ÅTERBRUK AV BETONGELEMENT - En studie av miljömässig lönsamhet samt framtida utvecklingsmöjligheter
(2026) ABAL02 20261Department of Architecture and Built Environment
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Bygg- och fastighetssektorn står för en betydande andel av Sveriges och EU:s totala växthusgasutsläpp, och tillverkningen av betong är en av de mest utsläppsintensiva delarna av byggprocessen. Med bakgrund av ökade klimatkrav undersöker denna studie förutsättningarna för återbruk av större betongelement i svenska byggprojekt. Studien analyserar den miljömässiga lönsamheten i återbruk, identifierar de tekniska, ekonomiska och regulatoriska hinder som i dag begränsar dess utbredning, samt redovisar framtida möjligheter och lämnar rekommendationer om vilka åtgärder som kan bidra till att göra återbruk till en etablerad praktik i byggsektorn.
Studien bygger på en kombination av litteraturstudie, kvalitativa intervjuer med tre aktörer inom... (More) - Bygg- och fastighetssektorn står för en betydande andel av Sveriges och EU:s totala växthusgasutsläpp, och tillverkningen av betong är en av de mest utsläppsintensiva delarna av byggprocessen. Med bakgrund av ökade klimatkrav undersöker denna studie förutsättningarna för återbruk av större betongelement i svenska byggprojekt. Studien analyserar den miljömässiga lönsamheten i återbruk, identifierar de tekniska, ekonomiska och regulatoriska hinder som i dag begränsar dess utbredning, samt redovisar framtida möjligheter och lämnar rekommendationer om vilka åtgärder som kan bidra till att göra återbruk till en etablerad praktik i byggsektorn.
Studien bygger på en kombination av litteraturstudie, kvalitativa intervjuer med tre aktörer inom byggsektorn samt analys av två genomförda svenska byggprojekt med tillgängliga klimatberäkningar: förskolan Hoppet 2 i Göteborg och H22-paviljongen i Helsingborg.
Resultaten visar att återbruk av betongelement kan ge betydande klimatbesparingar. I Hoppet 2 uppnåddes en total klimatbesparing på cirka 45 procent jämfört med ett referensscenario med enbart nyproducerade material, medan H22-paviljongen uppvisade en 82-procentig reduktion av inbyggt koldioxid jämfört med en nyproducerad referensbyggnad i KL-trä. Klimatnyttan av att återbruka betongelement visade sig dessutom i en av fallstudierna vara mer än fyra gånger större än klimatnyttan av att krossa och återvinna samma element som ballast.
Trots den dokumenterade miljömässiga potentialen är återbruk av bärande betongelement fortfarande sällsynt i praktiken. De hinder som identifieras är i stor utsträckning av strukturell karaktär. Tekniskt saknas ett gemensamt ramverk för kvalitetssäkring och tillståndsbedömning av återbrukade element. Ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv är återbruk i dagsläget dyrare än nyproduktion, bland annat till följd av kostnader för demontering och mellanlagring samt skattemässiga regler som utrangeringsavdraget, vilket aktivt missgynnar cirkulära alternativ. Regulatoriskt är befintliga standarder och klimatdeklarationssystemet utformade på ett sätt som premierar den som använder återbrukade material men inte den som projekterar för framtida återbruk.
Studien pekar på fyra prioriterade åtgärder: etablering av den branschstandard för kvalitetssäkring av återbrukade betongelement som för närvarande är under remiss, en översyn av utrangeringsavdragets utformning, en revidering av allokeringsmetoden i EN 15804/15978 så att Design for Disassembly ger klimatmässig utväxling i det aktuella projektet, samt utredning av möjligheterna att etablera regionala elementbanker och utökat producentansvar för byggprodukter. (Less) - Abstract
- The construction and real estate sector accounts for a significant share of Sweden's and the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions, and the production of concrete is one of the most emission-intensive parts of the construction process. Against the backdrop of increasing climate requirements, this study examines the conditions for reusing larger concrete elements in Swedish construction projects. The study analyses the environmental profitability of reuse, identifies the technical, economic and regulatory barriers that currently limit its adoption, and presents future opportunities alongside recommendations for measures that can contribute to making reuse an established practice in the construction sector.
The study is based on a combination... (More) - The construction and real estate sector accounts for a significant share of Sweden's and the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions, and the production of concrete is one of the most emission-intensive parts of the construction process. Against the backdrop of increasing climate requirements, this study examines the conditions for reusing larger concrete elements in Swedish construction projects. The study analyses the environmental profitability of reuse, identifies the technical, economic and regulatory barriers that currently limit its adoption, and presents future opportunities alongside recommendations for measures that can contribute to making reuse an established practice in the construction sector.
The study is based on a combination of a literature review, qualitative interviews with three actors in the construction sector, and an analysis of two completed Swedish construction projects with available climate calculations: the preschool Hoppet 2 in Gothenburg and the H22 pavilion in Helsingborg.
The results show that the reuse of concrete elements can yield substantial climate savings. In Hoppet 2, a total climate saving of approximately 45 percent was achieved compared to a reference scenario using only newly produced materials, while the H22 pavilion demonstrated an 82 percent reduction in embodied carbon compared to a newly produced reference building in cross-laminated timber. The climate benefit of reusing concrete elements was furthermore found in one of the case studies to be more than four times greater than the climate benefit of crushing and recycling the same elements as aggregate.
Despite the documented environmental potential, the reuse of structural concrete elements remains rare in practice. The barriers identified are largely structural in nature. Technically, a common framework for quality assurance and condition assessment of reused elements is lacking. Economically, reuse is currently more expensive than new production, partly due to the costs of dismantling and intermediate storage, as well as tax regulations such as the demolition deduction, which actively disadvantages circular alternatives. Regulatorily, existing standards and the climate declaration system are designed in a way that rewards those who use reused materials but not those who design for future reuse.
The study identifies four priority measures: the establishment of the industry standard for quality assurance of reused concrete elements currently under review, a revision of the demolition deduction, an amendment of the allocation method in EN 15804/15978 so that Design for Disassembly yields a climate benefit in the current project, and an investigation into the possibilities of establishing regional element banks and extended producer responsibility for building products. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9240453
- author
- Melkstam, Ludvig LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- ABAL02 20261
- year
- 2026
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Nyckelord: Återbruk, betongelement, cirkulär ekonomi, livscykelanalys, klimatpåverkan, byggsektorn, Design for Disassembly, klimatdeklaration, rivningsbetong, hållbart byggande. Key words: Reuse, concrete elements, circular economy, life cycle assessment, embodied carbon, construction sector, climate declaration, demolition waste, sustainable construction.
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9240453
- date added to LUP
- 2026-06-17 15:35:27
- date last changed
- 2026-06-17 15:35:27
@misc{9240453,
abstract = {{The construction and real estate sector accounts for a significant share of Sweden's and the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions, and the production of concrete is one of the most emission-intensive parts of the construction process. Against the backdrop of increasing climate requirements, this study examines the conditions for reusing larger concrete elements in Swedish construction projects. The study analyses the environmental profitability of reuse, identifies the technical, economic and regulatory barriers that currently limit its adoption, and presents future opportunities alongside recommendations for measures that can contribute to making reuse an established practice in the construction sector.
The study is based on a combination of a literature review, qualitative interviews with three actors in the construction sector, and an analysis of two completed Swedish construction projects with available climate calculations: the preschool Hoppet 2 in Gothenburg and the H22 pavilion in Helsingborg.
The results show that the reuse of concrete elements can yield substantial climate savings. In Hoppet 2, a total climate saving of approximately 45 percent was achieved compared to a reference scenario using only newly produced materials, while the H22 pavilion demonstrated an 82 percent reduction in embodied carbon compared to a newly produced reference building in cross-laminated timber. The climate benefit of reusing concrete elements was furthermore found in one of the case studies to be more than four times greater than the climate benefit of crushing and recycling the same elements as aggregate.
Despite the documented environmental potential, the reuse of structural concrete elements remains rare in practice. The barriers identified are largely structural in nature. Technically, a common framework for quality assurance and condition assessment of reused elements is lacking. Economically, reuse is currently more expensive than new production, partly due to the costs of dismantling and intermediate storage, as well as tax regulations such as the demolition deduction, which actively disadvantages circular alternatives. Regulatorily, existing standards and the climate declaration system are designed in a way that rewards those who use reused materials but not those who design for future reuse.
The study identifies four priority measures: the establishment of the industry standard for quality assurance of reused concrete elements currently under review, a revision of the demolition deduction, an amendment of the allocation method in EN 15804/15978 so that Design for Disassembly yields a climate benefit in the current project, and an investigation into the possibilities of establishing regional element banks and extended producer responsibility for building products.}},
author = {{Melkstam, Ludvig}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{ÅTERBRUK AV BETONGELEMENT - En studie av miljömässig lönsamhet samt framtida utvecklingsmöjligheter}},
year = {{2026}},
}