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Barnets bästa vid gränsöverskridande tvångsomhändertaganden av barn inom EU – En uppsats om hur artikel 15 Bryssel II-förordningen och 6 a § LVU förhåller sig till principen om barnets bästa.

Salander, Anna LU (2024) LAGF03 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Uppsatsen har undersökt hur fall av tvångsomhändertagande av barn i EU-interna gränsöverskridande situationer förhåller sig till principen om barnets bästa. Både artikel 15 Bryssel II-förordningen om interimistiska åtgärder och 6 a § LVU har granskats i förhållande till principen om barnets bästa enligt artikel 24 EU-stadgan och FN:s barnkonvention. Uppsatsen har även diskuterat vad principen om barnets bästa definitionsmässigt utgör enligt EU-stadgan och barnkonventionen.
Artikel 7.1 Bryssel II-förordningen anger att huvudregeln är att barnets hemvistland är behörigt i fråga om föräldraansvar. Artikel 15 Bryssel II-förordningen anger däremot att interimistiska, tillfälliga åtgärder får vidtas även om ett land inte är behörigt enligt... (More)
Uppsatsen har undersökt hur fall av tvångsomhändertagande av barn i EU-interna gränsöverskridande situationer förhåller sig till principen om barnets bästa. Både artikel 15 Bryssel II-förordningen om interimistiska åtgärder och 6 a § LVU har granskats i förhållande till principen om barnets bästa enligt artikel 24 EU-stadgan och FN:s barnkonvention. Uppsatsen har även diskuterat vad principen om barnets bästa definitionsmässigt utgör enligt EU-stadgan och barnkonventionen.
Artikel 7.1 Bryssel II-förordningen anger att huvudregeln är att barnets hemvistland är behörigt i fråga om föräldraansvar. Artikel 15 Bryssel II-förordningen anger däremot att interimistiska, tillfälliga åtgärder får vidtas även om ett land inte är behörigt enligt huvudregeln. EU-domstolen har klargjort att tvångsomhändertagande av barn definieras som en civilrättslig fråga inom tillämpningsområdet för Bryssel II-förordningen. Barn med hemvist i annat EU-land ska alltså kunna åtnjuta LVU:s skydd vad gäller interimistiska åtgärder om åtgärder enligt behörig utländsk myndighet inte kan avvaktas och om det är sannolikt att den unge behöver tillfällig vård enligt LVU. Detta har klargjorts i den relativt nya bestämmelsen 6 a § LVU. I såväl Bryssel II-förordningen som LVU anges att hänsyn ska tas till barnets bästa, och principen ska enligt Bryssel II-förordningen tolkas mot bakgrund av artikel 24 EU-stadgan och FN:s barnkonvention. Uppsatsen har diskuterat sambanden mellan regelverken och vad detta i praktiken innebär. Rättsläget har även kritiskt granskats utifrån principen om barnets bästa.
Barnets bästa är en komplex princip som kräver en individuell bedömning i varje enskilt fall utifrån relevanta omständigheter. Det krävs också en intresseavvägning; i fall av tvångsomhändertagande kan det exempelvis vara mellan rätten till bevarandet av familjen och rätten att skyddas från övergrepp eller vanvård. Det är därför svårdefinierat även om barnkonventionen och EU-stadgan anger utgångspunkter för bedömningen. Trots att Bryssel II-förordningen hänvisar till barnets bästa flera gånger innehåller förordningen ingen egen bestämmelse om vad det innebär.
Målsättningen med 6 a § LVU är att alla barn ska ha rätt att åtnjuta LVU:s skydd, att barn ska behandlas lika och att hänsyn ska tas till barnets bästa. Trots detta finns det en problematik i frågor om barnets hemvist, eftersom denna bedömning är avgörande för utifrån vilken bestämmelse tvångs-omhändertagandet beslutas. Uppsatsen fastställer att det finns en risk att socialnämnden har svårt för att göra en korrekt hemvistbedömning i brådskande situationer, vilket kan orsaka behörighetsproblem för fortsatt vård. Det finns alltså en risk att barn som vistas i Sverige med hemvist i annat EU-land inte får den hjälp som behövs enligt LVU, trots att lagstiftningen fastställer att hänsyn ska tas till barnets bästa. 6 a § LVU är däremot en relativt ny bestämmelse och praxis har ännu inte hunnit bildas avseende relationen till barnets bästa. Av den anledningen är det svårt att dra slutsatser hur domstolar i praktiken kommer att bedöma de situationer som kritik framförts emot. (Less)
Abstract
The essay has investigated how cases of forced custody of children in cross-border situations in the EU relate to the principle of the best interest of the child. Both Article 15 Brussels II Regulation on provisional, including protective, measures in urgent cases and § 6 a LVU have been reviewed in relation to the principle of the best interest of the child according to Article 24 of the EU Charter and the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child. The essay has also discussed what the principle of the best interest of the child is, in terms of definition, according to the EU Charter and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Article 7.1 of the Brussels II Regulation states that the principal rule is that the child's... (More)
The essay has investigated how cases of forced custody of children in cross-border situations in the EU relate to the principle of the best interest of the child. Both Article 15 Brussels II Regulation on provisional, including protective, measures in urgent cases and § 6 a LVU have been reviewed in relation to the principle of the best interest of the child according to Article 24 of the EU Charter and the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child. The essay has also discussed what the principle of the best interest of the child is, in terms of definition, according to the EU Charter and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Article 7.1 of the Brussels II Regulation states that the principal rule is that the child's country of habitual residence shall have jurisdiction in matters of parental responsibility. Article 15 of the Brussels II Regulation, on the other hand, states that provisional, protective measures may be taken even if a country does not have jurisdiction according to the principal rule. The Court of Justice of the European Union has clarified that forced custody of children is defined as a civil matter within the scope of the Brussels II Regulation. Children with residence in another EU country must therefore be able to enjoy the protection in LVU in terms of provisional, protective measures if measures by the foreign authority with jurisdiction cannot be waited for and if it is likely that the young person needs temporary care according to the LVU. This has been clarified in the relatively new regulation of § 6 a LVU. In both the Brussels II Regulation and the LVU it is stated that the best interest of the child must be considered, and according to the Brussels II Regulation the principle shall be interpreted in the light of Article 24 of the EU Charter and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The essay has discussed the connections between the regulations and what this means. The regulations have also been critically examined based on the principle of the best interest of the child.
The best interest of the child is a complex principle that requires an individual evaluation in each individual case based on relevant circumstances. A balancing of interests is also required; in cases of forced custody, for example, it may be between the right to the preservation of the family and the right to be protected from abuse or neglect. It is therefore difficult to define even if the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the EU Charter specify some points for the evaluation. Although the Brussels II regulation refers to the best interest of the child several times, the regulation does not contain its own provision on what this means.
The aim of § 6 a LVU is that all children shall have the right to enjoy LVU's protection, that children must be treated equally, and that consideration must be given to the child's best interest. Despite this, there may be a problem in matters of the child's place of habitual residence, because this evaluation is decisive for the basis of which paragraph the provisional measure is decided. The essay establishes that there is a risk that it is difficult for the Swedish Social Service Authority to make a correct residence evaluation in urgent situations, which can cause application problems for continued care. There is thus a risk that children in Sweden with residence in another EU country will not receive the help needed according to LVU, even though the legislation establishes that consideration must be given to the child's best interest. § 6 a LVU is, on the other hand, relatively new and its relation to the best interest of the child has not yet been assessed in court. For that reason, it is difficult to draw conclusions about how courts will assess the situations that have been criticized. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Salander, Anna LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20241
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Internationell privaträtt (en. private international law), socialrätt (en. social and welfare law)
language
Swedish
id
9152508
date added to LUP
2024-06-26 12:17:57
date last changed
2024-06-26 12:17:57
@misc{9152508,
  abstract     = {{The essay has investigated how cases of forced custody of children in cross-border situations in the EU relate to the principle of the best interest of the child. Both Article 15 Brussels II Regulation on provisional, including protective, measures in urgent cases and § 6 a LVU have been reviewed in relation to the principle of the best interest of the child according to Article 24 of the EU Charter and the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child. The essay has also discussed what the principle of the best interest of the child is, in terms of definition, according to the EU Charter and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. 
Article 7.1 of the Brussels II Regulation states that the principal rule is that the child's country of habitual residence shall have jurisdiction in matters of parental responsibility. Article 15 of the Brussels II Regulation, on the other hand, states that provisional, protective measures may be taken even if a country does not have jurisdiction according to the principal rule. The Court of Justice of the European Union has clarified that forced custody of children is defined as a civil matter within the scope of the Brussels II Regulation. Children with residence in another EU country must therefore be able to enjoy the protection in LVU in terms of provisional, protective measures if measures by the foreign authority with jurisdiction cannot be waited for and if it is likely that the young person needs temporary care according to the LVU. This has been clarified in the relatively new regulation of § 6 a LVU. In both the Brussels II Regulation and the LVU it is stated that the best interest of the child must be considered, and according to the Brussels II Regulation the principle shall be interpreted in the light of Article 24 of the EU Charter and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The essay has discussed the connections between the regulations and what this means. The regulations have also been critically examined based on the principle of the best interest of the child.
The best interest of the child is a complex principle that requires an individual evaluation in each individual case based on relevant circumstances. A balancing of interests is also required; in cases of forced custody, for example, it may be between the right to the preservation of the family and the right to be protected from abuse or neglect. It is therefore difficult to define even if the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the EU Charter specify some points for the evaluation. Although the Brussels II regulation refers to the best interest of the child several times, the regulation does not contain its own provision on what this means.
The aim of § 6 a LVU is that all children shall have the right to enjoy LVU's protection, that children must be treated equally, and that consideration must be given to the child's best interest. Despite this, there may be a problem in matters of the child's place of habitual residence, because this evaluation is decisive for the basis of which paragraph the provisional measure is decided. The essay establishes that there is a risk that it is difficult for the Swedish Social Service Authority to make a correct residence evaluation in urgent situations, which can cause application problems for continued care. There is thus a risk that children in Sweden with residence in another EU country will not receive the help needed according to LVU, even though the legislation establishes that consideration must be given to the child's best interest. § 6 a LVU is, on the other hand, relatively new and its relation to the best interest of the child has not yet been assessed in court. For that reason, it is difficult to draw conclusions about how courts will assess the situations that have been criticized.}},
  author       = {{Salander, Anna}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Barnets bästa vid gränsöverskridande tvångsomhändertaganden av barn inom EU – En uppsats om hur artikel 15 Bryssel II-förordningen och 6 a § LVU förhåller sig till principen om barnets bästa.}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}