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Ungdomsgäng i rätten: en studie i domstolars bedömning av gängrelaterade brott

Hasani, Albina LU (2014) JURM02 20141
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
I Sverige, liksom i många andra delar av Europa, finns en romantiserande bild av ungdomsgäng. Genom medias rapporteringar får vi ibland ta del av olika berättelser om ungdomar som sysslar med brott och ställer till med trubbel ute i förorterna. Dessutom har vi alla någon gång sett amerikanska filmer som både glamouriserar gänglivet och framställer det ur ett mycket dystert ljus.

Ungdomar i gäng väcker en viss fascination hos den vanlige medborgaren. Samtidigt har det länge i Europa saknats forskning kring hur man ska definiera gäng. Den kunskap vi har fått om gäng, gängkriminalitet och ungdomarna som går med i gängen har kommit från USA, och är således till stor del baserad på undersökningar som gjorts där. Det vi vet om gäng är att de... (More)
I Sverige, liksom i många andra delar av Europa, finns en romantiserande bild av ungdomsgäng. Genom medias rapporteringar får vi ibland ta del av olika berättelser om ungdomar som sysslar med brott och ställer till med trubbel ute i förorterna. Dessutom har vi alla någon gång sett amerikanska filmer som både glamouriserar gänglivet och framställer det ur ett mycket dystert ljus.

Ungdomar i gäng väcker en viss fascination hos den vanlige medborgaren. Samtidigt har det länge i Europa saknats forskning kring hur man ska definiera gäng. Den kunskap vi har fått om gäng, gängkriminalitet och ungdomarna som går med i gängen har kommit från USA, och är således till stor del baserad på undersökningar som gjorts där. Det vi vet om gäng är att de består av unga människor som tillsammans begår brott eller annars uppvisar ett socialt avvikande beteende. Dessa ungdomar är ofta utstötta från det övriga samhället och har dålig kontakt med offentliga organ.

Svenska straffmätnings- och påföljdsregler innehåller särskilda bestämmelser som tillämpas för unga lagöverträdare. Förutom att tillämpa de allmänna reglerna om straffmätning ska domstolarna i sin rättstillämpning även beakta den unga lagöverträdarens ålder. Det är lagstiftarens avsikt att unga ska behandlas lindrigare och att de i så stor utsträckning som möjligt ska hållas borta från fängelser och hellre vara föremål för insatser från socialtjänsten. Rätten ska tillämpa stor restriktivitet i att döma en ungdom till en frihetsberövande påföljd. Om domstolen väljer att döma till fängelse ska den unga personen istället dömas till sluten ungdomsvård. Andra påföljder som endast tillämpas på unga är ungdomsvård och ungdomstjänst. Domstolar kan förena dessa påföljder om den anser att det är nödvändigt för att påföljden ska bli tillräckligt ingripande.

När unga begår brott i gäng rör det sig ofta om våldsbrott och egendomsbrott. Domstolar har då att bedöma dels den aktuella brottsligheten, dels ungdomarnas respektive ansvar i brotten. Samtidigt som domstolen ska tillämpa de allmänna straffmätningsreglerna måste den också ta hänsyn till de tilltalades ungdom.

Uppsatsens första del syftar till att definiera och beskriva ungdomsgäng, vad som utmärker dem och vilka typer av ungdomar som ingår i dem. Den andra delen kommer att redogöra för de regler som är tillämpliga vid den straffrättsliga bedömningen av unga lagöverträdare, samt presentera hur domstolar bedömer ungdomar som begår brott i gäng- och kamratsammanhang i deras faktiska rättstillämpning. Slutligen förs en diskussion och analys kring de resultat som kommit fram genom arbetet. (Less)
Abstract
In Sweden, as in many other parts of Europe, we have a romanticized notion of youth gangs. Through media reports, we sometimes come to hear different stories of youths who engage in criminal activity and cause trouble out in the suburbs. Moreover, we have all seen American movies that glamourize gang life as well as present it from a very gloomy light.

Youths who are involved in gangs evoke a certain fascination with the ordinary citizen. For a long time, Europe has been missing research on how to define gangs. The knowledge we have acquired about gangs, gang crime and youths who join gangs has come from the U.S., and is therefore largely based on studies undertaken there. What we know about gangs is that they consist of youths who... (More)
In Sweden, as in many other parts of Europe, we have a romanticized notion of youth gangs. Through media reports, we sometimes come to hear different stories of youths who engage in criminal activity and cause trouble out in the suburbs. Moreover, we have all seen American movies that glamourize gang life as well as present it from a very gloomy light.

Youths who are involved in gangs evoke a certain fascination with the ordinary citizen. For a long time, Europe has been missing research on how to define gangs. The knowledge we have acquired about gangs, gang crime and youths who join gangs has come from the U.S., and is therefore largely based on studies undertaken there. What we know about gangs is that they consist of youths who commit crimes together or otherwise exhibit a socially deviant behaviour. These young people are often excluded from mainstream society and have poor contact with public institutions.

Swedish rules on meting out punishment and choice of sanction contain specific provisions applicable to young offenders. In addition to applying the general rules of meting out punishment, the courts also have to take into account the offender's young age. It is the intention of the legislature that the young offenders should be treated less severely, and that they should be kept away from prisons as much as possible, and preferably be subjects to actions by social services. The court should apply a highly restrictive approach to sentencing a young person to imprisonment. If the court chooses to impose a prison sentence, the youth is to be sentenced to institutional care of young persons. Other penalties that apply exclusively to youths are care of young persons and youth service. The court can unite these sanctions if it believes that it is necessary in order for the penalty to be a sufficient intervention.

When youths commit crimes in gangs, these actions are often crimes of violence and property crime. The courts then have to assess the current crime as well as the liability of each youth. While the court must apply the general sentencing rules it must also take into account the young age of the defendants.

The first part of this essay aims to define and describe youth gangs, their characteristics and the types of young people who get involved in them. The second part will describe the rules that are applicable when judging young offenders, and will present the courts’ actual judgements of young offenders who have committed crimes within a gang-related or friendship-related context. Lastly, there will be a discussion and an analysis on the results that can be concluded from this essay. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Hasani, Albina LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Juvenile Gangs in Court: A Study of Court Judgements on Gang-related Crime
course
JURM02 20141
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, ungdomar, ungdomsbrott, medgärningsmannaskap, påföljder
language
Swedish
id
4451207
date added to LUP
2014-06-12 08:41:52
date last changed
2014-06-12 08:41:52
@misc{4451207,
  abstract     = {{In Sweden, as in many other parts of Europe, we have a romanticized notion of youth gangs. Through media reports, we sometimes come to hear different stories of youths who engage in criminal activity and cause trouble out in the suburbs. Moreover, we have all seen American movies that glamourize gang life as well as present it from a very gloomy light. 

Youths who are involved in gangs evoke a certain fascination with the ordinary citizen. For a long time, Europe has been missing research on how to define gangs. The knowledge we have acquired about gangs, gang crime and youths who join gangs has come from the U.S., and is therefore largely based on studies undertaken there. What we know about gangs is that they consist of youths who commit crimes together or otherwise exhibit a socially deviant behaviour. These young people are often excluded from mainstream society and have poor contact with public institutions.

Swedish rules on meting out punishment and choice of sanction contain specific provisions applicable to young offenders. In addition to applying the general rules of meting out punishment, the courts also have to take into account the offender's young age. It is the intention of the legislature that the young offenders should be treated less severely, and that they should be kept away from prisons as much as possible, and preferably be subjects to actions by social services. The court should apply a highly restrictive approach to sentencing a young person to imprisonment. If the court chooses to impose a prison sentence, the youth is to be sentenced to institutional care of young persons. Other penalties that apply exclusively to youths are care of young persons and youth service. The court can unite these sanctions if it believes that it is necessary in order for the penalty to be a sufficient intervention.

When youths commit crimes in gangs, these actions are often crimes of violence and property crime. The courts then have to assess the current crime as well as the liability of each youth. While the court must apply the general sentencing rules it must also take into account the young age of the defendants.

The first part of this essay aims to define and describe youth gangs, their characteristics and the types of young people who get involved in them. The second part will describe the rules that are applicable when judging young offenders, and will present the courts’ actual judgements of young offenders who have committed crimes within a gang-related or friendship-related context. Lastly, there will be a discussion and an analysis on the results that can be concluded from this essay.}},
  author       = {{Hasani, Albina}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Ungdomsgäng i rätten: en studie i domstolars bedömning av gängrelaterade brott}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}