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LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Avdrag eller reduktion? Det är frågan.

Svensson, Josephine LU (2022) LAGF03 20222
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
I juni 2022 röstades ett lagförslag igenom i riksdagen vilket resulterade i att det kostnadsbaserade avdraget för resor till och från arbetet (arbetsresor) ändrades om i grunden till att vara en färdmedelsneutral och avståndsbaserad skattereduktion. Innan de nya reglerna hann träda i kraft den 1 januari 2023 ändrade sig riksdagen och röstade i stället igenom ett förstärkt reseavdrag med höjda schablonbelopp, vilket är gällande rätt idag. Uppsatsen ämnar att både utreda och besvara vilket av dessa två lagförslag som är bäst lämpat för att uppnå de miljömål som angivits i uppsatsen, och hur väl detta system bidrar till att nå uppsatta miljömål. Konstaterbart är att både den gamla och den nya regeringen anser att skattereduktionen är mest i... (More)
I juni 2022 röstades ett lagförslag igenom i riksdagen vilket resulterade i att det kostnadsbaserade avdraget för resor till och från arbetet (arbetsresor) ändrades om i grunden till att vara en färdmedelsneutral och avståndsbaserad skattereduktion. Innan de nya reglerna hann träda i kraft den 1 januari 2023 ändrade sig riksdagen och röstade i stället igenom ett förstärkt reseavdrag med höjda schablonbelopp, vilket är gällande rätt idag. Uppsatsen ämnar att både utreda och besvara vilket av dessa två lagförslag som är bäst lämpat för att uppnå de miljömål som angivits i uppsatsen, och hur väl detta system bidrar till att nå uppsatta miljömål. Konstaterbart är att både den gamla och den nya regeringen anser att skattereduktionen är mest i linje med Sveriges klimatåtagande. Denna ståndpunkt delas av många remissinstanser och är även den slutsats som uppsatsen kommer fram till. Flera faktorer spelar in i detta men den huvudsakliga faktorn är att avdragssystemet premierar höginkomsttagare som gör långa bilresor. Detta är inte i linje med varken 1 kap. 1 § MB eller med något av de angivna miljömålen. En skattereduktion är därför att föredra. Gällande hur väl skattereduktionen uppfyller målen i fråga varierar. Å ena sidan är lagförslaget inte helt i linje med etappmålet att persontransporter med kollektivtrafik, cykel och gång i Sverige ska vara minst 25 procent år 2025. Detta på grund av att de nedre avståndsbegränsningarna, 15 kilometer och 30 kilometer, i praktiken exkluderar de som kan cykla eller gå till sitt arbete. En stor andel av korta arbetsresor görs nämligen med bil. Å andra sidan är förslaget i sin helhet i linje med de andra miljömålen. Förslaget beräknas sänka koldioxidutsläppen från arbetsresor med cirka 11 % under en period på 5-10 år, vilket motsvarar en minskning av personbilstrafikens totala utsläpp med cirka 2 procent. En minskning av bilresandet bedöms ske samtidigt som arbetsresor med allmänna transportmedel samt gång eller cykel bedöms öka. En större skattelättnad uppskattas tillfalla de som reser med allmänna transportmedel än avdragssystemet. Reduktionen kan därför anses uppfylla övriga miljömål väl. Framför allt det övergripande miljömålet att utsläppen av växthusgaser från inrikes transporter ska minska med minst 70 % senast år 2030, då ändringen förväntas sänka personbilstrafikens utsläpp. (Less)
Abstract
In June 2022, a bill was passed through Riksdagen which led to the cost-based write off for traveling to and from your employment (work commute) being changed to accommodate non-specific travel methods and distance based tax deduction. Before the new bills had gone into effect starting from the 1st of january 2023, the Riksdag changed their mind and opted to pass a new bill that allowed for higher deductions in commuting expenses paired with an increased standard amount. This law is currently in effect. This dissertation aims to both research and evaluate which of these two bills are best suited to reach the aforementioned environmental goals put forward in this paper, and how well this system contributes to reaching the environmental... (More)
In June 2022, a bill was passed through Riksdagen which led to the cost-based write off for traveling to and from your employment (work commute) being changed to accommodate non-specific travel methods and distance based tax deduction. Before the new bills had gone into effect starting from the 1st of january 2023, the Riksdag changed their mind and opted to pass a new bill that allowed for higher deductions in commuting expenses paired with an increased standard amount. This law is currently in effect. This dissertation aims to both research and evaluate which of these two bills are best suited to reach the aforementioned environmental goals put forward in this paper, and how well this system contributes to reaching the environmental goals that have been laid out. It can be said that both the previous government and the newly appointed government both agree that the proposed tax deduction are most in line with Sweden’s commitments to said climate goals. This opinion is also mutual for multiple referral bodies, and is also what this dissertation concludes. Several factors have to be considered, but the main factor is that the deduction system favors higher income citizens that travel long distances by car. This does not correspond well with neither 1 kap. 1 § MB nor with any of the specified environmental goals. Therefore, a tax reduction is better in line with the previously mentioned climate goals. Regarding how well the proposed tax reduction actually meets the environmental goals in question varies. On the one hand the bill proposal does not exactly fall in line with the interim target for 2025 that aims to have 25 % of all transportation methods be any of the following: public transit, travel by bicycle, or walking. This is due to the fact that the lower limits of the distance parameters, 15 kilometers and 30 kilometers, in practice excludes those who can commute by bicycle or walk. In reality, a large amount of travel that equates to below 15 kilometers in distance, where public transit is readily available, is done by car regardless. On the other hand, the proposal in its entirety does fall in line with the other environmental goals. The bill proposal is estimated to decrease CO2 release stemming from work commutes by approximately 11 percent in 5-10 years, which equates to a 2% decrease in the overall emissions stemming from car travel. A decrease in car usage is expected, while work commute with public transit, walking or bicycling is estimated to increase. A major tax relief for those who use public transit or other environment friendly methods is deemed to be more useful compared to a proposed deduction system. The proposed reduction can for that reason deem itself mission successful, at reaching the environmental goals set out. Especially the overarching environmental goal that dictates that greenhouse gas emissions from in-country transport shall decrease with at least 70 % by 2030 at the latest, due to the fact that the change is expected to substantially decrease emissions from car travel in general. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Svensson, Josephine LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20222
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Skatterätt, Arbetsresor, Skattereduktion, Skatteavdrag, Miljömål
language
Swedish
id
9105400
date added to LUP
2023-02-03 16:40:00
date last changed
2023-02-03 16:40:00
@misc{9105400,
  abstract     = {{In June 2022, a bill was passed through Riksdagen which led to the cost-based write off for traveling to and from your employment (work commute) being changed to accommodate non-specific travel methods and distance based tax deduction. Before the new bills had gone into effect starting from the 1st of january 2023, the Riksdag changed their mind and opted to pass a new bill that allowed for higher deductions in commuting expenses paired with an increased standard amount. This law is currently in effect. This dissertation aims to both research and evaluate which of these two bills are best suited to reach the aforementioned environmental goals put forward in this paper, and how well this system contributes to reaching the environmental goals that have been laid out. It can be said that both the previous government and the newly appointed government both agree that the proposed tax deduction are most in line with Sweden’s commitments to said climate goals. This opinion is also mutual for multiple referral bodies, and is also what this dissertation concludes. Several factors have to be considered, but the main factor is that the deduction system favors higher income citizens that travel long distances by car. This does not correspond well with neither 1 kap. 1 § MB nor with any of the specified environmental goals. Therefore, a tax reduction is better in line with the previously mentioned climate goals. Regarding how well the proposed tax reduction actually meets the environmental goals in question varies. On the one hand the bill proposal does not exactly fall in line with the interim target for 2025 that aims to have 25 % of all transportation methods be any of the following: public transit, travel by bicycle, or walking. This is due to the fact that the lower limits of the distance parameters, 15 kilometers and 30 kilometers, in practice excludes those who can commute by bicycle or walk. In reality, a large amount of travel that equates to below 15 kilometers in distance, where public transit is readily available, is done by car regardless. On the other hand, the proposal in its entirety does fall in line with the other environmental goals. The bill proposal is estimated to decrease CO2 release stemming from work commutes by approximately 11 percent in 5-10 years, which equates to a 2% decrease in the overall emissions stemming from car travel. A decrease in car usage is expected, while work commute with public transit, walking or bicycling is estimated to increase. A major tax relief for those who use public transit or other environment friendly methods is deemed to be more useful compared to a proposed deduction system. The proposed reduction can for that reason deem itself mission successful, at reaching the environmental goals set out. Especially the overarching environmental goal that dictates that greenhouse gas emissions from in-country transport shall decrease with at least 70 % by 2030 at the latest, due to the fact that the change is expected to substantially decrease emissions from car travel in general.}},
  author       = {{Svensson, Josephine}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Avdrag eller reduktion? Det är frågan.}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}