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Ekonomiskt våld – okänt, outtalat, oviktigt? – Synen på ekonomiskt våld i samband med straffrättslig reglering av stöld, skadegörelse och grov kvinnofridskränkning

Henricson, Maja LU (2024) JURM02 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Termen ”ekonomiskt våld” är för många ett relativt okänt begrepp, vilket bara under de senaste åren har börjat leta sig in i media och den allmänna samhällsdebatten. Bland forskare betraktas det ekonomiska våldet som mycket allvarligt och framför allt som en stor riskfaktor för att våldsutsatta kvinnor ska stanna i en våldsam relation.

I svensk rätt finns inget straffbud som uttryckligen tar sikte på ekonomiskt våld. Sådana brott brukar därför framför allt hanteras som förmögenhetsbrott enligt 8–10 kap. och 12 kap. BrB. Sedan 2013 kan emellertid brottet skadegörelse, 12 kap. 1 § BrB, ingå i en grov kvinnofridskränkning, 4 kap. 4 a § BrB, genom vilket en serie brott mot en kvinna av en man som hon har en äktenskapsliknande relation med... (More)
Termen ”ekonomiskt våld” är för många ett relativt okänt begrepp, vilket bara under de senaste åren har börjat leta sig in i media och den allmänna samhällsdebatten. Bland forskare betraktas det ekonomiska våldet som mycket allvarligt och framför allt som en stor riskfaktor för att våldsutsatta kvinnor ska stanna i en våldsam relation.

I svensk rätt finns inget straffbud som uttryckligen tar sikte på ekonomiskt våld. Sådana brott brukar därför framför allt hanteras som förmögenhetsbrott enligt 8–10 kap. och 12 kap. BrB. Sedan 2013 kan emellertid brottet skadegörelse, 12 kap. 1 § BrB, ingå i en grov kvinnofridskränkning, 4 kap. 4 a § BrB, genom vilket en serie brott mot en kvinna av en man som hon har en äktenskapsliknande relation med ges ett högre straffvärde. Den till synes fragmenterade hanteringen av ekonomiskt våld gav upphov till uppsatsens första syfte, att utifrån två typfall som riktar sig in på stöld, 8 kap. 1 § BrB respektive skadegörelse, 12 kap. 1 § BrB, undersöka hur ekonomiskt våld omfattas av den nuvarande straffrättsliga regleringen. Utifrån en rättsdogmatisk undersökning dras slutsatsen att det finns tillämpningssvårigheter vid dessa typfall, vilket tolkas bero på att förmögenhetsbrotten inte uppställts för att skydda mot en situation där gärningsman och brottsoffer är närstående. Fastän situationen tycks något mer anpassad för skadegörelsebrottet, bland annat på grund av bestämmelsen grov kvinnofridskränkning, föreligger sådana svårigheter vid både stöld och skadegörelse.

Mot bakgrund av att ekonomiskt våld enbart inbegrips i bestämmelsen grov kvinnofridskränkning i form av skadegörelse, bildades det andra syftet: att genom en kritisk diskursanalys analysera och synliggöra föreställningar om ekonomiskt våld bakom gällande rätt. Diskursen utgjordes därför av de förarbeten där lagstiftaren talar om vilka brott som bör eller inte bör ingå i brottskatalogen i bestämmelsen grov kvinnofridskränkning. Analysen mynnade ut i tre mönster om hur lagstiftaren resonerade kring brottskatalogen i 4 kap. 4 a § BrB, vilka analyserades mot bakgrund av feministisk teoribildning. Utifrån den kritiska diskursanalysen följer slutsatsen att fastän lagstiftaren på senare år öppnat upp för en diskussion om ekonomiskt våld i förhållande till bestämmelsen grov kvinnofridskränkning, verkar fenomenet inte fullt ut erkännas som våld. I förarbetena används ett språkbruk och en argumentation vilken flyttar fokuset från de ekonomiska aspekterna av våldet till annat – såsom kränkningar och kontroll – vilket kan sägas bagatellisera och förringa det ekonomiska våldets effekter och allvar.

Sammanfattningsvis visar uppsatsen att hanteringen av ekonomiskt våld är såsom den inledningsvis framstod – fragmenterad. Fastän uttalandena i förarbetena ger sken av att hanteringen av ekonomiskt våld såsom förmögenhetsbrott är tillfredsställande, tyder rättsläget på att ett sådant resonemang kan ifrågasättas. En sådan hantering uppmärksammar varken det fulla allvaret bakom det ekonomiska våldet eller det faktum att förmögenhetsbrott såsom stöld och skadegörelse kan vara svåra att applicera på en närståendesituation. (Less)
Abstract
The term “economic violence” is a concept that is relatively unfamiliar to many, which only in recent years has begun to find its way into the media and the general social debate. Many researchers regard economic violence as a very serious issue and, above all, as a major risk that may cause women that are victims of domestic violence to stay in a violent relationship.

In Swedish law, there are no criminal offences that explicitly refer to economic violence. Therefore, such acts are usually dealt with primarily as crimes against property according to Chapters 8–10 and 12 of the Penal Code (BrB). Regarding the offence inflicting damage, Chapter 12, Section 1 BrB, there is however, since 2013, the possibility to include the offence in the... (More)
The term “economic violence” is a concept that is relatively unfamiliar to many, which only in recent years has begun to find its way into the media and the general social debate. Many researchers regard economic violence as a very serious issue and, above all, as a major risk that may cause women that are victims of domestic violence to stay in a violent relationship.

In Swedish law, there are no criminal offences that explicitly refer to economic violence. Therefore, such acts are usually dealt with primarily as crimes against property according to Chapters 8–10 and 12 of the Penal Code (BrB). Regarding the offence inflicting damage, Chapter 12, Section 1 BrB, there is however, since 2013, the possibility to include the offence in the crime gross violation of a woman’s integrity, Chapter 4, Section 4 a BrB. According to the offence, a series of crimes against a woman by a man with whom she has a marriage-like relationship is given a higher penal value. The way economic violence appears to be dealt with can be viewed as fragmented, which inspired the initial purpose of the thesis: to examine how economic violence is covered by the current criminal law regulation, based on two typical cases that focus on theft, Chapter 8, Section 1 BrB, and inflicting damage, Chapter 12, Section 1 BrB. Using a legal-dogmatic method, I concluded that there are difficulties regarding the application of law on both typical cases. This is interpreted as being due to the fact that property crimes were not designed to protect the victim against a situation where the offender is a related person. Although the situation seems somewhat more suited regarding the typical case “inflicting damage”, partly because of the regulation gross violation of a woman’s integrity, the difficulties seem to be apparent in both cases.

The fact that economic violence is only included in the regulation on gross violation of a woman’s integrity in the form of inflicting damage inspired the second purpose of the thesis: to, through a critical discourse analysis, analyze and shed light on perceptions of economic violence behind the provision gross violation of a woman’s integrity. The discourse itself consisted of legislative history in which the legislator discussed which offenses should or should not be included in the catalogue of offenses in the provision gross violation of a woman’s integrity. As a result of the analysis, I found three patterns regarding how the legislator talks about which crimes that should be a part of the regulation, that were analyzed according to feminist theory. The conclusion from the study was that although the legislator seems to, in recent years, have opened the discussion about economic violence, it is still not fully realized as violence. Through the language and reasoning in the legislative history, the focus seems to be shifted from the economic aspects of violence to other aspects – such as insults and control – which downplays the importance and seriousness of economic violence.

In conclusion, the thesis illustrates that the way economic violence is addressed in the Penal Code is as it initially appeared – fragmented. Although the statements in the legislative history give the impression that economic violence is handled properly as a property crime, the legal position reveals that such reasoning can be questioned. This approach fails to recognize both the full gravity of economic violence and that crimes against property, such as theft and inflicting damage, may be difficult to apply on offences committed in an intimate relationship. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Henricson, Maja LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Economic violence – unknown, unspoken, unimportant? – Perceptions of economic violence in the context of criminal law regulation of theft, inflicting damage and gross violation of a woman's integrity
course
JURM02 20241
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt (en. criminal law), ekonomiskt våld (en. economic violence), stöld (en. theft), skadegörelse (en. inflicting damage), grov kvinnofridskränkning (en. gross violation of a women's integrity), våldets kontinuum (en. the continuum of violence)
language
Swedish
id
9151924
date added to LUP
2024-06-10 09:00:53
date last changed
2024-06-10 09:00:53
@misc{9151924,
  abstract     = {{The term “economic violence” is a concept that is relatively unfamiliar to many, which only in recent years has begun to find its way into the media and the general social debate. Many researchers regard economic violence as a very serious issue and, above all, as a major risk that may cause women that are victims of domestic violence to stay in a violent relationship.

In Swedish law, there are no criminal offences that explicitly refer to economic violence. Therefore, such acts are usually dealt with primarily as crimes against property according to Chapters 8–10 and 12 of the Penal Code (BrB). Regarding the offence inflicting damage, Chapter 12, Section 1 BrB, there is however, since 2013, the possibility to include the offence in the crime gross violation of a woman’s integrity, Chapter 4, Section 4 a BrB. According to the offence, a series of crimes against a woman by a man with whom she has a marriage-like relationship is given a higher penal value. The way economic violence appears to be dealt with can be viewed as fragmented, which inspired the initial purpose of the thesis: to examine how economic violence is covered by the current criminal law regulation, based on two typical cases that focus on theft, Chapter 8, Section 1 BrB, and inflicting damage, Chapter 12, Section 1 BrB. Using a legal-dogmatic method, I concluded that there are difficulties regarding the application of law on both typical cases. This is interpreted as being due to the fact that property crimes were not designed to protect the victim against a situation where the offender is a related person. Although the situation seems somewhat more suited regarding the typical case “inflicting damage”, partly because of the regulation gross violation of a woman’s integrity, the difficulties seem to be apparent in both cases.

The fact that economic violence is only included in the regulation on gross violation of a woman’s integrity in the form of inflicting damage inspired the second purpose of the thesis: to, through a critical discourse analysis, analyze and shed light on perceptions of economic violence behind the provision gross violation of a woman’s integrity. The discourse itself consisted of legislative history in which the legislator discussed which offenses should or should not be included in the catalogue of offenses in the provision gross violation of a woman’s integrity. As a result of the analysis, I found three patterns regarding how the legislator talks about which crimes that should be a part of the regulation, that were analyzed according to feminist theory. The conclusion from the study was that although the legislator seems to, in recent years, have opened the discussion about economic violence, it is still not fully realized as violence. Through the language and reasoning in the legislative history, the focus seems to be shifted from the economic aspects of violence to other aspects – such as insults and control – which downplays the importance and seriousness of economic violence.

In conclusion, the thesis illustrates that the way economic violence is addressed in the Penal Code is as it initially appeared – fragmented. Although the statements in the legislative history give the impression that economic violence is handled properly as a property crime, the legal position reveals that such reasoning can be questioned. This approach fails to recognize both the full gravity of economic violence and that crimes against property, such as theft and inflicting damage, may be difficult to apply on offences committed in an intimate relationship.}},
  author       = {{Henricson, Maja}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Ekonomiskt våld – okänt, outtalat, oviktigt? – Synen på ekonomiskt våld i samband med straffrättslig reglering av stöld, skadegörelse och grov kvinnofridskränkning}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}