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Påståendedoktrinens tillämplighet vid behörighetsprövningen i investeringstvister

Erlandson, Lucas LU (2026) JURM02 20261
Faculty of Law
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Internationella investeringstvister skiljer sig från traditionella kommersiella skiljeförfaranden genom att statens samtycke till skiljeförfarande vanligtvis lämnas i förväg genom ett stående erbjudande i ett investeringsskyddsavtal. Ett bindande skiljeavtal mellan staten och den enskilda investeraren uppkom-mer först när en investerare som omfattas av erbjudandet accepterar detta, van-ligtvis genom att påkalla skiljeförfarande. Ett vanligt villkor för att omfattas av erbjudandet är att investeraren har gjort en investering i investeringsskyddsav-talets mening.
Frågan om en investering föreligger kan samtidigt ha betydelse för den mate-riella prövningen av investerarens anspråk och kan därför utgöra ett dubbelre-levant rättsfaktum. Enligt... (More)
Internationella investeringstvister skiljer sig från traditionella kommersiella skiljeförfaranden genom att statens samtycke till skiljeförfarande vanligtvis lämnas i förväg genom ett stående erbjudande i ett investeringsskyddsavtal. Ett bindande skiljeavtal mellan staten och den enskilda investeraren uppkom-mer först när en investerare som omfattas av erbjudandet accepterar detta, van-ligtvis genom att påkalla skiljeförfarande. Ett vanligt villkor för att omfattas av erbjudandet är att investeraren har gjort en investering i investeringsskyddsav-talets mening.
Frågan om en investering föreligger kan samtidigt ha betydelse för den mate-riella prövningen av investerarens anspråk och kan därför utgöra ett dubbelre-levant rättsfaktum. Enligt den i svensk processrätt utvecklade påståendedokt-rinen ska en skiljenämnd som utgångspunkt lägga påståenden om sådana dubbelrelevanta rättsfakta till grund för sin behörighetsprövning utan att pröva om de faktiskt föreligger. Högsta domstolen har dock slagit fast att doktrinen förutsätter att ett bindande skiljeavtal föreligger och att den inte kan användas för att skapa skiljebundenhet eller avgöra skiljeavtalets omfattning. I investe-ringstvister kan det därför uppstå en motsättning mellan investeringskravets dubbelrelevans och dess betydelse för uppkomsten av ett bindande skiljeavtal.
Uppsatsen syftar till att klargöra under vilka förutsättningar påståendedoktri-nen ska tillämpas när en skiljenämnd prövar sin egen behörighet i investe-ringstvister. En rättsdogmatisk metod används med utgångspunkt i lag, förar-beten, rättspraxis och juridisk litteratur. Särskild vikt läggs vid NJA 2008 s. 406 och senare praxis från Svea hovrätt.
Undersökningen visar att ett rättsfaktums dubbelrelevans inte ensam kan vara avgörande för påståendedoktrinens tillämplighet. Det måste även beaktas var-för rättsfaktumet har betydelse för skiljenämndens behörighet. Om ett dubbel-relevant rättsfaktum aktualiseras inom ramen för ett redan bindande skiljeavtal talar påståendedoktrinens syfte för att doktrinen ska tillämpas. Om rättsfaktu-met däremot är avgörande för om investeraren omfattas av statens samtycke till skiljeförfarande och därmed för om ett bindande skiljeavtal har uppkom-mit, bör doktrinen inte tillämpas. Detsamma gäller den rättsliga kvalificeringen av de åberopade omständigheterna som en investering, om denna kvalificering är avgörande för skiljebundenheten.
NJA 2008 s. 406 komplicerar rättsläget eftersom Högsta domstolen där ansåg att påståendedoktrinen skulle tillämpas på investeringskravet. Att målet avsåg ett legalt skiljeförfarande har anförts som en förklaring till utgången. Under-sökningen visar dock att betydelsen av detta inte bör överdrivas, eftersom den aktuella investeringsskyddslagen, på liknande sätt som ett investerings-skyddsavtal, innehöll ett villkorat erbjudande om skiljeförfarande som behöv-de accepteras av en investerare som omfattades av erbjudandet.
Den samlade slutsatsen är därför att påståendedoktrinen ska tillämpas på dub-belrelevanta rättsfakta i investeringstvister, men först sedan de frågor som är avgörande för skiljebundenheten och skiljeavtalets omfattning har prövats. I traktatbaserade investeringstvister innebär detta att investeringskravet inte bör omfattas av påståendedoktrinen när kravet utgör ett villkor för att investeraren ska omfattas av statens stående erbjudande om skiljeförfarande. Senare praxis från Svea hovrätt ger stöd för en sådan ordning, medan räckvidden av NJA 2008 s. 406 fortfarande inte är helt klar. (Less)
Abstract
International investment disputes differ from traditional commercial arbitration proceedings in that the state’s consent to arbitration is usually given in ad-vance through a standing offer contained in an investment treaty. A binding arbitration agreement between the state and the individual investor arises only when an investor that falls within the scope of the offer accepts it, usually by initiating arbitration. A common condition for falling within the scope of the offer is that the investor has made an investment within the meaning of the investment treaty.
The question of whether an investment exists may at the same time be relevant to the substantive assessment of the investor’s claim and may therefore consti-tute a dual-relevant... (More)
International investment disputes differ from traditional commercial arbitration proceedings in that the state’s consent to arbitration is usually given in ad-vance through a standing offer contained in an investment treaty. A binding arbitration agreement between the state and the individual investor arises only when an investor that falls within the scope of the offer accepts it, usually by initiating arbitration. A common condition for falling within the scope of the offer is that the investor has made an investment within the meaning of the investment treaty.
The question of whether an investment exists may at the same time be relevant to the substantive assessment of the investor’s claim and may therefore consti-tute a dual-relevant legal fact. According to the doctrine of assertion developed in Swedish procedural law, an arbitral tribunal should, as a starting point, base its jurisdictional assessment on assertions concerning such dual-relevant legal facts without examining whether they actually exist. The Swedish Supreme Court has, however, held that the doctrine presupposes the existence of a bin-ding arbitration agreement and that it cannot be used to create a binding obli-gation to arbitrate or to determine the scope of the arbitration agreement. In investment disputes, a conflict may therefore arise between the dual relevance of the investment requirement and its significance for the formation of a bin-ding arbitration agreement.
The purpose of this thesis is to clarify under what conditions the doctrine of assertion should be applied when an arbitral tribunal assesses its own juris-diction in investment disputes. A legal dogmatic method is used, based on legislation, preparatory works, case law and legal literature. Particular emphasis is placed on NJA 2008 p. 406 and subsequent case law from the Svea Court of Appeal.
The study shows that the dual relevance of a legal fact cannot alone determine the applicability of the doctrine of assertion. It must also be considered why the legal fact is relevant to the arbitral tribunal’s jurisdiction. If a dual-relevant legal fact arises within the framework of an already binding arbitration agree-ment, the purpose of the doctrine of assertion supports its application. If, ho-wever, the legal fact is decisive for whether the investor is covered by the state’s consent to arbitration and thus for whether a binding arbitration agree-ment has arisen, the doctrine should not be applied. The same applies to the legal characterization of the alleged circumstances as an investment, if that characterization is decisive for the parties’ obligation to arbitrate.
NJA 2008 p. 406 complicates the legal position, as the Swedish Supreme Court held in that case that the doctrine of assertion should be applied to the investment requirement. The fact that the case concerned statutory arbitration has been put forward as an explanation for the outcome. The study shows, however, that the significance of this circumstance should not be overstated, since the investment legislation in question, similarly to an investment treaty, contained a conditional offer to arbitrate that had to be accepted by an investor falling within the scope of the offer.
The overall conclusion is therefore that the doctrine of assertion should be applied to dual-relevant legal facts in investment disputes, but only after the issues decisive for the parties’ obligation to arbitrate and the scope of the ar-bitration agreement have been determined. In treaty-based investment dispu-tes, this means that the investment requirement should not be covered by the doctrine of assertion when the requirement constitutes a condition for the in-vestor to fall within the scope of the state’s standing offer to arbitrate. Sub-sequent case law from the Svea Court of Appeal supports such an approach, while the scope of NJA 2008 p. 406 remains not entirely clear. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Erlandson, Lucas LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The applicability of the doctrine of assertion in investment disputes
course
JURM02 20261
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
processrätt, skiljedomsrätt, civilrätt
language
Swedish
id
9248568
date added to LUP
2026-10-02 09:52:48
date last changed
2026-10-02 09:52:48
@misc{9248568,
  abstract     = {{International investment disputes differ from traditional commercial arbitration proceedings in that the state’s consent to arbitration is usually given in ad-vance through a standing offer contained in an investment treaty. A binding arbitration agreement between the state and the individual investor arises only when an investor that falls within the scope of the offer accepts it, usually by initiating arbitration. A common condition for falling within the scope of the offer is that the investor has made an investment within the meaning of the investment treaty.
The question of whether an investment exists may at the same time be relevant to the substantive assessment of the investor’s claim and may therefore consti-tute a dual-relevant legal fact. According to the doctrine of assertion developed in Swedish procedural law, an arbitral tribunal should, as a starting point, base its jurisdictional assessment on assertions concerning such dual-relevant legal facts without examining whether they actually exist. The Swedish Supreme Court has, however, held that the doctrine presupposes the existence of a bin-ding arbitration agreement and that it cannot be used to create a binding obli-gation to arbitrate or to determine the scope of the arbitration agreement. In investment disputes, a conflict may therefore arise between the dual relevance of the investment requirement and its significance for the formation of a bin-ding arbitration agreement.
The purpose of this thesis is to clarify under what conditions the doctrine of assertion should be applied when an arbitral tribunal assesses its own juris-diction in investment disputes. A legal dogmatic method is used, based on legislation, preparatory works, case law and legal literature. Particular emphasis is placed on NJA 2008 p. 406 and subsequent case law from the Svea Court of Appeal.
The study shows that the dual relevance of a legal fact cannot alone determine the applicability of the doctrine of assertion. It must also be considered why the legal fact is relevant to the arbitral tribunal’s jurisdiction. If a dual-relevant legal fact arises within the framework of an already binding arbitration agree-ment, the purpose of the doctrine of assertion supports its application. If, ho-wever, the legal fact is decisive for whether the investor is covered by the state’s consent to arbitration and thus for whether a binding arbitration agree-ment has arisen, the doctrine should not be applied. The same applies to the legal characterization of the alleged circumstances as an investment, if that characterization is decisive for the parties’ obligation to arbitrate.
NJA 2008 p. 406 complicates the legal position, as the Swedish Supreme Court held in that case that the doctrine of assertion should be applied to the investment requirement. The fact that the case concerned statutory arbitration has been put forward as an explanation for the outcome. The study shows, however, that the significance of this circumstance should not be overstated, since the investment legislation in question, similarly to an investment treaty, contained a conditional offer to arbitrate that had to be accepted by an investor falling within the scope of the offer.
The overall conclusion is therefore that the doctrine of assertion should be applied to dual-relevant legal facts in investment disputes, but only after the issues decisive for the parties’ obligation to arbitrate and the scope of the ar-bitration agreement have been determined. In treaty-based investment dispu-tes, this means that the investment requirement should not be covered by the doctrine of assertion when the requirement constitutes a condition for the in-vestor to fall within the scope of the state’s standing offer to arbitrate. Sub-sequent case law from the Svea Court of Appeal supports such an approach, while the scope of NJA 2008 p. 406 remains not entirely clear.}},
  author       = {{Erlandson, Lucas}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Påståendedoktrinens tillämplighet vid behörighetsprövningen i investeringstvister}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}