3D geospatial data requirements for simulating noise using the Nord2000 model: Case study of the impact of building façade types and roof configurations on simulated traffic noise levels
(2023) In Student thesis series INES NGEM01 20231Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science
- Abstract
- The European Union implements the Environmental Noise Directive (END), which offers a framework for evaluating and assessing environmental noise. All EU members are required to create strategic noise maps to inform the public about noise pollution and its effects. This study followed these directives and guidelines to collect the required data and employed the NORD2000 model to simulate traffic noise. SoundPLAN was used as simulation software.
For accurate simulation, the layers related to urban furniture and the ground covers were imported into SoundPLAN from 3CIM (3D city models). The case study was Lorensborg, a district of Malmö city in Sweden. The study findings indicate that the Nord2000 model requires more detailed input data... (More) - The European Union implements the Environmental Noise Directive (END), which offers a framework for evaluating and assessing environmental noise. All EU members are required to create strategic noise maps to inform the public about noise pollution and its effects. This study followed these directives and guidelines to collect the required data and employed the NORD2000 model to simulate traffic noise. SoundPLAN was used as simulation software.
For accurate simulation, the layers related to urban furniture and the ground covers were imported into SoundPLAN from 3CIM (3D city models). The case study was Lorensborg, a district of Malmö city in Sweden. The study findings indicate that the Nord2000 model requires more detailed input data compared to other models, e.g., meteorology, temperature, type of road surface, and information about heavy vehicles. The inclusion of additional information increased the computational resources and time required. However, the research underscored the significance of integrating geospatial data to achieve precise noise modelling.
In addition, the study investigates the effect of densification in urban areas. So, two scenarios were designed, with and without planned building. For each scenario, acoustic properties for three building façade types were determined, fully reflective 0 dB, hard reflective 1 dB, and soft reflective 4 dB. The study revealed that increasing reflection loss in each type influences the simulated noise levels by an average of 2 dB. Soft façades were found to be more effective in reducing noise dispersion and subsequently lowering noise levels compared to hard façades. Furthermore, the orientation of the building towards the noise source also influenced the simulated noise levels. For example, buildings oriented vertically, with their front face perpendicular to the road, experience less noise impact compared to buildings that are parallel to the road.
In the simulation considering roof configuration, the roof layer from 3CIM was imported into SoundPLAN as a Noise Protection Wall. However, in the specific conditions outlined in this study, the inclusion of roofs did not result in significant changes in the measured noise levels when compared to flat roofs.
The study highlights the importance of detailed geospatial input data for achieving precise noise modelling. Additionally, it reveals that soft façades and vertical building orientation are effective in reducing noise dispersion based on the simulation results and investigation into the effects of densification. The findings suggest that urban planning and design should consider factors such as building density, orientation, and façade reflection losses to meet the noise reduction standards. (Less) - Popular Abstract
- In today's rapidly evolving world, the increase in population and urbanization has led to an alarming rise in noise pollution, which has become a serious problem in many urban areas. There are several factors that contribute to noise pollution in cities, including traffic, aircraft, railways, and industries. Exposure to this noise pollution can cause headaches, anxiety, and sleep disturbances and even lead to more serious problems such as hearing loss, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Urban planning plays a crucial role in controlling noise pollution. A range of noise reduction elements, including sound barriers, vegetation, and effective building design, can be incorporated into urban planning to mitigate noise pollution. From... (More)
- In today's rapidly evolving world, the increase in population and urbanization has led to an alarming rise in noise pollution, which has become a serious problem in many urban areas. There are several factors that contribute to noise pollution in cities, including traffic, aircraft, railways, and industries. Exposure to this noise pollution can cause headaches, anxiety, and sleep disturbances and even lead to more serious problems such as hearing loss, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Urban planning plays a crucial role in controlling noise pollution. A range of noise reduction elements, including sound barriers, vegetation, and effective building design, can be incorporated into urban planning to mitigate noise pollution. From that, evaluating and monitoring noise levels have become a critical concern for decision-makers. Following this, World Health Organisation (WHO), has issued guidelines for protecting human health, against public noise. At the European Union scale, the Environmental Noise Directive provides an approach related to assessing and managing environmental noise. According to this directive, all EU members must prepare a strategic noise map to inform the public about noise pollution and its effects. In this regard, the use of GIS is highly important in mapping noise, as they allow for the integration of various data sources, such as noise observations, land use patterns, etc.
A case study of noise simulations was performed with a focus on the need for 3D geospatial input data. The study area was Lorensborg, a district of Malmö city in Sweden. The geospatial data input which was needed for the Nord2000 model simulation was gathered. The study findings indicate that the Nord2000 model requires more detailed geospatial input data compared to other models, which may limit its applicability to smaller geographical areas due to the required computer resources and computation time. Nevertheless, the research highlighted the importance of incorporating geospatial data for accurate noise modelling.
In addition, acoustic properties of different building façade types and roofs were determined. The study revealed that the acoustic properties of the façade, such as reflection loss and reflection coefficient, influence the simulated noise levels. Soft façades were found to be more effective in reducing noise dispersion and subsequently lowering noise levels compared to hard façades. Furthermore, the orientation of the building towards the noise source also influenced the simulated noise levels. Regarding roof designs, the study determined that in the specific context of this research, the inclusion of roofs did not significantly alter the noise level values compared to flat roofs. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9127864
- author
- Hosseinvash Azari, Soraya LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- NGEM01 20231
- year
- 2023
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- Physical Geography, Ecosystem Analysis, noise simulation, traffic, Nord2000 model, building façade types, roof configurations, geospatial data, 3CIM, SoundPLAN, acoustic properties, urban areas, 3D city model
- publication/series
- Student thesis series INES
- report number
- 611
- language
- English
- id
- 9127864
- date added to LUP
- 2023-06-21 09:35:06
- date last changed
- 2023-06-21 09:35:06
@misc{9127864,
abstract = {{The European Union implements the Environmental Noise Directive (END), which offers a framework for evaluating and assessing environmental noise. All EU members are required to create strategic noise maps to inform the public about noise pollution and its effects. This study followed these directives and guidelines to collect the required data and employed the NORD2000 model to simulate traffic noise. SoundPLAN was used as simulation software.
For accurate simulation, the layers related to urban furniture and the ground covers were imported into SoundPLAN from 3CIM (3D city models). The case study was Lorensborg, a district of Malmö city in Sweden. The study findings indicate that the Nord2000 model requires more detailed input data compared to other models, e.g., meteorology, temperature, type of road surface, and information about heavy vehicles. The inclusion of additional information increased the computational resources and time required. However, the research underscored the significance of integrating geospatial data to achieve precise noise modelling.
In addition, the study investigates the effect of densification in urban areas. So, two scenarios were designed, with and without planned building. For each scenario, acoustic properties for three building façade types were determined, fully reflective 0 dB, hard reflective 1 dB, and soft reflective 4 dB. The study revealed that increasing reflection loss in each type influences the simulated noise levels by an average of 2 dB. Soft façades were found to be more effective in reducing noise dispersion and subsequently lowering noise levels compared to hard façades. Furthermore, the orientation of the building towards the noise source also influenced the simulated noise levels. For example, buildings oriented vertically, with their front face perpendicular to the road, experience less noise impact compared to buildings that are parallel to the road.
In the simulation considering roof configuration, the roof layer from 3CIM was imported into SoundPLAN as a Noise Protection Wall. However, in the specific conditions outlined in this study, the inclusion of roofs did not result in significant changes in the measured noise levels when compared to flat roofs.
The study highlights the importance of detailed geospatial input data for achieving precise noise modelling. Additionally, it reveals that soft façades and vertical building orientation are effective in reducing noise dispersion based on the simulation results and investigation into the effects of densification. The findings suggest that urban planning and design should consider factors such as building density, orientation, and façade reflection losses to meet the noise reduction standards.}},
author = {{Hosseinvash Azari, Soraya}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
series = {{Student thesis series INES}},
title = {{3D geospatial data requirements for simulating noise using the Nord2000 model: Case study of the impact of building façade types and roof configurations on simulated traffic noise levels}},
year = {{2023}},
}