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Skyddar våldtäktsbrottet alla offer? - En undersökning om våldtäktsbrottets utveckling efter 1965 års brottsbalk och dess skydd av offrens eventuella reaktioner

Lindau, Josefine LU (2022) LAGF03 20222
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera de olika förändringarna i lagstiftningen kring våldtäktsbrottet sedan brottsbalken beslutades 1962. Analysen kommer att fokusera på fyra olika förändringar som har funnits vara mest omfattande när det gäller brottet och diskussionerna som har ägt rum under lagstiftningsprocessen för dessa ändringar.

I samband med detta kommer fyra olika reaktioner en person kan uppleva vid en traumatisk händelse att undersökas och analyseras om de är skyddade genom våldtäktsbestämmelsen. I huvudsak, huruvida erfarenheten av offren som har reagerat på ett av de fyra sätten fortfarande kan betraktas som våldtäkt. Om några av reaktionerna inte kan skyddas av lagstiftningen bakom våldtäkt diskuterar uppsatsen om en... (More)
Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera de olika förändringarna i lagstiftningen kring våldtäktsbrottet sedan brottsbalken beslutades 1962. Analysen kommer att fokusera på fyra olika förändringar som har funnits vara mest omfattande när det gäller brottet och diskussionerna som har ägt rum under lagstiftningsprocessen för dessa ändringar.

I samband med detta kommer fyra olika reaktioner en person kan uppleva vid en traumatisk händelse att undersökas och analyseras om de är skyddade genom våldtäktsbestämmelsen. I huvudsak, huruvida erfarenheten av offren som har reagerat på ett av de fyra sätten fortfarande kan betraktas som våldtäkt. Om några av reaktionerna inte kan skyddas av lagstiftningen bakom våldtäkt diskuterar uppsatsen om en lagändring är önskvärd eller inte.

Slutsatsen om hur brottet har förändrats genom historien var att våldtäkt för varje förändring har ansetts mer och mer röra den sexuella integriteten och det sexuella självbestämmandet. Fokuset har dessutom flyttats från offrets beteende till gärningsmannens samt den kränkning som uppstår. Särskilt med den senaste förändringen 2018 har våldtäktsbrottet gått från att våld eller hot är ett krav för att en situation ska betraktas som våldtäkt till att brottet grundas på bristande frivillighet.

När det gäller de olika reaktioner som kan uppstå var slutsatsen att fight or flight-reaktionen alltid har varit skyddad i lagstiftningen om våldtäktsbrott. Freeze-reaktionen har endast uttryckligen skyddats i lag med ändringen som gjordes 2013. Den har sedan fått fortsatt skydd sedan i ändringen från 2018.

Fawn-reaktionen var den enda reaktionen som inte fått något skydd eftersom det handlar om de inre känslorna hos offret som inte kan vara avgörande för att bedöma om det är våldtäkt. Diskussionen resulterar i slutsatsen att det finns både positivt och negativt med en lagändring för att även skydda denna reaktion, som lagstiftaren i slutändan får ta ställning till. (Less)
Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to analyze the different changes in the legislation regarding the crime of rape since the criminal code was entered into force in 1965. The analysis will focus on four different changes that have been found the most extensive regarding the crime and the discussions that have taken place during the legislative process of these changes.
In conjunction with this, four different reactions a person can experience during a traumatic event will be examined and analyzed whether these are protected by the crime of rape. Essentially, whether the experience of the victims who have reacted in one of the four ways could still be considered rape. If some of the reactions cannot be protected by the legislation behind rape,... (More)
The purpose of this essay is to analyze the different changes in the legislation regarding the crime of rape since the criminal code was entered into force in 1965. The analysis will focus on four different changes that have been found the most extensive regarding the crime and the discussions that have taken place during the legislative process of these changes.
In conjunction with this, four different reactions a person can experience during a traumatic event will be examined and analyzed whether these are protected by the crime of rape. Essentially, whether the experience of the victims who have reacted in one of the four ways could still be considered rape. If some of the reactions cannot be protected by the legislation behind rape, the essay will discuss whether or not a change in the law is desirable.
The conclusion regarding how the crime has changed throughout history was that with every change rape has been considered more and more about the sexual integrity and sexual self-determination. The focus has also been shifted from the actions of the victims to the actions of the perpetrator as well as the violation that has taken place. Especially with the recent change in 2018 the crime of rape has gone from violence or threat being a requirement for a situation to be considered as rape to the crime being based upon a lack of consent.
Regarding the different reactions that can occur the conclusion was that the fight or flight reaction has always been protected in the legislation concerning the crime of rape. The freeze reaction has only been explicitly protected in law with the change that was made in 2013. It has received continued protection since the change in 2018.
The fawn reaction was the only reaction that has not received any protection since this concerns the internal feelings of the victim which cannot be decisive in deciding if it is rape. The discussion results in the conclusion that there are both positives and negatives with a legislative change in order to protect this reaction too. This is however something the legislator has to decide upon. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Lindau, Josefine LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20222
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Våldtäkt, våldtäktsbrottet, krisreaktion, fight, flight, freeze, fawn, rättshistoria, straffrätt, rättsvetenskap
language
Swedish
id
9104892
date added to LUP
2023-02-03 16:27:05
date last changed
2023-02-03 16:27:05
@misc{9104892,
  abstract     = {{The purpose of this essay is to analyze the different changes in the legislation regarding the crime of rape since the criminal code was entered into force in 1965. The analysis will focus on four different changes that have been found the most extensive regarding the crime and the discussions that have taken place during the legislative process of these changes. 
In conjunction with this, four different reactions a person can experience during a traumatic event will be examined and analyzed whether these are protected by the crime of rape. Essentially, whether the experience of the victims who have reacted in one of the four ways could still be considered rape. If some of the reactions cannot be protected by the legislation behind rape, the essay will discuss whether or not a change in the law is desirable. 
The conclusion regarding how the crime has changed throughout history was that with every change rape has been considered more and more about the sexual integrity and sexual self-determination. The focus has also been shifted from the actions of the victims to the actions of the perpetrator as well as the violation that has taken place. Especially with the recent change in 2018 the crime of rape has gone from violence or threat being a requirement for a situation to be considered as rape to the crime being based upon a lack of consent. 
Regarding the different reactions that can occur the conclusion was that the fight or flight reaction has always been protected in the legislation concerning the crime of rape. The freeze reaction has only been explicitly protected in law with the change that was made in 2013. It has received continued protection since the change in 2018. 
The fawn reaction was the only reaction that has not received any protection since this concerns the internal feelings of the victim which cannot be decisive in deciding if it is rape. The discussion results in the conclusion that there are both positives and negatives with a legislative change in order to protect this reaction too. This is however something the legislator has to decide upon.}},
  author       = {{Lindau, Josefine}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Skyddar våldtäktsbrottet alla offer? - En undersökning om våldtäktsbrottets utveckling efter 1965 års brottsbalk och dess skydd av offrens eventuella reaktioner}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}