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BEFIT: Harmoniserande eller komplicerande - en studie av BEFIT och dess potentiella inverkningar på svensk bolagsbeskattning

Nordh, Nils LU (2024) JURM02 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
For a long time, the European Commission has unsuccessfully tried to in-troduce a common consolidated tax base for groups operating within the EU. The latest attempt, the directive proposal BEFIT, was presented in 2023. The purpose of BEFIT is to introduce regulations that result in a common consolidated tax base for larger groups within the EU, enable cross-border loss relief for these and reduce compliance work for the cov-ered groups. BEFIT was presented after several comprehensive directives in the field of direct taxation were adopted by the EU. The EU-commission therefore see an opportunity to successfully create common rules in this area as well.
The purpose of the essay is to investigate and comment on BEFIT's regula-tions for... (More)
For a long time, the European Commission has unsuccessfully tried to in-troduce a common consolidated tax base for groups operating within the EU. The latest attempt, the directive proposal BEFIT, was presented in 2023. The purpose of BEFIT is to introduce regulations that result in a common consolidated tax base for larger groups within the EU, enable cross-border loss relief for these and reduce compliance work for the cov-ered groups. BEFIT was presented after several comprehensive directives in the field of direct taxation were adopted by the EU. The EU-commission therefore see an opportunity to successfully create common rules in this area as well.
The purpose of the essay is to investigate and comment on BEFIT's regula-tions for the determination of a common tax base for groups. A comparison will then be made between BEFIT's regulations for determining tax bases and the Swedish regulations that govern the corresponding areas. Finally, the potential effects of an implementation of BEFIT's regulations on Swe-dish corporate taxation are analysed.
It can be stated that BEFIT contains a long series of detailed provisions that deal with both the types of items to be included in groups' tax bases and how the tax base is then to be distributed between the various group companies. However, BEFIT contains many undefined concepts and ambi-guities that make it difficult to interpret the draft directive. In many parts, the regulations differ significantly from the Swedish regulations in the corresponding area. Among other things, BEFIT's regulations result in Swedish companies using other accounting standards than Swedish GAAP and/or IFRS, which can lead to differences between the result and tax base for different Swedish companies. There are also significant differences between how different types of items in the accounting are treated accord-ing to BEFIT and according to Swedish law. However, one of the biggest effects would be the possibilities for lowered requirements for loss-relief for the companies covered by BEFIT compared to those who are covered by Swedish regulations. There is also an increased risk that BEFIT would facilitate tax planning as a new valuation of the company's assets must be made upon entry into a BEFIT-group. This can lead to untaxed value in-creases. Finally, it can be stated that BEFIT's ambiguities and lack of defi-nitions result in difficulties in interpreting the regulations and may lead to uncertainties regarding what is the applicable law. An alternative to reme-dy the difficulties of interpreting the regulations that should further be studied could be to stipulate that all entities covered by BEFIT or future proposals should use IFRS. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Under en längre tid har EU-kommissionen utan framgång försökt införa en gemensam skattebas för koncerner som verkar inom EU. Det senaste för-söket, direktivförslaget BEFIT, presenterades 2023. Syftet med BEFIT är att införa bestämmelser som resulterar i en gemensam skattebas för större koncerner inom EU, att möjliggöra enklare gränsöverskridande resultatutjämning för dessa samt underlätta och effektivisera compliance-arbetet för berörda bolag. BEFIT presenterades efter att ett antal omfattande direktiv på det direkta beskattningsområdet antagits av EU. Därmed ser EU-kommissionen en möjlighet att med framgång kunna skapa gemensamma regler även på detta område.
Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka och kommentera BEFIT:s bestämmelser för... (More)
Under en längre tid har EU-kommissionen utan framgång försökt införa en gemensam skattebas för koncerner som verkar inom EU. Det senaste för-söket, direktivförslaget BEFIT, presenterades 2023. Syftet med BEFIT är att införa bestämmelser som resulterar i en gemensam skattebas för större koncerner inom EU, att möjliggöra enklare gränsöverskridande resultatutjämning för dessa samt underlätta och effektivisera compliance-arbetet för berörda bolag. BEFIT presenterades efter att ett antal omfattande direktiv på det direkta beskattningsområdet antagits av EU. Därmed ser EU-kommissionen en möjlighet att med framgång kunna skapa gemensamma regler även på detta område.
Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka och kommentera BEFIT:s bestämmelser för fastställandet av en gemensam skattebas för koncerner. En jämförelse kommer sedan göras mellan BEFIT:s bestämmelser för fastställandet av skattebaser och de svenska bestämmelser som reglerar motsvarande områden. Slutligen analyseras vilka potentiella effekter en implementering av BEFIT:s bestämmelser kan få för svensk bolagsbeskattning.
Det kan konstateras att BEFIT innehåller en lång rad detaljerade bestämmelser som behandlar både vilka typer av poster som ska inkluderas i koncerners skattebaser och hur skattebasen sedan ska fördelas mellan de olika koncernbolagen. BEFIT innehåller dock många odefinierade begrepp och otydligheter som försvårar tolkningen av direktivförslaget. Bestämmelserna skiljer sig i många delar avsevärt från de svenska på motsvarande område. Bland annat resulterar BEFIT i att svenska bolag kan komma att an-vända sig av andra redovisningsstandarder än svensk GAAP och/eller IFRS vilket kan leda till skillnader i resultat och beskattningsbasen för olika svenska bolag. Det finns även väsentliga skillnader mellan hur olika typer av redovisningsposter behandlas enligt BEFIT och enligt svensk rätt. En av de största effekterna skulle dock vara möjligheterna att sänka kraven för resultatutjämning för de bolag som omfattas av BEFIT jämfört med de som regleras av de svenska bestämmelserna. Det finns även en ökad risk att BEFIT skulle underlätta skatteplanering då en ny värdering av bolagets tillgångar ska göras vid inträde i en BEFIT-koncern. Detta kan leda till att värdeökningar blir obeskattade. Slutligen kan det konstateras att BEFIT:s otydligheter och brist på definitioner resulterar i svårigheter med att tolka bestämmelserna och kan leda till osäkerheter avseende vad som är gällande rätt. Ett alternativ som bör undersökas vidare är att i BEFIT eller kom-mande förslag stadga att IFRS ska tillämpas av samtliga enheter som om-fattas då detta bör underlätta tolkningsproblematiken. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Nordh, Nils LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
BEFIT: Harmonising or complicating - a study of BEFIT and its potential effects on Swedish corporate taxation
course
JURM02 20241
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Skatterätt, EU-rätt
language
Swedish
id
9152910
date added to LUP
2024-06-04 11:11:53
date last changed
2024-06-04 11:11:53
@misc{9152910,
  abstract     = {{For a long time, the European Commission has unsuccessfully tried to in-troduce a common consolidated tax base for groups operating within the EU. The latest attempt, the directive proposal BEFIT, was presented in 2023. The purpose of BEFIT is to introduce regulations that result in a common consolidated tax base for larger groups within the EU, enable cross-border loss relief for these and reduce compliance work for the cov-ered groups. BEFIT was presented after several comprehensive directives in the field of direct taxation were adopted by the EU. The EU-commission therefore see an opportunity to successfully create common rules in this area as well. 
The purpose of the essay is to investigate and comment on BEFIT's regula-tions for the determination of a common tax base for groups. A comparison will then be made between BEFIT's regulations for determining tax bases and the Swedish regulations that govern the corresponding areas. Finally, the potential effects of an implementation of BEFIT's regulations on Swe-dish corporate taxation are analysed.
It can be stated that BEFIT contains a long series of detailed provisions that deal with both the types of items to be included in groups' tax bases and how the tax base is then to be distributed between the various group companies. However, BEFIT contains many undefined concepts and ambi-guities that make it difficult to interpret the draft directive. In many parts, the regulations differ significantly from the Swedish regulations in the corresponding area. Among other things, BEFIT's regulations result in Swedish companies using other accounting standards than Swedish GAAP and/or IFRS, which can lead to differences between the result and tax base for different Swedish companies. There are also significant differences between how different types of items in the accounting are treated accord-ing to BEFIT and according to Swedish law. However, one of the biggest effects would be the possibilities for lowered requirements for loss-relief for the companies covered by BEFIT compared to those who are covered by Swedish regulations. There is also an increased risk that BEFIT would facilitate tax planning as a new valuation of the company's assets must be made upon entry into a BEFIT-group. This can lead to untaxed value in-creases. Finally, it can be stated that BEFIT's ambiguities and lack of defi-nitions result in difficulties in interpreting the regulations and may lead to uncertainties regarding what is the applicable law. An alternative to reme-dy the difficulties of interpreting the regulations that should further be studied could be to stipulate that all entities covered by BEFIT or future proposals should use IFRS.}},
  author       = {{Nordh, Nils}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{BEFIT: Harmoniserande eller komplicerande - en studie av BEFIT och dess potentiella inverkningar på svensk bolagsbeskattning}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}