaration of cancellation. There is a vague legal situation, and the classic legal term 'it depends' is what may conclude this summary.}},
  author       = {{Wald, Matilda}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Blir det klart någon gång? - Särskilt om beställarens möjlighet att i kommersiella avtalsrelationer häva entreprenaden vid anteciperat kontraktsbrott.}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}