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På sagolika skäl eller bortom varje rimligt tvivel? En straffprocessrättslig analys av ”Mordet vid busshållplatsen” och ”Årsta torg”

Stanisavljevic, Diana LU (2023) LAGF03 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Högsta domstolen har i två brottmål – mord respektive försök till mord – prövat om det är ställt utom rimligt tvivel att de tilltalade har gjort sig skyldiga till de brott som åklagaren påstår. Gemensamt för rättsfallen är att bevisningen bygger på indiciebevisning. Den klassiska definitionen av indicier är att de utgör indirekta spår av en brottslig gärning som pekar mot en viss gärningsman. På grund av indiciers indirekta beviskaraktär kan ett indicium inte ensamt bevisa ett brott. Vid en första anblick kan rättssäkerheten tyckas konkurrera bort brottseffektiviteten, men genom att indicier samverkar i form av struktural bevisning möjliggörs en fällande dom grundad på indiciebevisning.

Beviskravet i svensk rätt är dock högt ställt. För... (More)
Högsta domstolen har i två brottmål – mord respektive försök till mord – prövat om det är ställt utom rimligt tvivel att de tilltalade har gjort sig skyldiga till de brott som åklagaren påstår. Gemensamt för rättsfallen är att bevisningen bygger på indiciebevisning. Den klassiska definitionen av indicier är att de utgör indirekta spår av en brottslig gärning som pekar mot en viss gärningsman. På grund av indiciers indirekta beviskaraktär kan ett indicium inte ensamt bevisa ett brott. Vid en första anblick kan rättssäkerheten tyckas konkurrera bort brottseffektiviteten, men genom att indicier samverkar i form av struktural bevisning möjliggörs en fällande dom grundad på indiciebevisning.

Beviskravet i svensk rätt är dock högt ställt. För att utgången i ett brottmål ska bli en fällande dom måste det vara ställt utom rimligt tvivel att den tilltalade har begått ett brott. Vid gängrelaterad brottslighet är det inte sällan direkta bevis saknas, vittnen tiger och målen bygger på indicier. Från polis- och åklagarhåll har man länge beklagat sig över det höga beviskravet och anfört att det snarare krävs ”sagolika skäl” för en fällande dom. För en fällande dom grundad på indiciebevisning krävs att utredningen kan visa att den tilltalade har befunnit sig på eller i närheten av brottsplatsen, att denne haft möjlighet att utföra gärningen samt att annan alternativ gärningsman kan uteslutas.

Rättsfallen Mordet vid busshållplatsen och Årsta torg har en central ställning i framställningen. Det första rättsfallet handlar om ett mord som inträffade vid en busshållplats i Märsta. I det andra målet hade två ordningsvakter blivit beskjutna när de färdades i en bil i närheten av Årsta torg. I analysen studeras den centrala bevisningens styrkor respektive svagheter i rättsfallen för att undersöka om Högsta domstolen har sänkt beviskravet. Vidare förs ett resonemang om avgörandena kommer att leda till fler fällande domar framöver. I analysen dras slutsatsen att avsaknad av luckor i utredningen i korrelation med förekomsten av flera indicier med högt bevisvärde tycks leda till att alternativa gärningsmän kan uteslutas. Det är svårt att uppfatta rättsfallen som ett sänkt beviskrav och avgörandena kommer troligen inte att få någon beaktansvärd betydelse för rättskipningen framöver. (Less)
Abstract
In two criminal cases – murder and attempted murder – the Supreme Court has tested whether it is beyond reasonable doubt that the defendants have committed the crimes alleged by the prosecutor. What the legal cases have in common is that the evidence is based on circumstantial evidence. The classic definition of circumstantial evidence is that they constitute indirect traces of a criminal act that point to a certain perpetrator. Due to the indirect evidentiary nature of circumstantial evidence, circumstantial evidence cannot alone prove a crime. At first glance, legal certainty may seem to compete with criminal efficiency, but by circumstantial evidence working together in the form of structural evidence, a conviction based on... (More)
In two criminal cases – murder and attempted murder – the Supreme Court has tested whether it is beyond reasonable doubt that the defendants have committed the crimes alleged by the prosecutor. What the legal cases have in common is that the evidence is based on circumstantial evidence. The classic definition of circumstantial evidence is that they constitute indirect traces of a criminal act that point to a certain perpetrator. Due to the indirect evidentiary nature of circumstantial evidence, circumstantial evidence cannot alone prove a crime. At first glance, legal certainty may seem to compete with criminal efficiency, but by circumstantial evidence working together in the form of structural evidence, a conviction based on circumstantial evidence is possible.

However, the evidentiary requirement in Swedish law is high. In order for the outcome of a criminal case to be a conviction, it must be established beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant has committed a crime. In the case of gang-related crime, direct evidence is often lacking, witnesses tend to remain silent, and cases are based on circumstantial evidence. Police and prosecutors have long complained about the high standard of proof and stated that rather “fabulous reasons” are required for a conviction. For a conviction based on circumstantial evidence, it is required that the investigation shows the defendant was at or at least in the vicinity of the crime scene, that one had the opportunity to carry out the act and that another alternative perpetrator can be excluded.

The legal cases Murder at the Bus Stop and Årsta Torg have a central position in the presentation. The first case concerns a murder that occurred at a bus stop in Märsta. In the second case, two security guards were shot while traveling in a car near Årsta Torg. In the analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of the central evidence in the legal cases are studied to investigate whether the Supreme Court has lowered the evidentiary requirement. In addition, a reasoning is carried out as to whether the rulings will lead to more convictions in the future. The analysis concludes that gaps in the investigation, in correlation with circumstantial evidence carrying high probative value, seems to lead to the exclusion of alternative perpetrators. It is difficult to conclude the legal cases as having lowered the evidentiary requirement, and the rulings will probably not have any significant significance for the administration of justice in the future. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Stanisavljevic, Diana LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20231
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
straffrätt, straffprocessrätt, indicier, indicium, indiciebevisning, indirekt bevisning, struktural bevisning, indiciemål, beviskrav
language
Swedish
id
9113982
date added to LUP
2023-06-29 13:46:34
date last changed
2023-06-29 13:46:34
@misc{9113982,
  abstract     = {{In two criminal cases – murder and attempted murder – the Supreme Court has tested whether it is beyond reasonable doubt that the defendants have committed the crimes alleged by the prosecutor. What the legal cases have in common is that the evidence is based on circumstantial evidence. The classic definition of circumstantial evidence is that they constitute indirect traces of a criminal act that point to a certain perpetrator. Due to the indirect evidentiary nature of circumstantial evidence, circumstantial evidence cannot alone prove a crime. At first glance, legal certainty may seem to compete with criminal efficiency, but by circumstantial evidence working together in the form of structural evidence, a conviction based on circumstantial evidence is possible.

However, the evidentiary requirement in Swedish law is high. In order for the outcome of a criminal case to be a conviction, it must be established beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant has committed a crime. In the case of gang-related crime, direct evidence is often lacking, witnesses tend to remain silent, and cases are based on circumstantial evidence. Police and prosecutors have long complained about the high standard of proof and stated that rather “fabulous reasons” are required for a conviction. For a conviction based on circumstantial evidence, it is required that the investigation shows the defendant was at or at least in the vicinity of the crime scene, that one had the opportunity to carry out the act and that another alternative perpetrator can be excluded.

The legal cases Murder at the Bus Stop and Årsta Torg have a central position in the presentation. The first case concerns a murder that occurred at a bus stop in Märsta. In the second case, two security guards were shot while traveling in a car near Årsta Torg. In the analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of the central evidence in the legal cases are studied to investigate whether the Supreme Court has lowered the evidentiary requirement. In addition, a reasoning is carried out as to whether the rulings will lead to more convictions in the future. The analysis concludes that gaps in the investigation, in correlation with circumstantial evidence carrying high probative value, seems to lead to the exclusion of alternative perpetrators. It is difficult to conclude the legal cases as having lowered the evidentiary requirement, and the rulings will probably not have any significant significance for the administration of justice in the future.}},
  author       = {{Stanisavljevic, Diana}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{På sagolika skäl eller bortom varje rimligt tvivel? En straffprocessrättslig analys av ”Mordet vid busshållplatsen” och ”Årsta torg”}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}