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Konformitetsprincipens gränsmarker - Med inriktning mot unga lagöverträdare och en sänkning av straffmyndighetsåldern

Broman, Daniel LU (2024) JURM02 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The Conformity Principle is a fundamental legal principle within the Swedish system of criminal liability that states that those who did not have capacity or opportunity to act in accordance with the criminal law should not be punished for a crime. Numerous rules and several legal principles can be derived from The Conformity Principle. The rationale behind the Conformity Principle is that it would be morally wrong and meaningless to punish someone who ‘could not help it’ and such a person should, consequently, not be subjected to the blame and condemnation that comes with the enforcement of criminal law. The Swedish government has on July 6, 2023, decided to initiate a legislative process that includes an initial investigation of the... (More)
The Conformity Principle is a fundamental legal principle within the Swedish system of criminal liability that states that those who did not have capacity or opportunity to act in accordance with the criminal law should not be punished for a crime. Numerous rules and several legal principles can be derived from The Conformity Principle. The rationale behind the Conformity Principle is that it would be morally wrong and meaningless to punish someone who ‘could not help it’ and such a person should, consequently, not be subjected to the blame and condemnation that comes with the enforcement of criminal law. The Swedish government has on July 6, 2023, decided to initiate a legislative process that includes an initial investigation of the lowering of the age of criminal responsibility, from the current fifteen years old to a, currently, unknown age. In light of the ongoing legislative process, the purpose of the paper is to examine how The Conformity Princi-ple relates to the criminal liability of youth offenders. The paper answers what The Conformity Principle entails, how a lowered age of criminal responsibility aligns with The Conformity Principle, and how the court’s assessment of criminal intent is complicated by the fact that the defendant is a youth offender. To aid in the answering of these questions the paper utilizes theories and scientific findings from criminology, neuroscience, and developmental psychology, and explains their legal relevance. The paper also ex-plores less established legal concepts and distinctions, such as not following and breaching legal principles, respectively.

The Conformity Principle may be utilized and understood differently, although the principle is often referred to as mainly a legislative principle for the lawmaker to consider. The legal actors can, however, use The Conformity Principles in various ways in criminal trials. Mainly because of the scientific findings that support lessened culpability among adolescents, the paper concludes that The Conformity Principle would not be considered to have been followed if the age of criminal responsibility gets lowered. The paper proposes an “I know it when I see it” solution to the difficult question regarding the breaching of the principle. Lastly, the paper concludes that the assessment of criminal guilt in youth offender cases becomes more centered on the physical act and less focused on the real criminal intent of the defendant. The paper therefore concludes that these already existing
issues would be even more evident, in the case of a lowered age of criminal responsibility. These new young defendants would thus run the risk of facing a strict liability. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Konformitetsprincipen är den grundläggande rättsprincipen i den straffrätts-liga ansvarsläran som ger besked om att den som inte hade förmåga eller tillfälle att kunna rätta sig efter lagen inte bör bli straffrättsligt ansvarig för ett brott. Detta eftersom ett straffansvar i den situationen hade varit orätt-färdigt och meningslöst. Den som inte kunde rå för sin brottsliga gärning ska således inte bli föremål för straffrättsligt klander enligt konformitetsprincipen. Konformitetsprincipen är en central rättsprincip som åtskilliga regler och flera rättsprinciper kan härledas från. Regeringen har den 6 juli 2023 beslutat om att utreda frågan om att bland annat sänka den nuvarande straffmyndighetsåldern på 15 år till en ny och i skrivande... (More)
Konformitetsprincipen är den grundläggande rättsprincipen i den straffrätts-liga ansvarsläran som ger besked om att den som inte hade förmåga eller tillfälle att kunna rätta sig efter lagen inte bör bli straffrättsligt ansvarig för ett brott. Detta eftersom ett straffansvar i den situationen hade varit orätt-färdigt och meningslöst. Den som inte kunde rå för sin brottsliga gärning ska således inte bli föremål för straffrättsligt klander enligt konformitetsprincipen. Konformitetsprincipen är en central rättsprincip som åtskilliga regler och flera rättsprinciper kan härledas från. Regeringen har den 6 juli 2023 beslutat om att utreda frågan om att bland annat sänka den nuvarande straffmyndighetsåldern på 15 år till en ny och i skrivande stund okänd ålder. Mot bakgrund av denna utredning är syftet med föreliggande uppsats att redogöra för hur konformitetsprincipen förhåller sig till ett straffansvar för unga lagöverträdare. Mer specifikt besvaras vad konformitetsprincipen inne-bär, hur en sänkt straffmyndighetsålder förhåller sig till konformitetsprincipen samt hur den straffrättslig skuldprövningen kompliceras av att den tillta-lade är en ung lagöverträdare. Till stöd för besvarandet av dessa frågor har hjälpvetenskaperna kriminologi, neurovetenskap och utvecklingspsykologi samt dess rättsliga relevans redogjorts för. Inom ramen för syftet utforskar uppsatsen även relativt oetablerade koncept och distinktioner som att inte följa respektive överträda rättsprinciper.

Konformitetsprincipen kan användas och förstås på olika sätt, även om principen ofta beskrivs ha sin huvudsakliga relevans som en rättspolitisk princip på lagstiftningsnivå, finns det olika användningsområden på rättstillämpningsnivå. Uppsatsens slutsats är att konformitetsprincipen inte följs om straffmyndigheten sänks, huvudsakligen mot bakgrund av hjälpvetenskaperna som ger stöd för en mer outvecklad ansvarsförmåga. Frågan om huruvida konformitetsprincipen överträds är svårare att besvara och en ”I know it when I see it-lösning” föreslås. Slutsatsen gällande hur den straffrättsliga skuldprövningen kompliceras av att den tilltalade är en ung lagöverträdare besvaras med att skuldprövningen blir mer objektiverad och mindre inriktad på den faktiska, egentliga skulden i dessa fall. Uppsatsen slår fast att dessa existerande problem skulle göra sig gällande i ännu högre grad än idag om straffmyndighetsåldern sänks. Denna nya grupp unga lagöverträdare riskerar därför ett strikt straffansvar. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Broman, Daniel LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The Boundaries of The Conformity Principle - With a Focus on Youth Offenders and a Lowered Age of Criminal Responsibility
course
JURM02 20241
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Konformitetsprincipen, Skuldprincipen, Unga lagöverträdare, Ansvarsförmåga, Skuldprövning, Det allmänna skuldkravet, Straffmyndighetsålder
language
Swedish
id
9153232
date added to LUP
2024-06-07 10:34:06
date last changed
2024-06-07 10:34:06
@misc{9153232,
  abstract     = {{The Conformity Principle is a fundamental legal principle within the Swedish system of criminal liability that states that those who did not have capacity or opportunity to act in accordance with the criminal law should not be punished for a crime. Numerous rules and several legal principles can be derived from The Conformity Principle. The rationale behind the Conformity Principle is that it would be morally wrong and meaningless to punish someone who ‘could not help it’ and such a person should, consequently, not be subjected to the blame and condemnation that comes with the enforcement of criminal law. The Swedish government has on July 6, 2023, decided to initiate a legislative process that includes an initial investigation of the lowering of the age of criminal responsibility, from the current fifteen years old to a, currently, unknown age. In light of the ongoing legislative process, the purpose of the paper is to examine how The Conformity Princi-ple relates to the criminal liability of youth offenders. The paper answers what The Conformity Principle entails, how a lowered age of criminal responsibility aligns with The Conformity Principle, and how the court’s assessment of criminal intent is complicated by the fact that the defendant is a youth offender. To aid in the answering of these questions the paper utilizes theories and scientific findings from criminology, neuroscience, and developmental psychology, and explains their legal relevance. The paper also ex-plores less established legal concepts and distinctions, such as not following and breaching legal principles, respectively. 

The Conformity Principle may be utilized and understood differently, although the principle is often referred to as mainly a legislative principle for the lawmaker to consider. The legal actors can, however, use The Conformity Principles in various ways in criminal trials. Mainly because of the scientific findings that support lessened culpability among adolescents, the paper concludes that The Conformity Principle would not be considered to have been followed if the age of criminal responsibility gets lowered. The paper proposes an “I know it when I see it” solution to the difficult question regarding the breaching of the principle. Lastly, the paper concludes that the assessment of criminal guilt in youth offender cases becomes more centered on the physical act and less focused on the real criminal intent of the defendant. The paper therefore concludes that these already existing 
issues would be even more evident, in the case of a lowered age of criminal responsibility. These new young defendants would thus run the risk of facing a strict liability.}},
  author       = {{Broman, Daniel}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Konformitetsprincipens gränsmarker - Med inriktning mot unga lagöverträdare och en sänkning av straffmyndighetsåldern}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}