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Visitationszoner – förenligt med barns rättigheter? En analys av polisens befogenheter till kroppsvisitation i förebyggande syfte ur ett barnrättsperspektiv

Fathallah, Yasmina LU (2024) JURM02 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Gang-related crime has increased significaly in Sweden. For this reason, the government has introduced visitation zones as a tool to combat this issue. Within this zone, the police will be given extended authority to search for weapons and other dangerous objects on people and vehicles without concrete suspicion of crime. Visitation zones pose a complex issue where many strong interests stand against each other. Through a legal analytical method, the aim of the thesis has been to investigate what changes the new regulation on vis-itation zones entails in relation to the legal protection of children as well as to analyze the regulations from a child rights perspective.

The investigation in the thesis clarifies that the protection against... (More)
Gang-related crime has increased significaly in Sweden. For this reason, the government has introduced visitation zones as a tool to combat this issue. Within this zone, the police will be given extended authority to search for weapons and other dangerous objects on people and vehicles without concrete suspicion of crime. Visitation zones pose a complex issue where many strong interests stand against each other. Through a legal analytical method, the aim of the thesis has been to investigate what changes the new regulation on vis-itation zones entails in relation to the legal protection of children as well as to analyze the regulations from a child rights perspective.

The investigation in the thesis clarifies that the protection against body search-es is covered by chapter 2, section 6 of the Instrument of Government (1974:152), article 16 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This right can be restricted by law if the limitation meets the legality require-ment, the purpose requirement, the necessity requirement, and the proportion-ality requirement. The conclusions in the thesis are that the purpose of intro-ducing the visitation zones is legitimate and appropriate, but it can be ques-tioned whether it is necessary and proportionate. This is in consideration of the fact body searches in accordance with Section 19, second paragraph, point 1 of the Police Act (SFS: 1984:387).

Additionally, children are protected against discrimination in accordance with Chapter 2, Section 17 of the Discrimination Act (SFS 2008:567), Chapter 2, Section 12 of the Instrument of Government, article 2 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and Article 14 of the ECHR. Through this petition, it can be concluded that the possibilities for protection against discrimination are limited. Furthermore, the best interests of the child accord-ing to article 3 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child should always be taken into account in all decisions concerning children. However, it has been shown in the thesis that the government has failed in this when introducing the visitation zones as they have not conducted any child impact analysis or gathered the children's opinions.

The expected benefit of the visitation zones is to provide the police with effec-tive means to prevent shootings and explosions. Given the identified risks of infringement of children's personal integrity, discrimination and the lack of consideration for the best interests of the child, it is concluded that the visita-tion zones constitute an excessive intervention on children's legal protection and should not have been implemented. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Den gängrelaterade brottsligheten har ökat kraftigt i Sverige. Regeringen har av denna anledning infört visitationszoner som ett verktyg för att bekämpa detta. Inom zonen ska polisen få utökade befogenheter att söka efter vapen och andra farliga föremål på människor och fordon utan konkret brottsmiss-tanke. Visitationszoner är ett komplext problem där många starka intressen står mot varandra. Uppsatsens syfte har varit att, med hjälp av en rättsanaly-tisk metod, utreda vilken förändring de nya bestämmelserna om visitationszo-ner innebär i förhållande till barns rättsliga skydd samt att analysera regelver-ket utifrån ett barnrättsperspektiv.

Genom utredningen i uppsatsen står det klart att skyddet mot kroppsvisitation omfattas av 2 kap.... (More)
Den gängrelaterade brottsligheten har ökat kraftigt i Sverige. Regeringen har av denna anledning infört visitationszoner som ett verktyg för att bekämpa detta. Inom zonen ska polisen få utökade befogenheter att söka efter vapen och andra farliga föremål på människor och fordon utan konkret brottsmiss-tanke. Visitationszoner är ett komplext problem där många starka intressen står mot varandra. Uppsatsens syfte har varit att, med hjälp av en rättsanaly-tisk metod, utreda vilken förändring de nya bestämmelserna om visitationszo-ner innebär i förhållande till barns rättsliga skydd samt att analysera regelver-ket utifrån ett barnrättsperspektiv.

Genom utredningen i uppsatsen står det klart att skyddet mot kroppsvisitation omfattas av 2 kap. 6 § i Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform (RF), artikel 16 i Förenta nationernas konvention om barnets rättigheter (barnkonventionen) och artikel 8 i Europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna (EKMR). Denna rättighet får begränsas genom lag om begränsningen uppfyller lagkravet, än-damålskravet, nödvändighetskravet och proportionalitetskravet. De slutsatser som följer i uppsatsen är att syftet med införandet av visitationszonerna är legitimt och ändamålsenligt men att det kan ifrågasättas huruvida det är nöd-vändigt och proportionerligt. Detta med hänsyn till att polisen redan har långt-gående möjligheter till kroppsvisitation i enlighet med 19 § andra stycket 1 p. polislagen (SFS: 1984:387) (PL).

Därutöver är barn skyddade mot diskriminering i enlighet med 2 kap. 17 § diskrimineringslagen (SFS 2008:567) (DL), 2 kap. 12 § RF, artikel 2 i barn-konventionen och artikel 14 i EKMR. Genom denna framställning kan det konkluderas att möjligheterna till ett skydd mot diskriminering är begränsad. Därtill ska barnets bästa enligt artikel tre i barnkonventionen alltid beaktas vid alla beslut som rör barn. Det har dock påvisats i uppsatsen att regeringen har brustit i detta vid införandet av visitationszonerna då de inte har gjort någon barnkonsekvensanalys eller inhämtat barnens åsikter.

Den förväntade nyttan med visitationszonerna är att de ska ge polisen effek-tiva medel att förhindra skjutningar och sprängningar. Mot bakgrund av de identifierade riskerna för intrång i barns personliga integritet, diskriminering och avsaknad av barnets bästa i bedömningen dras en slutsats om att visitat-ionszonerna utgör ett för stort ingrepp i barns rättsliga skydd och att de inte borde ha införts. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Fathallah, Yasmina LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Visitation zones - compatible with children's rights? An analysis of the police's authority to conduct body searches for preventive purposes from a children's rights perspective
course
JURM02 20241
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, barn, barnrättsperspektiv, visitationszoner, kroppsvisitation, diskriminering
language
Swedish
id
9152908
date added to LUP
2024-06-04 11:12:24
date last changed
2024-06-04 11:12:24
@misc{9152908,
  abstract     = {{Gang-related crime has increased significaly in Sweden. For this reason, the government has introduced visitation zones as a tool to combat this issue. Within this zone, the police will be given extended authority to search for weapons and other dangerous objects on people and vehicles without concrete suspicion of crime. Visitation zones pose a complex issue where many strong interests stand against each other. Through a legal analytical method, the aim of the thesis has been to investigate what changes the new regulation on vis-itation zones entails in relation to the legal protection of children as well as to analyze the regulations from a child rights perspective.

The investigation in the thesis clarifies that the protection against body search-es is covered by chapter 2, section 6 of the Instrument of Government (1974:152), article 16 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This right can be restricted by law if the limitation meets the legality require-ment, the purpose requirement, the necessity requirement, and the proportion-ality requirement. The conclusions in the thesis are that the purpose of intro-ducing the visitation zones is legitimate and appropriate, but it can be ques-tioned whether it is necessary and proportionate. This is in consideration of the fact body searches in accordance with Section 19, second paragraph, point 1 of the Police Act (SFS: 1984:387). 

Additionally, children are protected against discrimination in accordance with Chapter 2, Section 17 of the Discrimination Act (SFS 2008:567), Chapter 2, Section 12 of the Instrument of Government, article 2 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and Article 14 of the ECHR. Through this petition, it can be concluded that the possibilities for protection against discrimination are limited. Furthermore, the best interests of the child accord-ing to article 3 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child should always be taken into account in all decisions concerning children. However, it has been shown in the thesis that the government has failed in this when introducing the visitation zones as they have not conducted any child impact analysis or gathered the children's opinions.

The expected benefit of the visitation zones is to provide the police with effec-tive means to prevent shootings and explosions. Given the identified risks of infringement of children's personal integrity, discrimination and the lack of consideration for the best interests of the child, it is concluded that the visita-tion zones constitute an excessive intervention on children's legal protection and should not have been implemented.}},
  author       = {{Fathallah, Yasmina}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Visitationszoner – förenligt med barns rättigheter? En analys av polisens befogenheter till kroppsvisitation i förebyggande syfte ur ett barnrättsperspektiv}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}