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Hur kan kontor bli hem? - Konvertering av kontorslokaler till bostäder ur ett fastighetsägarperspektiv

Miftari, Ardian LU and Clarin, Jonas (2024) VFTM01 20232
Real Estate Science
Abstract
The Swedish office markets especially in the three major cities Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö have experienced increased vacancy rates in recent years. One key factor behind this is employees' preferences post the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite a gradual return to offices, the utilization rate has decreased in Sweden, prompting tenants to prioritize their lease portfolios and space optimization for cost savings. Vacancy in office buildings is likely to have consequences for the economy, the environment, and social aspects, potentially negatively impacting greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption.
The adaptive reuse of offices into residential spaces has been found to be a potential solution to tackle vacancy and contribute to... (More)
The Swedish office markets especially in the three major cities Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö have experienced increased vacancy rates in recent years. One key factor behind this is employees' preferences post the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite a gradual return to offices, the utilization rate has decreased in Sweden, prompting tenants to prioritize their lease portfolios and space optimization for cost savings. Vacancy in office buildings is likely to have consequences for the economy, the environment, and social aspects, potentially negatively impacting greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption.
The adaptive reuse of offices into residential spaces has been found to be a potential solution to tackle vacancy and contribute to sustainability.
The significant housing shortage in Sweden could act as an incentive for converting vacant office buildings into residences. However, these conversions are currently conducted on a limited scale. This thesis aims to explore the significant opportunities and challenges through a multiple case study of completed adaptive reuse projects in Sweden.
The purpose of this study has been to thoroughly examine, from a property owner's perspective, the opportunities and challenges arising from the adaptive reuse of office spaces to residences in Sweden. The research has focused on addressing several key questions to enhance understanding in this field. Firstly, the study analyzes the opportunities and challenges property owners face in the adaptive reuse of office buildings into residences. This includes examining economic, legal, and technical aspects influencing property owners' decision-making processes. Another question addresses how various stakeholders have successfully tackled challenges encountered during the adaptive reuse process.
By investigating completed adaptive reuse projects, the study contributes to identifying opportunities and obstacles for similar projects in the future. Finally, the research shifts focus to what needs to change to improve the conditions for adaptive reuse projects.
A qualitative method was applied in this study to examine the opportunities and challenges of adaptive reuse and other research questions. The study began with a literature review to identify opportunities and challenges from previous research. Furthermore, a multiple case study strategy was chosen, including five different office-to-residence adaptive reuse projects to gain a deeper understanding of the issues and to compare the data with theory, investigating any discrepancies.
The study reveals that a high vacancy level is crucial for considering the adaptive reuse of office buildings into residences. Despite projects being primarily carried out in central areas, they face challenges such as complaints due to disturbances and logistical issues. Sustainability is prioritized after profitability, and stimulus packages primarily benefit smaller municipalities. Long planning process lead times, parking restrictions, and strict building regulations pose hindrances, affecting profitability and complicating the adaptive reuse of older buildings with cultural-historical value. Environmentally hazardous building materials pose a risk but are typically managed within the project costing. Rent-setting rules do not seem to affect feasibility.
New construction combined with adaptive reuse projects may increase the economic feasibility of the project. Property owners and developers address challenges through prior experiences and understanding of building suitability and technical aspects. Today, challenges in the planning process are resolved through negotiations with the municipality. To facilitate more adaptive reuse projects, suggested measures include adapting regulations, streamlining the planning process, and introducing more flexible zoning plans. Collaboration among industry stakeholders and disseminating knowledge about adaptive reuse are emphasized to promote resource-efficient construction. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
De svenska kontorsmarknaderna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö har sett ökade vakansgrader under de senaste åren. En viktig faktor bakom detta är anställdas preferenser efter Covid-19-pandemin. Även om närvaron på kontoren har börjat öka igen, har utnyttjandegraden sjunkit i Sverige, och hyresgäster prioriterar nu sin hyresportfölj och ytoptimering för att spara kostnader. Vakans i kontorsbyggnader kan ha konsekvenser för ekonomin, miljön och det sociala, med möjliga negativa påverkan på växthusgasutsläpp och energiförbrukning. Konverteringen av kontor till bostäder har visat sig vara en potentiell lösning för att minska vakansen och bidra till hållbarhet. Den stora bostadsbristen i Sverige ger incitament för konverteringen av vakanta... (More)
De svenska kontorsmarknaderna i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö har sett ökade vakansgrader under de senaste åren. En viktig faktor bakom detta är anställdas preferenser efter Covid-19-pandemin. Även om närvaron på kontoren har börjat öka igen, har utnyttjandegraden sjunkit i Sverige, och hyresgäster prioriterar nu sin hyresportfölj och ytoptimering för att spara kostnader. Vakans i kontorsbyggnader kan ha konsekvenser för ekonomin, miljön och det sociala, med möjliga negativa påverkan på växthusgasutsläpp och energiförbrukning. Konverteringen av kontor till bostäder har visat sig vara en potentiell lösning för att minska vakansen och bidra till hållbarhet. Den stora bostadsbristen i Sverige ger incitament för konverteringen av vakanta kontorsbyggnader till bostäder. Trots detta utförs konverteringarna för närvarande i begränsad omfattning, och denna rapport kommer att utforska de betydande möjligheterna och utmaningarna genom en fallstudie av genomförda konverteringsprojekt i Sverige.
Syftet med denna studie har varit att, utifrån ett fastighetsägarperspektiv, noggrant undersöka de möjligheter och utmaningar som uppstår vid konvertering av kontorslokaler till bostäder i Sverige. Forskningsarbetet har fokuserat på att besvara ett antal centrala frågeställningar för att öka förståelsen inom området. Först och främst har studien analyserat vilka möjligheter och utmaningar fastighetsägare möter vid konverteringen av kontorsbyggnader till bostäder.
Detta har inkluderat en noggrann granskning av ekonomiska, juridiska och tekniska aspekter som påverkar beslutsprocessen för fastighetsägare. En annan frågeställning har rört hur olika aktörer har lyckats lösa de utmaningar de stött på under konverteringsprocessen. Genom att undersöka genomförda konverteringsprojekt har studien bidragit till att identifiera möjligheter och hinder för liknande projekt i framtiden. Slutligen har forskningen riktat fokus mot vad som behöver förändras för att förbättra förutsättningarna för konverteringsprojekt.
I denna studie har en kvalitativ metod tillämpats för att studera möjligheterna och utmaningarna vid konverteringar samt studiens övriga frågeställningar. Studien inleddes med en litteraturstudie för att identifiera möjligheter och utmaningar från tidigare forskning. Vidare utfördes en fallstudie kring fem olika konverteringsprojekt av kontor till bostäder för att förstå problematiken mer djupgående och att jämföra datan med teorin och undersöka om där finns några diskrepanser.
Studien visar att en hög vakansnivå är central för att överväga konvertering av kontorsbyggnader till bostäder. Trots att projekt oftast genomförs i centrala områden, stöter de på utmaningar som klagomål på grund av störningar och logistiska utmaningar. Hållbarhet prioriteras efter avkastning, och stimulanspaket gynnar främst mindre kommuner. Långa planprocessledtider, parkeringsrestriktioner och stränga byggregler utgör hinder, påverkar lönsamheten och komplicerar konvertering av äldre byggnader med kulturhistoriskt värde. Miljöfarligt byggmaterial utgör en risk, men hanteras i regel i projektkalkylen. Hyressättningsreglerna påverkar inte genomförbarheten.
Nybyggnation i samband med konverteringsprojekt kan förbättra genomförbarheten. Fastighetsägare och utvecklare löser utmaningar genom tidigare erfarenheter och förståelse för byggnadslämplighet och tekniska aspekter. Idag löser man utmaningar med planprocessen genom förhandling med kommunen. För att underlätta fler konverteringar föreslås åtgärder som anpassning av regelverk, effektivisering av planprocessen och införande av flexiblare detaljplaner. Samarbetet mellan branschaktörer och spridning av kunskap om konverteringsprojekt betonas för att främja resurseffektivt byggande. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Miftari, Ardian LU and Clarin, Jonas
supervisor
organization
alternative title
How can offices become homes? Conversion of office spaces into residential housing from a real estate owner's perspective
course
VFTM01 20232
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
keywords
Adaptiv återanvändning, konvertering, kontor, vakans, bostäder, fastighetsägare
other publication id
ISRN LUTVDG/TVLM 24/5552SE
language
Swedish
id
9146773
date added to LUP
2024-02-20 16:00:13
date last changed
2024-02-20 16:00:13
@misc{9146773,
  abstract     = {{The Swedish office markets especially in the three major cities Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö have experienced increased vacancy rates in recent years. One key factor behind this is employees' preferences post the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite a gradual return to offices, the utilization rate has decreased in Sweden, prompting tenants to prioritize their lease portfolios and space optimization for cost savings. Vacancy in office buildings is likely to have consequences for the economy, the environment, and social aspects, potentially negatively impacting greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. 
The adaptive reuse of offices into residential spaces has been found to be a potential solution to tackle vacancy and contribute to sustainability. 
The significant housing shortage in Sweden could act as an incentive for converting vacant office buildings into residences. However, these conversions are currently conducted on a limited scale. This thesis aims to explore the significant opportunities and challenges through a multiple case study of completed adaptive reuse projects in Sweden.
The purpose of this study has been to thoroughly examine, from a property owner's perspective, the opportunities and challenges arising from the adaptive reuse of office spaces to residences in Sweden. The research has focused on addressing several key questions to enhance understanding in this field. Firstly, the study analyzes the opportunities and challenges property owners face in the adaptive reuse of office buildings into residences. This includes examining economic, legal, and technical aspects influencing property owners' decision-making processes. Another question addresses how various stakeholders have successfully tackled challenges encountered during the adaptive reuse process. 
By investigating completed adaptive reuse projects, the study contributes to identifying opportunities and obstacles for similar projects in the future. Finally, the research shifts focus to what needs to change to improve the conditions for adaptive reuse projects.
A qualitative method was applied in this study to examine the opportunities and challenges of adaptive reuse and other research questions. The study began with a literature review to identify opportunities and challenges from previous research. Furthermore, a multiple case study strategy was chosen, including five different office-to-residence adaptive reuse projects to gain a deeper understanding of the issues and to compare the data with theory, investigating any discrepancies.
The study reveals that a high vacancy level is crucial for considering the adaptive reuse of office buildings into residences. Despite projects being primarily carried out in central areas, they face challenges such as complaints due to disturbances and logistical issues. Sustainability is prioritized after profitability, and stimulus packages primarily benefit smaller municipalities. Long planning process lead times, parking restrictions, and strict building regulations pose hindrances, affecting profitability and complicating the adaptive reuse of older buildings with cultural-historical value. Environmentally hazardous building materials pose a risk but are typically managed within the project costing. Rent-setting rules do not seem to affect feasibility.
New construction combined with adaptive reuse projects may increase the economic feasibility of the project. Property owners and developers address challenges through prior experiences and understanding of building suitability and technical aspects. Today, challenges in the planning process are resolved through negotiations with the municipality. To facilitate more adaptive reuse projects, suggested measures include adapting regulations, streamlining the planning process, and introducing more flexible zoning plans. Collaboration among industry stakeholders and disseminating knowledge about adaptive reuse are emphasized to promote resource-efficient construction.}},
  author       = {{Miftari, Ardian and Clarin, Jonas}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Hur kan kontor bli hem? - Konvertering av kontorslokaler till bostäder ur ett fastighetsägarperspektiv}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}