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Nolltolerans mot ungdomsbrottslighet - Hårdare tag till följd av det ökade våldet eller en övertro till repressiva åtgärder?

Håkansson, Frida LU (2023) JURM02 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Frågor om brottslighet står högst upp på agendan bland Sveriges politiker och tidningsrubriker avlöser varandra med nyheter om de kriminella gängen och skjutvapenvåldet. Uppfattningen är att brottsligheten går ner i åldrarna, blir grövre och att kriminella gäng rekryterar unga personer för att utföra allvarliga brott. Det är enkelt att få intrycket att vi befinner oss i en tid av ökad brottslig-het och dödligt våld. Under de senaste åren har en lång rad reformer på straff-rättens område lagts fram. Störst fokus har lagts på unga lagöverträdare och hur samhället ska hantera dessa.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att nyansera den komplicerade bild av en påstådd våldsutveckling bland barn och ungdomar genom att synliggöra det skydd unga har i... (More)
Frågor om brottslighet står högst upp på agendan bland Sveriges politiker och tidningsrubriker avlöser varandra med nyheter om de kriminella gängen och skjutvapenvåldet. Uppfattningen är att brottsligheten går ner i åldrarna, blir grövre och att kriminella gäng rekryterar unga personer för att utföra allvarliga brott. Det är enkelt att få intrycket att vi befinner oss i en tid av ökad brottslig-het och dödligt våld. Under de senaste åren har en lång rad reformer på straff-rättens område lagts fram. Störst fokus har lagts på unga lagöverträdare och hur samhället ska hantera dessa.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att nyansera den komplicerade bild av en påstådd våldsutveckling bland barn och ungdomar genom att synliggöra det skydd unga har i form av särbehandling i förhållande till häktningsinstitutet. Särbe-handlingen av unga i såväl straffrätten som i straffprocessen är ett genomgå-ende tema. Fokus för undersökningen är hur synen på unga lagöverträdare förändrats över tid. Vidare undersöks våldsbrottsligheten med fokus på vilka förändringar som finns i det dödliga våldet och hur strukturerna på det dödliga våldet utvecklats. För att uppfylla uppsatsens syfte undersöks lagstiftning, förarbeten, forskning och statistik. I uppsatsen används en rättsanalytisk me-tod.
Av undersökningen framgår sammanfattningsvis att unga lagöverträdare är särskilt sanktionskänsliga men att särbehandlingen inte tillgodoser de be-straffningsideologier och repressiva åtgärder som har störst inflytande i dag. I motiven framgår att unga saknar tillräcklig mognad och ansvarsförmåga för att behandlas och straffas som vuxna. Inlåsning kan medföra allvarliga men, be-stående skador och försvåra den unges återanpassning till samhället. Häktning ska därför undvikas i möjliga mån och socialrättsliga åtgärder ska ha före-träde. Införande av nya straffrättsliga åtgärder visar att toleransen för unga lagöverträdares brottslighet är låg och att intresset att straffets stränghet ska stå i proportion till brottets svårhet har fått allt större genomslag. Till följd av straffskärpningar rubriceras sedan 1990-talet en större andel fall som mord och färre fall rubriceras som dråp och vållande till annans död. I uppsatsen konstateras slutligen att det dödliga skjutvapenvåldet ökat, men att det totala dödliga våldet är lägre än på 1990-talet. Den vanligaste våldsmetoden vid död-ligt våld är fortfarande med kniv, däremot har användningen av skjutvapen fördubblats sedan mitten av 2000-talet. De senaste åren har konflikter i den kriminella miljön blivit vanligare och antalet fall där offret är en man har ökat de senaste åren. Den vanligaste brottsplatsen är fortfarande en bostad, men dödligt våld utomhus har ökat. I ett globalt perspektiv ligger Sverige på myck-et låga nivåer av dödligt våld. (Less)
Abstract
Questions about crime are at the top of the agenda among Sweden's politicians and news about the criminal gangs and gun violence dominate headlines. The perception is that crime decreases with age, becomes more serious and that criminal gangs recruit young people to commit serious crimes. It is easy to get the impression that we are in a time of increased crime and deadly violence. In recent years, a long series of reforms in the field of criminal law have been proposed. The greatest focus has been placed on young offenders and how society should deal with them.
The purpose of this essay is to highlight the nuanced and complicated picture of an alleged development of violence among children and young people by making visible the... (More)
Questions about crime are at the top of the agenda among Sweden's politicians and news about the criminal gangs and gun violence dominate headlines. The perception is that crime decreases with age, becomes more serious and that criminal gangs recruit young people to commit serious crimes. It is easy to get the impression that we are in a time of increased crime and deadly violence. In recent years, a long series of reforms in the field of criminal law have been proposed. The greatest focus has been placed on young offenders and how society should deal with them.
The purpose of this essay is to highlight the nuanced and complicated picture of an alleged development of violence among children and young people by making visible the protection young people have in the form of special treat-ment in relation to the Swedish Remand Institute. The special treatment of young people in both criminal law and the criminal process is a consistent theme. The focus of the investigation is how the view of young offenders has changed over time. Furthermore, violent crime is examined with a focus on what changes there are in deadly violence and how the structures of deadly violence have changed. In order to fulfill the purpose, legislation, preparatory work, research and statistics are examined. In the essay, a legal analytical method is used.
In summary, the survey shows that young offenders are particularly sensitive to sanctions, but that the special treatment does not satisfy the punishment ideologies and repressive measures that have the greatest influence today. It shows that young people lack sufficient maturity and responsibility to be trea-ted and punished as adults. Incarceration can cause serious but permanent damage and make it difficult for the young person to reintegrate into society. Detention must therefore be avoided as much as possible and social justice measures must take precedence. The introduction of new criminal justice measures shows that the tolerance for the crime of young offenders is low and that the interest that the severity of the punishment should be proportionate to the severity of the crime has gained more and more influence. As a result of stricter punishments, since the 1990s a greater proportion of cases are labeled as murder and fewer cases are labeled as manslaughter and causing another’s death. The courts' stricter view of lethal violence can be attributed to a stricter view of lethal violence in society in general. The essay finally states that fatal gun violence has increased, but that total fatal violence is lower than in the 1990s. The most common method of lethal violence is still with a knife, but the use of firearms has doubled since the mid-2000s. In recent years, conflicts in the criminal environment have become more common and the number of cases where the victim is a man has increased. The most common crime scene is still a home, but deadly violence outdoors has increased. In a global per-spective, Sweden has very low levels of lethal violence. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Håkansson, Frida LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Young and criminal, an over-confidence in repressive measures?
course
JURM02 20231
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, socialrätt, unga lagöverträdare, särbehandling, betryggande övervakning, häktning, LVU, SoL, LUL
language
Swedish
id
9116515
date added to LUP
2023-06-16 11:30:41
date last changed
2023-06-16 11:30:41
@misc{9116515,
  abstract     = {{Questions about crime are at the top of the agenda among Sweden's politicians and news about the criminal gangs and gun violence dominate headlines. The perception is that crime decreases with age, becomes more serious and that criminal gangs recruit young people to commit serious crimes. It is easy to get the impression that we are in a time of increased crime and deadly violence. In recent years, a long series of reforms in the field of criminal law have been proposed. The greatest focus has been placed on young offenders and how society should deal with them.
The purpose of this essay is to highlight the nuanced and complicated picture of an alleged development of violence among children and young people by making visible the protection young people have in the form of special treat-ment in relation to the Swedish Remand Institute. The special treatment of young people in both criminal law and the criminal process is a consistent theme. The focus of the investigation is how the view of young offenders has changed over time. Furthermore, violent crime is examined with a focus on what changes there are in deadly violence and how the structures of deadly violence have changed. In order to fulfill the purpose, legislation, preparatory work, research and statistics are examined. In the essay, a legal analytical method is used.
In summary, the survey shows that young offenders are particularly sensitive to sanctions, but that the special treatment does not satisfy the punishment ideologies and repressive measures that have the greatest influence today. It shows that young people lack sufficient maturity and responsibility to be trea-ted and punished as adults. Incarceration can cause serious but permanent damage and make it difficult for the young person to reintegrate into society. Detention must therefore be avoided as much as possible and social justice measures must take precedence. The introduction of new criminal justice measures shows that the tolerance for the crime of young offenders is low and that the interest that the severity of the punishment should be proportionate to the severity of the crime has gained more and more influence. As a result of stricter punishments, since the 1990s a greater proportion of cases are labeled as murder and fewer cases are labeled as manslaughter and causing another’s death. The courts' stricter view of lethal violence can be attributed to a stricter view of lethal violence in society in general. The essay finally states that fatal gun violence has increased, but that total fatal violence is lower than in the 1990s. The most common method of lethal violence is still with a knife, but the use of firearms has doubled since the mid-2000s. In recent years, conflicts in the criminal environment have become more common and the number of cases where the victim is a man has increased. The most common crime scene is still a home, but deadly violence outdoors has increased. In a global per-spective, Sweden has very low levels of lethal violence.}},
  author       = {{Håkansson, Frida}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Nolltolerans mot ungdomsbrottslighet - Hårdare tag till följd av det ökade våldet eller en övertro till repressiva åtgärder?}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}