Psykisk misshandel - Kriminaliseringens utmaningar med legalitet och effektivitet
(2024) LAGF03 20241Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- Psychological violence is to some extent criminalized by existing penal provisions. Nonetheless, studies show that these provisions are rarely applied to psychological violence, even though the wording of the provisions allows it. Psychological violence has therefore been the subject of several legislative projects over the years. However, specifically criminalizing psychological violence has never been considered possible. The prohibition of indeterminacy of the principle of legality has always put an end to the criminalization of psychological violence.
In August 2022, Ds 2022:18 was published, in which the investigator proposes the introduction of psychological abuse as a new crime in Chapter 3, Section 5a of the Penal Code (BrB). The... (More) - Psychological violence is to some extent criminalized by existing penal provisions. Nonetheless, studies show that these provisions are rarely applied to psychological violence, even though the wording of the provisions allows it. Psychological violence has therefore been the subject of several legislative projects over the years. However, specifically criminalizing psychological violence has never been considered possible. The prohibition of indeterminacy of the principle of legality has always put an end to the criminalization of psychological violence.
In August 2022, Ds 2022:18 was published, in which the investigator proposes the introduction of psychological abuse as a new crime in Chapter 3, Section 5a of the Penal Code (BrB). The purpose of the paper is to critically examine whether this new proposal is compatible with the prohibition of indeterminacy and the principle of effectiveness. An unpredictable and unclear penal provision is considered to violate the prohibition of indeterminacy. However, an excessively limited and precise penal provision is considered to make the penalty difficult to apply and thus ineffective and unjustified.
The analysis in this paper shows that the proposed offence is likely to meet the effectiveness requirements of criminalization. The report makes it clear that many acts of psychological violence, including abusive, condescending and controlling acts, fall outside the scope of criminalization. Specific criminalization is furthermore assumed to signal the seriousness of the offence, both to law enforcement and to the public. Still, this proposal is considered to be in conflict with the principle of legality's prohibition of indeterminacy. The criteria for criminalization is considered too general and the scope of application too difficult to define. The fact that non-criminalized acts, together with an unknown number of other non-criminalized acts, in cases where the acts together reach a certain level of seriousness, should constitute a serious crime requires greater predictability. The margin of appreciation left to the court is considered too wide. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Psykiskt våld är i viss utsträckning kriminaliserat genom befintliga straffbud. Utredningar påvisar dock att dessa straffbud sällan tillämpas på psykiskt våld trots att bestämmelsernas ordalydelse tillåter det. Psykiskt våld har därför varit föremål för åtskilliga lagstiftningsprojekt genom åren. Att kriminalisera psykiskt våld särskilt har emellertid aldrig ansetts möjligt enligt de lydelser som föreslagits. Legalitetsprincipens obestämdhetsförbud har alltid satt stopp för kriminaliseringen.
I augusti 2022 publicerades Ds 2022:18 där utredaren föreslår införandet av psykisk misshandel som brott i 3 kap. 5 a § BrB. Uppsatsen syftar till att ur ett kritiskt perspektiv utreda huruvida detta nya förslag är förenligt med obestämdhetsförbudet... (More) - Psykiskt våld är i viss utsträckning kriminaliserat genom befintliga straffbud. Utredningar påvisar dock att dessa straffbud sällan tillämpas på psykiskt våld trots att bestämmelsernas ordalydelse tillåter det. Psykiskt våld har därför varit föremål för åtskilliga lagstiftningsprojekt genom åren. Att kriminalisera psykiskt våld särskilt har emellertid aldrig ansetts möjligt enligt de lydelser som föreslagits. Legalitetsprincipens obestämdhetsförbud har alltid satt stopp för kriminaliseringen.
I augusti 2022 publicerades Ds 2022:18 där utredaren föreslår införandet av psykisk misshandel som brott i 3 kap. 5 a § BrB. Uppsatsen syftar till att ur ett kritiskt perspektiv utreda huruvida detta nya förslag är förenligt med obestämdhetsförbudet samt effektivitetsprincipen. Ett oförutsebart, otydligt och obestämt straffbud anses strida mot obestämdhetsförbudet. Ett allt för avgränsat och precist straffbud anses emellertid göra straffbudet svårtillämpat och således ineffektivt samt omotiverat.
Uppsatsens analys visar att det förslagna brottet troligtvis uppfyller kriminaliseringens krav på effektivitet. Utredningen klargör nämligen att mängder av psykiska våldsakter, däribland kränkande, nedlåtande och kontrollerande handlingar, faller utanför det straffbelagda området. Särskild kriminalisering antas vidare signalsända gärningstypens allvarlighetsgrad, både för rättstillämparen och allmänheten. Likt tidigare förslag, anses emellertid även detta förslag stå i strid med legalitetsprincipens obestämdhetsförbud. Straffbudets handlingsrekvisit anses för allmänt hållna och tillämpningsområdet för svårt att avgränsa. Att icke kriminaliserade gärningar, tillsammans med ett okänt antal andra icke kriminaliserade gärningar, i de fall gärningarna tillsammans uppnår viss nivå av svårhet, ska utgöra ett allvarligt brott fordrar en större förutsebarhet. Bedömningsmarginalen som lämnas till rättstillämparen anses för stor. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9152605
- author
- Nikolausson, Julia LU
- supervisor
-
- Per Nilsén LU
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20241
- year
- 2024
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- straffrätt, psykisk misshandel, Ds 2022:18, psykiskt våld, legalitetsprincipen, obestämdhetsförbudet, effektivitetsprincipen, kriminalisering
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9152605
- date added to LUP
- 2024-06-26 12:09:44
- date last changed
- 2024-06-26 12:09:44
@misc{9152605,
abstract = {{Psychological violence is to some extent criminalized by existing penal provisions. Nonetheless, studies show that these provisions are rarely applied to psychological violence, even though the wording of the provisions allows it. Psychological violence has therefore been the subject of several legislative projects over the years. However, specifically criminalizing psychological violence has never been considered possible. The prohibition of indeterminacy of the principle of legality has always put an end to the criminalization of psychological violence.
In August 2022, Ds 2022:18 was published, in which the investigator proposes the introduction of psychological abuse as a new crime in Chapter 3, Section 5a of the Penal Code (BrB). The purpose of the paper is to critically examine whether this new proposal is compatible with the prohibition of indeterminacy and the principle of effectiveness. An unpredictable and unclear penal provision is considered to violate the prohibition of indeterminacy. However, an excessively limited and precise penal provision is considered to make the penalty difficult to apply and thus ineffective and unjustified.
The analysis in this paper shows that the proposed offence is likely to meet the effectiveness requirements of criminalization. The report makes it clear that many acts of psychological violence, including abusive, condescending and controlling acts, fall outside the scope of criminalization. Specific criminalization is furthermore assumed to signal the seriousness of the offence, both to law enforcement and to the public. Still, this proposal is considered to be in conflict with the principle of legality's prohibition of indeterminacy. The criteria for criminalization is considered too general and the scope of application too difficult to define. The fact that non-criminalized acts, together with an unknown number of other non-criminalized acts, in cases where the acts together reach a certain level of seriousness, should constitute a serious crime requires greater predictability. The margin of appreciation left to the court is considered too wide.}},
author = {{Nikolausson, Julia}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Psykisk misshandel - Kriminaliseringens utmaningar med legalitet och effektivitet}},
year = {{2024}},
}