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Letter of intent - mer än bara en avsikt?

Sjöberg Holmén, Hannes LU (2023) JURM02 20232
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
I dagens affärsliv, med anledning av att ingåendet av ett avtal ska löpa så smidigt som möjligt, har det utvecklats olika typer av förhandlingsinstrument. Ett sådan instrument är ett s.k. letter of intent. Genom ett letter of intent kan parterna i det prekontraktuella skedet manifestera sin avsikt om att i framtiden ingå avtal.
Syftet med ett letter of intent kan sägas vara att på ett ändamålsenligt sätt fungera som ett verktyg för parterna i förhandlingsprocessen och inge tillit till slutavtalets uppkomst.

Vilka rättsverkningar som ett letter of intent kan föranleda i förhandlingsstadiet är ett omdiskuterat ämne i svensk rätt och främst i doktrin. Det kan vara problematiskt att bedöma effekterna av ett letter of intent i de fall... (More)
I dagens affärsliv, med anledning av att ingåendet av ett avtal ska löpa så smidigt som möjligt, har det utvecklats olika typer av förhandlingsinstrument. Ett sådan instrument är ett s.k. letter of intent. Genom ett letter of intent kan parterna i det prekontraktuella skedet manifestera sin avsikt om att i framtiden ingå avtal.
Syftet med ett letter of intent kan sägas vara att på ett ändamålsenligt sätt fungera som ett verktyg för parterna i förhandlingsprocessen och inge tillit till slutavtalets uppkomst.

Vilka rättsverkningar som ett letter of intent kan föranleda i förhandlingsstadiet är ett omdiskuterat ämne i svensk rätt och främst i doktrin. Det kan vara problematiskt att bedöma effekterna av ett letter of intent i de fall parterna har uttryckt en avsikt att nå ett slutligt avtal men att så inte sker. Den traditionella uppfattningen är att ett letter of intent vanligtvis inte medför avtalsbundenhet mellan parterna och att den som ger ett löfte att sluta avtal innan alla villkoren i avtalet är bestämda, inte förpliktar sig rättsligt utan endast moraliskt. Den traditionella utgångspunkten öppnar emellertid upp för undantag.

Slutsatsen som kan dras är att ett letter of intent under vissa förhållanden kan få bindande verkan om omständigheter i det enskilda fallet talar för detta. Hur parterna agerar före, under och efter upprättandet av ett letter of intent kan få betydelse för frågan om avtalsbundenhet. Att ett letter of intent får en bindande verkan torde emellertid tillhöra ovanligheten. Klausuler i ett letter of intent om till exempel sekretess eller exklusivitet får dock oftast anses bindande för båda parterna.

Det kan även konstateras att ett letter of intent, oavsett om det är bindande eller inte, kan ge intrycket av att en lojalitetsplikt uppstått mellan parterna i förhandlingsstadiet. Kravet på att agera lojalt kan således förstärkas genom ett letter of intent. När det gäller hur ett letter of intent påverkar culpabedömningen får handlingen inte anses ha någon avgörande betydelse för culpa in contrahendo. Skadeståndsansvar till följd av ett letter of intent kan dock betraktas som ett specialfall av ansvar för culpa in contrahendo. (Less)
Abstract
In today's business world, to ensure that the conclusion of the agreement runs as smoothly as possible, various types of negotiation instruments have been developed. One such instrument is a letter of intent. Through a letter of intent, the parties can manifest their intention to enter into agreements in the future at the pre-contractual stage. The purpose of a letter of intent can be said to be to function effectively as a tool for the parties in the negotiation process and to inspire confidence in the creation of the final agreement.

The legal effects that a letter of intent can give rise to in the negotiation stage is a debated topic in Swedish law and primarily in legal literature. It can be problematic to assess the effects of a... (More)
In today's business world, to ensure that the conclusion of the agreement runs as smoothly as possible, various types of negotiation instruments have been developed. One such instrument is a letter of intent. Through a letter of intent, the parties can manifest their intention to enter into agreements in the future at the pre-contractual stage. The purpose of a letter of intent can be said to be to function effectively as a tool for the parties in the negotiation process and to inspire confidence in the creation of the final agreement.

The legal effects that a letter of intent can give rise to in the negotiation stage is a debated topic in Swedish law and primarily in legal literature. It can be problematic to assess the effects of a letter of intent in cases where the parties have expressed an intention to reach a final agreement, but this does not happen. The traditional view is that a letter of intent does not usually create a contractual obligation between the parties and that a participant who promises to conclude a contract before all the terms of the contract have been determined is not legally bound, only morally. However, the traditional view opens up the possibility of exceptions.

The conclusion that can be drawn is that a letter of intent under certain circumstances can have a binding effect if the circumstances of the individual case indicate this. How the parties act before, during and after drafting a letter of intent may impact the question of contractual obligation. However, it is unusual for a letter of intent to have a binding effect. That said, clauses in a letter of intent regarding, for example, confidentiality or exclusivity are usually considered binding for both parties.

It may also be noted that a letter of intent, whether binding or not, may give the impression that a duty of loyalty has arisen between the parties at the negotiation stage. The requirement of loyalty may therefore be reinforced by a letter of intent. Regarding the impact of a letter of intent on the assessment of fault, the document cannot be regarded as having a decisive impact on culpa in contrahendo. However, liability arising from a letter of intent can be regarded as a special case of liability for culpa in contrahendo. (Less)
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author
Sjöberg Holmén, Hannes LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Letter of Intent - more than just an intention?
course
JURM02 20232
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
avtalsrätt, civilrätt, avtalsbundenhet, kommersiell avtalsförhandling, letter of intent, lojalitetsplikt, culpa in contrahendo, avtalstolkning, avtalsförhandling
language
Swedish
id
9142610
date added to LUP
2024-01-21 17:23:18
date last changed
2024-01-21 17:23:18
@misc{9142610,
  abstract     = {{In today's business world, to ensure that the conclusion of the agreement runs as smoothly as possible, various types of negotiation instruments have been developed. One such instrument is a letter of intent. Through a letter of intent, the parties can manifest their intention to enter into agreements in the future at the pre-contractual stage. The purpose of a letter of intent can be said to be to function effectively as a tool for the parties in the negotiation process and to inspire confidence in the creation of the final agreement.

The legal effects that a letter of intent can give rise to in the negotiation stage is a debated topic in Swedish law and primarily in legal literature. It can be problematic to assess the effects of a letter of intent in cases where the parties have expressed an intention to reach a final agreement, but this does not happen. The traditional view is that a letter of intent does not usually create a contractual obligation between the parties and that a participant who promises to conclude a contract before all the terms of the contract have been determined is not legally bound, only morally. However, the traditional view opens up the possibility of exceptions.

The conclusion that can be drawn is that a letter of intent under certain circumstances can have a binding effect if the circumstances of the individual case indicate this. How the parties act before, during and after drafting a letter of intent may impact the question of contractual obligation. However, it is unusual for a letter of intent to have a binding effect. That said, clauses in a letter of intent regarding, for example, confidentiality or exclusivity are usually considered binding for both parties.

It may also be noted that a letter of intent, whether binding or not, may give the impression that a duty of loyalty has arisen between the parties at the negotiation stage. The requirement of loyalty may therefore be reinforced by a letter of intent. Regarding the impact of a letter of intent on the assessment of fault, the document cannot be regarded as having a decisive impact on culpa in contrahendo. However, liability arising from a letter of intent can be regarded as a special case of liability for culpa in contrahendo.}},
  author       = {{Sjöberg Holmén, Hannes}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Letter of intent - mer än bara en avsikt?}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}