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AI Implementation in Medicine from Healthcare Professionals’ Perspective: an interview-based explorative study

Andersson, Ruslana LU and Lysbeck Olsen, August Otto LU (2025) IBUH19 20251
Department of Business Administration
Abstract (Swedish)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare, yet its successful integration
depends heavily on the acceptance and understanding of this technology by medical
professionals. Our qualitative exploratory study, using semi-structured interviews with eight
medical professionals in Sweden and Denmark, charts their perceptions of AI's
implementation in medicine. The primary goal of this study was to identify key issues, to put
them into the context of previously done research, to generate hypotheses, and to develop a
clearer understanding of problematic areas for further investigation. In accordance with many
recently published studies, our findings have shown deep concerns of medical professionals
regarding the lack... (More)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare, yet its successful integration
depends heavily on the acceptance and understanding of this technology by medical
professionals. Our qualitative exploratory study, using semi-structured interviews with eight
medical professionals in Sweden and Denmark, charts their perceptions of AI's
implementation in medicine. The primary goal of this study was to identify key issues, to put
them into the context of previously done research, to generate hypotheses, and to develop a
clearer understanding of problematic areas for further investigation. In accordance with many
recently published studies, our findings have shown deep concerns of medical professionals
regarding the lack of sufficient transparency in decision-making processes of certain AI
systems. This so-called “black box” problem raises ethical and legal issues. Trust in AI was a
recurring worry, which could be partly explained by a significant knowledge gap among
interviewed medical professionals regarding AI's underlying principles, combined with
moderate interest in additional education on this subject. Further interpretive studies would
be needed to analyze this phenomenon in more detail. Our respondents identified several
promising areas for AI implementation but emphasized the irreplaceable roles of human
empathy and ethical judgment. While AI was not seen as an immediate threat to employment
(which contradicted some previous research), concerns existed regarding the risk for reduced
human expertise in the future if AI takes over most of the repetitive tasks. By saving money
and time, we might lower the exposure of doctors to sufficient volumes of “easy cases.” This
exposure is the main part of current medical education. If we are not ready to give up on
human medical expertise in the future and delegate all the crucial medical decisions to AI, we
need to find the solution to this problem. This finding, although not frequently stated in
previous studies, is of utter importance because it shows that significant modification of
functioning systems needs thorough consideration involving active contribution from
different healthcare experts and should not only be driven by economic incentives in a
chaotic way. AI implementation is an ongoing process, but like a train, it cannot properly
advance if different parts of it accelerate in an unsynchronized manner. Our study concludes
that successful AI integration in healthcare demands improved AI understanding through
training programs, transparent and explainable AI systems, strong regulatory structures, and
clear responsibility. A collaborative approach prioritizing patient safety within supportive
official frameworks is crucial for maximizing AI's benefits and mitigating potential risks.
Further research on the outlined issues is urgently needed. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Andersson, Ruslana LU and Lysbeck Olsen, August Otto LU
supervisor
organization
course
IBUH19 20251
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
AI, Healthcare, International Business
language
English
id
9208262
date added to LUP
2025-07-07 08:11:48
date last changed
2025-07-07 08:11:48
@misc{9208262,
  abstract     = {{Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare, yet its successful integration
depends heavily on the acceptance and understanding of this technology by medical
professionals. Our qualitative exploratory study, using semi-structured interviews with eight
medical professionals in Sweden and Denmark, charts their perceptions of AI's
implementation in medicine. The primary goal of this study was to identify key issues, to put
them into the context of previously done research, to generate hypotheses, and to develop a
clearer understanding of problematic areas for further investigation. In accordance with many
recently published studies, our findings have shown deep concerns of medical professionals
regarding the lack of sufficient transparency in decision-making processes of certain AI
systems. This so-called “black box” problem raises ethical and legal issues. Trust in AI was a
recurring worry, which could be partly explained by a significant knowledge gap among
interviewed medical professionals regarding AI's underlying principles, combined with
moderate interest in additional education on this subject. Further interpretive studies would
be needed to analyze this phenomenon in more detail. Our respondents identified several
promising areas for AI implementation but emphasized the irreplaceable roles of human
empathy and ethical judgment. While AI was not seen as an immediate threat to employment
(which contradicted some previous research), concerns existed regarding the risk for reduced
human expertise in the future if AI takes over most of the repetitive tasks. By saving money
and time, we might lower the exposure of doctors to sufficient volumes of “easy cases.” This
exposure is the main part of current medical education. If we are not ready to give up on
human medical expertise in the future and delegate all the crucial medical decisions to AI, we
need to find the solution to this problem. This finding, although not frequently stated in
previous studies, is of utter importance because it shows that significant modification of
functioning systems needs thorough consideration involving active contribution from
different healthcare experts and should not only be driven by economic incentives in a
chaotic way. AI implementation is an ongoing process, but like a train, it cannot properly
advance if different parts of it accelerate in an unsynchronized manner. Our study concludes
that successful AI integration in healthcare demands improved AI understanding through
training programs, transparent and explainable AI systems, strong regulatory structures, and
clear responsibility. A collaborative approach prioritizing patient safety within supportive
official frameworks is crucial for maximizing AI's benefits and mitigating potential risks.
Further research on the outlined issues is urgently needed.}},
  author       = {{Andersson, Ruslana and Lysbeck Olsen, August Otto}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{AI Implementation in Medicine from Healthcare Professionals’ Perspective: an interview-based explorative study}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}