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Kommunalekonomisk tillväxt i strid med nationellt skyddade riksintressen - En analys av rennäringens skydd och intressekonflikten som uppstår i kommunal planläggning

Ahrberg, Erik LU (2022) LAGF03 20222
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Sverige upplever just nu en form av revitalisering av näringslivet i de nordliga delarna av landet, de stora fyndigheterna av naturresurser och bil-lig elektricitet är bidragande faktorer till detta. Detta stora intresse av att etablera verksamheter i kombination med den nedåtgående trenden som många kommuner upplever leder till en svår avvägning. Kommunerna ska samtidigt som de främjar ekonomisk tillväxt värna om de av staten utpe-kade riksintressena som ska skyddas. Mer komplicerat blir det då när två motstående intressen som ej kan existera parallellt i det omtvistade områ-det ställs mot varandra. Här är rennäringen unik som riksintresse då det handlar om en ursprungsbefolkning som har fått sitt traditionella levnads-sätt skyddat.
... (More)
Sverige upplever just nu en form av revitalisering av näringslivet i de nordliga delarna av landet, de stora fyndigheterna av naturresurser och bil-lig elektricitet är bidragande faktorer till detta. Detta stora intresse av att etablera verksamheter i kombination med den nedåtgående trenden som många kommuner upplever leder till en svår avvägning. Kommunerna ska samtidigt som de främjar ekonomisk tillväxt värna om de av staten utpe-kade riksintressena som ska skyddas. Mer komplicerat blir det då när två motstående intressen som ej kan existera parallellt i det omtvistade områ-det ställs mot varandra. Här är rennäringen unik som riksintresse då det handlar om en ursprungsbefolkning som har fått sitt traditionella levnads-sätt skyddat.
Uppsatsen redogör med hjälp av kritisk rättsdogmatisk metod för vilket skydd rennäringen i Sverige åtnjuter och kollar specifikt på den intresseav-vägning som sker i förhållande till 3:5 2 st. MB och kommunens planlägg-ning samt lovprövning i PBL. Renskötselrätten och skyddet som rensköt-seln åtnjuter i MB grundar sig på urminnes hävd. Samerna klassificeras som ett ursprungsfolk och svenska staten har vid flera tillfällen uttryckt att samerna och deras kulturliv är värda att skyddas. Skyddet som rennäringen åtnjuter regleras i MB. I 3:5 2 st. MB framgår det att områden som är av riksintresse för rennäringen ska skyddas mot åtgärder. Exempel på områ-den som anses vara av riksintresse är flyttleder och särskilt frodiga betes-marker.
Åtgärder som påtagligt försvårar för rennäringen i områden som är av riksintresse skall ej tillåtas. Vidare konstateras genom undersökning av rättsfall att det ska mycket till för att det ska anses föreligga ett påtagligt försvårande.
Det kommunala självbestämmandet som grundas i 1:1 2 st. RF och plan-monopolet regleras i 1:2 PBL. Hushållningsreglerna i MB samt enskilda och allmänna intressen ska tillsammans vägas ihop i en bedömning som sker när kommuner planlägger deras mark. Samma sker vid prövning om exempelvis bygglov. Då kommunerna till sin natur är decentraliserade och åtnjuter en stor handlingsfrihet så kan bedömningar och beslut ofta har många lokala variationer. Inte minst då besluten utöver miljöhänsyn på-verkas av politiska och samhällsekonomiska intressen. I en samlad bedöm-ning så ska även proportionalitetsprincipen beaktas.
Avslutningsvis så konstateras det att bristen på vägledning i tillämpningen och en stor handlingsfrihet för kommunerna leder till en påtaglig risk för att samernas intressen får stå tillbaka för att främja ekonomisk tillväxt. (Less)
Abstract
Sweden is experiencing an increased demand for its natural resources in the northern part of the country. Combining this with a low cost of electric-ity it comes as no surprise that many municipalities are hoping to renew their economic growth by attracting investors. This is much needed as many municipalities are facing a downward spiral consisting of a low birth-rate combined with an aging population and a lack of opportunities. However, this leads to other complications. Municipalities must balance the economical aspect with environmental regulations. Economic growth often comes at a cost to the local environment and both are mutually not able to coexist in a confined area. For example, in the case of a mine. The Saami people have a... (More)
Sweden is experiencing an increased demand for its natural resources in the northern part of the country. Combining this with a low cost of electric-ity it comes as no surprise that many municipalities are hoping to renew their economic growth by attracting investors. This is much needed as many municipalities are facing a downward spiral consisting of a low birth-rate combined with an aging population and a lack of opportunities. However, this leads to other complications. Municipalities must balance the economical aspect with environmental regulations. Economic growth often comes at a cost to the local environment and both are mutually not able to coexist in a confined area. For example, in the case of a mine. The Saami people have a long tradition of reindeer husbandry and it is protect-ed in the Swedish environmental code.
This essay uses critical legal dogmatic method to explain the protection that is awarded to reindeer husbandry. It specifically focuses on the protec-tion in chapter 3 paragraph 5 part 2 of the environmental code. It also pre-sents the weighing of contradictory interests that takes place when munici-palities plan and decide on ground use within their jurisdiction. The protec-tion that the Saami people enjoy is based upon a claim from time imme-morial. The Saami people are classified as an indigenous people and due to the herding of reindeer being a part of their culture it is protected. The pro-tection in 3:5 2nd part of the environmental code provides a strict protec-tion from measures.
Measures that cause a tangible hindrance to the reindeer husbandry is not allowed. The essay uses legal cases to clarify that the threshold for when tangible hindrance is considered to have been fulfilled is quite high.
Municipalities have a right to self-control by way of chapter 1 paragraph 1 2nd part according to the constitution of Sweden. Additionally, the Swedish planning and building act stipulates in chapter 1 paragraph 2 that every municipality has the right to regulate use of land within their jurisdiction. Since the municipalities are decentralised in nature and that the governing is influenced by not only the Swedish environmental code but also political and socioeconomic interests. This combined with the relatively large room for independent decisions leads to local varieties in how municipalities use their land. When all parts are weighed together in a decision regarding for example local planning of land use it also important to consider the princi-ple of proportionality.
Finally, it is concluded that the lack of guidance provided for local munic-ipalities and the large headroom for independent decisions risk leading to a decreased protection for the reindeer husbandry of the Saami people. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Ahrberg, Erik LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20222
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Mijlörätt, Riksintressen, Förvaltningsrätt
language
Swedish
id
9105324
date added to LUP
2023-02-03 15:38:37
date last changed
2023-02-03 15:38:37
@misc{9105324,
  abstract     = {{Sweden is experiencing an increased demand for its natural resources in the northern part of the country. Combining this with a low cost of electric-ity it comes as no surprise that many municipalities are hoping to renew their economic growth by attracting investors. This is much needed as many municipalities are facing a downward spiral consisting of a low birth-rate combined with an aging population and a lack of opportunities. However, this leads to other complications. Municipalities must balance the economical aspect with environmental regulations. Economic growth often comes at a cost to the local environment and both are mutually not able to coexist in a confined area. For example, in the case of a mine. The Saami people have a long tradition of reindeer husbandry and it is protect-ed in the Swedish environmental code. 
This essay uses critical legal dogmatic method to explain the protection that is awarded to reindeer husbandry. It specifically focuses on the protec-tion in chapter 3 paragraph 5 part 2 of the environmental code. It also pre-sents the weighing of contradictory interests that takes place when munici-palities plan and decide on ground use within their jurisdiction. The protec-tion that the Saami people enjoy is based upon a claim from time imme-morial. The Saami people are classified as an indigenous people and due to the herding of reindeer being a part of their culture it is protected. The pro-tection in 3:5 2nd part of the environmental code provides a strict protec-tion from measures.
Measures that cause a tangible hindrance to the reindeer husbandry is not allowed. The essay uses legal cases to clarify that the threshold for when tangible hindrance is considered to have been fulfilled is quite high.
Municipalities have a right to self-control by way of chapter 1 paragraph 1 2nd part according to the constitution of Sweden. Additionally, the Swedish planning and building act stipulates in chapter 1 paragraph 2 that every municipality has the right to regulate use of land within their jurisdiction. Since the municipalities are decentralised in nature and that the governing is influenced by not only the Swedish environmental code but also political and socioeconomic interests. This combined with the relatively large room for independent decisions leads to local varieties in how municipalities use their land. When all parts are weighed together in a decision regarding for example local planning of land use it also important to consider the princi-ple of proportionality. 
Finally, it is concluded that the lack of guidance provided for local munic-ipalities and the large headroom for independent decisions risk leading to a decreased protection for the reindeer husbandry of the Saami people.}},
  author       = {{Ahrberg, Erik}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Kommunalekonomisk tillväxt i strid med nationellt skyddade riksintressen - En analys av rennäringens skydd och intressekonflikten som uppstår i kommunal planläggning}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}