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Rättvisa i repris – En studie i resningsinstitutets centrala moment utifrån ett bevisrättsligt perspektiv

Telander, Hampus LU (2024) JURM02 20241
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Uppsatsen belyser de bevisrättsliga komplikationer som uppstår i resningsä-renden i brottmål. Framställningen tar avstamp i den så kallade bayesianska bevisteorin som går ut på att matematiskt värdera bevisning, vilket skiljer den från en mer utbredd intuitiv inställning till bevisvärdering.
Sanningsprincipen och orubblighetsprincipen är två centrala principer inom resningsrätten. Sanningsprincipen innebär att domstolsavgöranden ska vara materiellt riktiga. Orubblighetsprincipen innebär att den tilltalade ska känna sig trygg i att en avgjord sak inte tas upp igen. Avvägningen mellan sannings-principen och orubblighetsprincipen samt syftestolkningen av resningsinstitu-tet genomsyrar den allmänna diskussionen kring regelverkets tillämpning.... (More)
Uppsatsen belyser de bevisrättsliga komplikationer som uppstår i resningsä-renden i brottmål. Framställningen tar avstamp i den så kallade bayesianska bevisteorin som går ut på att matematiskt värdera bevisning, vilket skiljer den från en mer utbredd intuitiv inställning till bevisvärdering.
Sanningsprincipen och orubblighetsprincipen är två centrala principer inom resningsrätten. Sanningsprincipen innebär att domstolsavgöranden ska vara materiellt riktiga. Orubblighetsprincipen innebär att den tilltalade ska känna sig trygg i att en avgjord sak inte tas upp igen. Avvägningen mellan sannings-principen och orubblighetsprincipen samt syftestolkningen av resningsinstitu-tet genomsyrar den allmänna diskussionen kring regelverkets tillämpning.
Utredningen analyserar den så kallade ettårsfristen, ursäktsrekvisitet och till-äggsregeln. Inledningsvis förs en teoretisk diskussion som sedan komplette-ras av en rättsfallsanalys där tillämpningen av reglerna på olika typer av be-visning studeras. Undersökningen visar att intresseavvägningen mellan san-ningsprincipen och orubblighetsprincipen har avgörande betydelse för hur reglerna tillämpas. Slutsatsen är att resningsärenden med endast samverkande bevisning bedöms på ett väsentligt strängare sätt än ärenden innefattande för-stärkande bevisning.
Utredningen visar att de underliggande principavvägningarna och syftestolk-ningarna påverkar domstolens bevisvärdering i hög grad på så vis att det före-ligger en skillnad mellan ärenden till fördel för den tilltalade och de ärenden som är till nackdel för den tilltalade. När fråga är om resning till den tilltalades fördel märks trenden att domstolen är mer måna om att värna om sannings-principen, och tillämpar därav tilläggsregeln relativt liberalt även när de till synes inte kan motivera tillämpningen fullständigt. Trots att oriktig bevisvär-dering inte är en resningsgrund i sig visar undersökningen att domstolen är villig att tumma på detta genom att omvärdera bevisning Om “nytt ljus” kas-tats över den genom nytillkomna omständigheter.
Tolkningen av lagtekniska moment i resningsinstitutet är något av en gråzon som måste navigeras utifrån syftet med lagrummet. Bevisrättsliga komplikat-ioner uppstår som konsekvens av domstolars benägenhet att inte grundligt redogöra för sina resonemang utifrån bevisrättsliga begrepp. Bevisvärdering-en i domstolar tar också skada av att det inte alltid är klart hur bevisrättsliga begrepp ska användas, vilket leder till att domstolen riskerar att felaktigt på-verkas av en oförsiktig begreppshantering. (Less)
Abstract
The essay highlights the evidentiary complications that arise in the process of reopening criminal cases. The discussion is grounded in the so-called Bayesi-an theory of evidence, which involves mathematically evaluating evidence, distinguishing it from a more widespread intuitive approach to evidence eval-uation.
The principle of truth and the principle of finality are two central principles in the right to reopen cases. The principle of truth means that court decisions should be materially correct. The principle of finality means that the accused should feel secure that a decided case will not be reopened. The balance be-tween the principle of truth and the principle of finality, as well as the purpos-ive interpretation of the reopening... (More)
The essay highlights the evidentiary complications that arise in the process of reopening criminal cases. The discussion is grounded in the so-called Bayesi-an theory of evidence, which involves mathematically evaluating evidence, distinguishing it from a more widespread intuitive approach to evidence eval-uation.
The principle of truth and the principle of finality are two central principles in the right to reopen cases. The principle of truth means that court decisions should be materially correct. The principle of finality means that the accused should feel secure that a decided case will not be reopened. The balance be-tween the principle of truth and the principle of finality, as well as the purpos-ive interpretation of the reopening institution, permeates the general discussion regarding the application of the legal framework.
The investigation analyzes the so-called one-year time limit, the excuse re-quirement, and the supplementary rule. Initially, a theoretical discussion is presented, which is then supplemented by a case law analysis studying the application of the rules to different types of evidence. The investigation shows that the balancing of interests between the principle of truth and the principle of finality is crucial for how the rules are applied. The conclusion is that cases for reopening with only corroborating evidence are judged significantly more strictly than cases involving strengthening evidence.
The investigation demonstrates that the underlying balancing of principles and purposive interpretations significantly influence the court's evidence evalua-tion, such that there is a difference between cases in favor of the accused and those against the accused. When it comes to reopening in favor of the accused, there is a trend that the court is more inclined to uphold the principle of truth, and thus applies the supplementary rule relatively liberally, even when they seemingly cannot fully justify its application. Despite incorrect evidence eval-uation not being a ground for reopening in itself, the investigation shows that the court is willing to overlook this by reevaluating evidence if it has been "shed new light" by newly emerged circumstances.
The interpretation of technical legal aspects of the reopening institution is somewhat of a gray area that must be navigated based on the purpose of the provision. Evidentiary complications arise as a consequence of courts' tenden-cy not to thoroughly explain their reasoning based on evidentiary concepts. Evidence evaluation in courts also suffers from the fact that it is not always clear how evidentiary concepts should be used, which leads to the risk of the court being wrongly influenced by careless handling of concepts. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Telander, Hampus LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Justice Revisited – A Study of the Central Elements of the Reopening Institution from an Evidentiary Perspective
course
JURM02 20241
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Allmän rättslära, Bevisvärdering, Resning, Extraordinära rättsmedel, sanningsprincipen, orubblighetsprincipen, Bayes teorem
language
Swedish
id
9153295
date added to LUP
2024-06-12 08:18:00
date last changed
2024-06-12 08:18:00
@misc{9153295,
  abstract     = {{The essay highlights the evidentiary complications that arise in the process of reopening criminal cases. The discussion is grounded in the so-called Bayesi-an theory of evidence, which involves mathematically evaluating evidence, distinguishing it from a more widespread intuitive approach to evidence eval-uation.
The principle of truth and the principle of finality are two central principles in the right to reopen cases. The principle of truth means that court decisions should be materially correct. The principle of finality means that the accused should feel secure that a decided case will not be reopened. The balance be-tween the principle of truth and the principle of finality, as well as the purpos-ive interpretation of the reopening institution, permeates the general discussion regarding the application of the legal framework.
The investigation analyzes the so-called one-year time limit, the excuse re-quirement, and the supplementary rule. Initially, a theoretical discussion is presented, which is then supplemented by a case law analysis studying the application of the rules to different types of evidence. The investigation shows that the balancing of interests between the principle of truth and the principle of finality is crucial for how the rules are applied. The conclusion is that cases for reopening with only corroborating evidence are judged significantly more strictly than cases involving strengthening evidence.
The investigation demonstrates that the underlying balancing of principles and purposive interpretations significantly influence the court's evidence evalua-tion, such that there is a difference between cases in favor of the accused and those against the accused. When it comes to reopening in favor of the accused, there is a trend that the court is more inclined to uphold the principle of truth, and thus applies the supplementary rule relatively liberally, even when they seemingly cannot fully justify its application. Despite incorrect evidence eval-uation not being a ground for reopening in itself, the investigation shows that the court is willing to overlook this by reevaluating evidence if it has been "shed new light" by newly emerged circumstances.
The interpretation of technical legal aspects of the reopening institution is somewhat of a gray area that must be navigated based on the purpose of the provision. Evidentiary complications arise as a consequence of courts' tenden-cy not to thoroughly explain their reasoning based on evidentiary concepts. Evidence evaluation in courts also suffers from the fact that it is not always clear how evidentiary concepts should be used, which leads to the risk of the court being wrongly influenced by careless handling of concepts.}},
  author       = {{Telander, Hampus}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Rättvisa i repris – En studie i resningsinstitutets centrala moment utifrån ett bevisrättsligt perspektiv}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}