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Toll-like receptors : role of inflammation and commensal bacteria

Imani Fooladi, Abbas Ali ; Mousavi, Seyed Fazlollah ; LAMEI, SEPIDEH LU ; Yazdani, Samaneh and Nourani, Mohammad Reza (2011) In Inflammation & allergy drug targets 10(3). p.198-207
Abstract

TLR ligands are present on both commensal and pathogenic microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have been observed to be largely unresponsive to TLR ligands. This observation has partly been explained by the fact that TLR expression on IECs is sparse. The discovery of the Toll-like receptors finally identified the innate immune receptors that were responsible for many of the innate immune functions that had been studied for many years. Interestingly, TLRs seem only to be involved in the cytokine production and cellular activation in response to microbes, and do not play a significant role in the adhesion and phagocytosis of microorganisms. One member of this group, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), together with tumour-necrosis factor... (More)

TLR ligands are present on both commensal and pathogenic microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have been observed to be largely unresponsive to TLR ligands. This observation has partly been explained by the fact that TLR expression on IECs is sparse. The discovery of the Toll-like receptors finally identified the innate immune receptors that were responsible for many of the innate immune functions that had been studied for many years. Interestingly, TLRs seem only to be involved in the cytokine production and cellular activation in response to microbes, and do not play a significant role in the adhesion and phagocytosis of microorganisms. One member of this group, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), together with tumour-necrosis factor (TNF), is defined as an alarm cytokine. It is secreted by macrophages and initiates inflammation on activation of TLRs.

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author
; ; ; and
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
keywords
Animals, Cytokines, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Intestinal Mucosa, Macrophage Activation, Metagenome, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, NF-kappa B, Neutrophils, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptors
in
Inflammation & allergy drug targets
volume
10
issue
3
pages
10 pages
publisher
Bentham Science Publishers
external identifiers
  • scopus:79958269789
  • pmid:21428911
ISSN
1871-5281
DOI
10.2174/187152811795564064
language
English
LU publication?
no
id
5ad09ed3-06aa-4bad-bb5a-e1c68c5e818c
date added to LUP
2016-05-24 15:42:13
date last changed
2024-01-19 04:23:28
@article{5ad09ed3-06aa-4bad-bb5a-e1c68c5e818c,
  abstract     = {{<p>TLR ligands are present on both commensal and pathogenic microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have been observed to be largely unresponsive to TLR ligands. This observation has partly been explained by the fact that TLR expression on IECs is sparse. The discovery of the Toll-like receptors finally identified the innate immune receptors that were responsible for many of the innate immune functions that had been studied for many years. Interestingly, TLRs seem only to be involved in the cytokine production and cellular activation in response to microbes, and do not play a significant role in the adhesion and phagocytosis of microorganisms. One member of this group, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), together with tumour-necrosis factor (TNF), is defined as an alarm cytokine. It is secreted by macrophages and initiates inflammation on activation of TLRs.</p>}},
  author       = {{Imani Fooladi, Abbas Ali and Mousavi, Seyed Fazlollah and LAMEI, SEPIDEH and Yazdani, Samaneh and Nourani, Mohammad Reza}},
  issn         = {{1871-5281}},
  keywords     = {{Animals; Cytokines; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Intestinal Mucosa; Macrophage Activation; Metagenome; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; NF-kappa B; Neutrophils; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptors}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{198--207}},
  publisher    = {{Bentham Science Publishers}},
  series       = {{Inflammation & allergy drug targets}},
  title        = {{Toll-like receptors : role of inflammation and commensal bacteria}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152811795564064}},
  doi          = {{10.2174/187152811795564064}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}