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Svensk ordre public: Då utgör grunderna för den svenska rättsordningen hinder mot erkännande och verkställighet av utländska skiljedomar

Forfang Righard, Ludvig LU (2024) JURM02 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
År 1958 trädde New York-konventionen om erkännande och verkställighet av utländska skiljedomar (NYK) i kraft. Även om det funnits föregångare, markerar konventionens tillkomst startskottet för skiljeförfarandets starka ställning som internationell tvistlösningsmetod. Den välvilliga inställning som konventionen har gentemot erkännande och verkställighet av utländska skiljedomar har accepterats av de konventionsanslutna staterna och skapat mycket goda förutsättningar för fri rörelse vad beträffar skiljedomar. Ett av undantagen som bryter presumtionen om att en utländsk skiljedom ska kunna erkännas och verkställas i en konventionsansluten stat är om ett så-dant erkännande/verkställande är uppenbart oförenligt med grunderna i den rättsordning... (More)
År 1958 trädde New York-konventionen om erkännande och verkställighet av utländska skiljedomar (NYK) i kraft. Även om det funnits föregångare, markerar konventionens tillkomst startskottet för skiljeförfarandets starka ställning som internationell tvistlösningsmetod. Den välvilliga inställning som konventionen har gentemot erkännande och verkställighet av utländska skiljedomar har accepterats av de konventionsanslutna staterna och skapat mycket goda förutsättningar för fri rörelse vad beträffar skiljedomar. Ett av undantagen som bryter presumtionen om att en utländsk skiljedom ska kunna erkännas och verkställas i en konventionsansluten stat är om ett så-dant erkännande/verkställande är uppenbart oförenligt med grunderna i den rättsordning där erkännandet eller verkställandet söks, ordre public.
Denna uppsats undersöker begreppet ordre public ur ett svenskt perspektiv, särskilt vad gäller erkännande och verkställighet av utländska skiljedomar. Först tillhandahålls en detaljerad undersökning av grunderna för att vägra verkställighet enligt både NYK och svensk lagstiftning. NYK, särskilt arti-kel V, beskriver situationer där verkställighet kan vägras, såsom vid ogiltiga skiljeavtal, att parterna inte varit behöriga att ingå skiljeavtalet, att den part som skiljedomen åberopas mot inte har kunnat utföra sin talan eller om ett erkännande eller verkställande av skiljedomen skulle stå i strid med ordre public. På samma sätt överensstämmer den svenska lagen om skiljeförfa-rande nära med dessa hindergrunder men gäller även i förhållande till skilje-domar som meddelats i en icke-konventionsomsluten stat.
Ordre public-förbehållet, som även förekommer i flera andra delar av den svenska internationella privat- och processrätten, behandlas utförligt genom granskning av förarbeten, doktrin och framför allt rättstillämpning. Svenska domstolar har varit väldigt försiktiga och vad gäller förbehållets allmänna tillämpning, det vill säga tillämpningen i andra sammanhang än för verkstäl-lighet av utländska skiljedomar, riktas viss kritik mot att förbehållet inte till-lämpades i ett avgörande som avsåg giltigheten av ett äktenskap där ena parten varit underårig enligt svensk rätt vid äktenskapets ingående.
Vad gäller de specifika omständigheter under vilka det svenska ordre pub-lic-undantaget kan tillämpas för att förhindra verkställighet av utländska skiljedomar dras slutsatsen att förbehållet mycket sällan äger tillämpning, mycket på grund av skiljeförfarandets kommersiella natur vilket innebär att flera av de situationer där ordre public-förbehållet generellt skulle vara till-lämpligt inte torde bli föremål för skiljeförfaranden. Exempel på när verk-ställighet av utländska skiljedomar skulle kunna bli aktuellt med hänsyn till förbehållet inkluderar skiljedomar som erhållits genom bedrägeri eller kor-ruption, domar som är oförenliga med EU-lagstiftning eller sådana som krä-ver handlingar som är olagliga enligt svensk lag.
Avslutningsvis framhålls att domstolarna bör fortsätta att tillämpa undanta-get restriktivt när det gäller erkännande och verkställighet av utländska skil-jedomar, i enlighet med syftet med NYK. (Less)
Abstract
In 1958, the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (NYC) came into force. Although there had been predecessors, the adoption of the convention marks the beginning of arbitra-tion's strong position as an international dispute resolution method. The fa-vourable stance that the convention has towards the recognition and en-forcement of foreign arbitral awards has been accepted by the contracting states and has created very favourable conditions for the free movement of arbitral awards. One of the exceptions that breaks the presumption that a foreign arbitral award should be recognized and enforced in a contracting state is if such recognition/enforcement is manifestly incompatible with the public... (More)
In 1958, the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (NYC) came into force. Although there had been predecessors, the adoption of the convention marks the beginning of arbitra-tion's strong position as an international dispute resolution method. The fa-vourable stance that the convention has towards the recognition and en-forcement of foreign arbitral awards has been accepted by the contracting states and has created very favourable conditions for the free movement of arbitral awards. One of the exceptions that breaks the presumption that a foreign arbitral award should be recognized and enforced in a contracting state is if such recognition/enforcement is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the country where recognition or enforcement is sought.
This thesis examines the concept of ordre public from a Swedish perspec-tive, particularly regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbi-tral awards. First, a detailed examination of the grounds for refusing en-forcement under both the NYC and Swedish legislation is provided. The NYC, particularly Article V, describes situations where enforcement can be refused, such as in the cases of invalid arbitration agreements, the parties not being competent to enter into the arbitration agreement, the party against whom the award is invoked being unable to present their case, or if recogni-tion or enforcement of the award would be contrary to ordre public. Similar-ly, the Swedish Arbitration Act closely aligns with these grounds but also applies to awards rendered in a non-convention state.
The ordre public reservation, which also appears in several other parts of Swedish international private and procedural law, is treated extensively by examining preparatory works, doctrine, and above all, legal practice. Swe-dish courts have been very careful and what regards the general application of the reservation, that is, its application in contexts other than the enforce-ment of foreign arbitral awards, some criticism is directed at the fact that the reservation was not applied in a case concerning the validity of a marriage where one party was underage according to Swedish law at the time of the marriage.
Regarding the specific circumstances under which the Swedish ordre public exception can be applied to prevent the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, it is concluded that the reservation very rarely applies, largely due to the commercial nature of arbitration, which means that several of the situa-tions where the ordre public reservation would generally be applicable are unlikely to be subject to arbitration. Examples of when the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards could become relevant concerning the reservation include awards obtained through fraud or corruption, awards that are in-compatible with EU legislation, or awards that require actions that are illegal under Swedish law.
In conclusion, it is emphasized that the courts should continue to apply the exception restrictively regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, in accordance with the purpose of the NYC. (Less)
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author
Forfang Righard, Ludvig LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Swedish public policy: When the foundations of the Swedish legal system prevent the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards
course
JURM02 20241
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
civilrätt, civilprocessrätt, skiljeförfarande, skiljemannarätt, Ordre public, Public policy, New York Convention, New York-Konventionen, svensk internationell privat- och processrätt
language
Swedish
id
9152670
date added to LUP
2024-06-11 15:54:31
date last changed
2024-06-11 15:54:31
@misc{9152670,
  abstract     = {{In 1958, the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (NYC) came into force. Although there had been predecessors, the adoption of the convention marks the beginning of arbitra-tion's strong position as an international dispute resolution method. The fa-vourable stance that the convention has towards the recognition and en-forcement of foreign arbitral awards has been accepted by the contracting states and has created very favourable conditions for the free movement of arbitral awards. One of the exceptions that breaks the presumption that a foreign arbitral award should be recognized and enforced in a contracting state is if such recognition/enforcement is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (ordre public) of the country where recognition or enforcement is sought.
This thesis examines the concept of ordre public from a Swedish perspec-tive, particularly regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbi-tral awards. First, a detailed examination of the grounds for refusing en-forcement under both the NYC and Swedish legislation is provided. The NYC, particularly Article V, describes situations where enforcement can be refused, such as in the cases of invalid arbitration agreements, the parties not being competent to enter into the arbitration agreement, the party against whom the award is invoked being unable to present their case, or if recogni-tion or enforcement of the award would be contrary to ordre public. Similar-ly, the Swedish Arbitration Act closely aligns with these grounds but also applies to awards rendered in a non-convention state.
The ordre public reservation, which also appears in several other parts of Swedish international private and procedural law, is treated extensively by examining preparatory works, doctrine, and above all, legal practice. Swe-dish courts have been very careful and what regards the general application of the reservation, that is, its application in contexts other than the enforce-ment of foreign arbitral awards, some criticism is directed at the fact that the reservation was not applied in a case concerning the validity of a marriage where one party was underage according to Swedish law at the time of the marriage.
Regarding the specific circumstances under which the Swedish ordre public exception can be applied to prevent the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, it is concluded that the reservation very rarely applies, largely due to the commercial nature of arbitration, which means that several of the situa-tions where the ordre public reservation would generally be applicable are unlikely to be subject to arbitration. Examples of when the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards could become relevant concerning the reservation include awards obtained through fraud or corruption, awards that are in-compatible with EU legislation, or awards that require actions that are illegal under Swedish law.
In conclusion, it is emphasized that the courts should continue to apply the exception restrictively regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, in accordance with the purpose of the NYC.}},
  author       = {{Forfang Righard, Ludvig}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Svensk ordre public: Då utgör grunderna för den svenska rättsordningen hinder mot erkännande och verkställighet av utländska skiljedomar}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}