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AutoStop - Designing for Trust in Automation

Cederberg, Ludwig LU and Eklund, Oliver LU (2026) MAMM01 20261
Certec - Rehabilitation Engineering and Design
Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology
Abstract
A problem with parking applications is that users often forget to end active parking sessions, which leads to overpayment. This thesis designs and implements automatic parking termination in a way that reduces overpayment, while preserving user trust and control, as well as evaluating the results. The project resulted in an iOS test application with an automatic termination feature called AutoStop. The feature uses multi-factor verification based on location data, Bluetooth connectivity, and motion activity to determine whether the user has left the parking area with the vehicle used in the parking session. A user-centered design process was applied through interviews, a survey, prototyping, iterative implementation, testing, and... (More)
A problem with parking applications is that users often forget to end active parking sessions, which leads to overpayment. This thesis designs and implements automatic parking termination in a way that reduces overpayment, while preserving user trust and control, as well as evaluating the results. The project resulted in an iOS test application with an automatic termination feature called AutoStop. The feature uses multi-factor verification based on location data, Bluetooth connectivity, and motion activity to determine whether the user has left the parking area with the vehicle used in the parking session. A user-centered design process was applied through interviews, a survey, prototyping, iterative implementation, testing, and evaluations. The results show that users are generally positive toward automatic parking termination, provided that the system is transparent, optional, reliable, and easy to recover from if an incorrect decision occurs. The final design supported trust through onboarding, clear feedback, live status, notifications, parking history, and a function for resuming parking. The study shows that automatic parking termination is not only a technical problem, but also a design problem where the user’s understanding, control, and ability to correct the system’s decisions are crucial. An important conclusion is that multi-factor verification can reduce the risk of incorrect terminations, but that the system should act conservatively and only end parking when several signals together provide sufficient certainty. At the same time, it becomes clear that user trust is not based only on technical accuracy, but also on how clearly the system communicates what has happened, why it has happened, and how the user can act afterward. The study therefore concludes that automatic parking termination is feasible and valuable, but that longer and more realistic testing is required before the feature can be launched in a real parking application. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Ett problem med parkeringsapplikationer är att användare ofta glömmer att avsluta aktiva parkeringssessioner, vilket leder till överbetalning. Denna uppsats designar och utvärderar automatisk avslutning av parkering på ett sätt som minskar överbetalning samtidigt som användarnas tillit och kontroll bevaras, samt utvärderar resultatet. Projektet resulterade i en testapplikation för iOS med en automatisk avslutningsfunktion kallad AutoStop. Funktionen använder flerfaktorsverifiering baserad på platsdata, Bluetooth-anslutning och rörelseaktivitet för att avgöra om användaren har lämnat parkeringsområdet med fordonet som använts under parkeringen. En användarcentrerad designprocess användes genom intervjuer, enkätundersökning,... (More)
Ett problem med parkeringsapplikationer är att användare ofta glömmer att avsluta aktiva parkeringssessioner, vilket leder till överbetalning. Denna uppsats designar och utvärderar automatisk avslutning av parkering på ett sätt som minskar överbetalning samtidigt som användarnas tillit och kontroll bevaras, samt utvärderar resultatet. Projektet resulterade i en testapplikation för iOS med en automatisk avslutningsfunktion kallad AutoStop. Funktionen använder flerfaktorsverifiering baserad på platsdata, Bluetooth-anslutning och rörelseaktivitet för att avgöra om användaren har lämnat parkeringsområdet med fordonet som använts under parkeringen. En användarcentrerad designprocess användes genom intervjuer, enkätundersökning, prototypframtagning, iterativ implementation, tester och utvärderingar. Resultatet visar att användare generellt är positiva till automatisk avslutning av parkering, förutsatt att systemet är transparent, frivilligt, pålitligt och enkelt att återställa om ett felaktigt beslut sker. Den slutliga designen byggde tillit genom onboarding, tydlig återkoppling, live-status, notiser, parkeringshistorik och en funktion för att återuppta parkeringen. Studien visar att automatisk parkeringsavslutning inte enbart är ett tekniskt problem, utan även ett designproblem där användarens förståelse, kontroll och möjlighet att korrigera systemets beslut är avgörande. En viktig slutsats är att flerfaktorsverifiering kan minska risken för felaktiga avslut, men att systemet bör agera konservativt och endast avsluta parkeringen när flera signaler tillsammans ger tillräcklig säkerhet. Samtidigt framgår det att användarnas tillit inte enbart bygger på teknisk träffsäkerhet, utan även på hur tydligt systemet kommunicerar vad som har hänt, varför det har hänt och hur användaren kan agera efteråt. Studien drar därför slutsatsen att automatisk parkeringsavslutning är genomförbar och värdefull, men att längre och mer realistiska tester krävs innan funktionen kan lanseras i en verklig parkeringsapplikation. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Cederberg, Ludwig LU and Eklund, Oliver LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
AutoStop - Att Designa för Tillit i Automation
course
MAMM01 20261
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
keywords
automatic parking termination, user trust, multi-factor verification, user-centered design, mobile parking applications
language
English
id
9235734
date added to LUP
2026-06-14 08:23:47
date last changed
2026-06-14 08:23:47
@misc{9235734,
  abstract     = {{A problem with parking applications is that users often forget to end active parking sessions, which leads to overpayment. This thesis designs and implements automatic parking termination in a way that reduces overpayment, while preserving user trust and control, as well as evaluating the results. The project resulted in an iOS test application with an automatic termination feature called AutoStop. The feature uses multi-factor verification based on location data, Bluetooth connectivity, and motion activity to determine whether the user has left the parking area with the vehicle used in the parking session. A user-centered design process was applied through interviews, a survey, prototyping, iterative implementation, testing, and evaluations. The results show that users are generally positive toward automatic parking termination, provided that the system is transparent, optional, reliable, and easy to recover from if an incorrect decision occurs. The final design supported trust through onboarding, clear feedback, live status, notifications, parking history, and a function for resuming parking. The study shows that automatic parking termination is not only a technical problem, but also a design problem where the user’s understanding, control, and ability to correct the system’s decisions are crucial. An important conclusion is that multi-factor verification can reduce the risk of incorrect terminations, but that the system should act conservatively and only end parking when several signals together provide sufficient certainty. At the same time, it becomes clear that user trust is not based only on technical accuracy, but also on how clearly the system communicates what has happened, why it has happened, and how the user can act afterward. The study therefore concludes that automatic parking termination is feasible and valuable, but that longer and more realistic testing is required before the feature can be launched in a real parking application.}},
  author       = {{Cederberg, Ludwig and Eklund, Oliver}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{AutoStop - Designing for Trust in Automation}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}