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LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Personligt betalningsansvar vid kritisk kapitalbrist

Löfgren, Viktor LU (2014) LAGM01 20142
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Det är en grundidé i aktiebolagslagen att bolagsformen i stor utsträckning skall utgöra en riskbegränsad form av företagande. Det finns dock situationer där denna idé frångås och fysiska personer blir ansvariga för bolagets skulder. Uppsatsen skall utreda sådana situationer i anslutning till ABL:s regler om kritisk kapitalbrist. Reglerna riktar till stor del in sig på styrelsen och dennes agerande. Uppsatsen skall dock utreda reglernas förhållande till revisorn och undersöka om även denne kan bli ansvarig.

I ett aktiebolag ställs krav på att en viss maktdelning skall ske. Den yttersta makten ligger hos bolagsstämman som har en exklusiv beslutsrätt i flera frågor. Ansvaret för bolagets organisation och ekonomi vilar dock hos styrelsen.... (More)
Det är en grundidé i aktiebolagslagen att bolagsformen i stor utsträckning skall utgöra en riskbegränsad form av företagande. Det finns dock situationer där denna idé frångås och fysiska personer blir ansvariga för bolagets skulder. Uppsatsen skall utreda sådana situationer i anslutning till ABL:s regler om kritisk kapitalbrist. Reglerna riktar till stor del in sig på styrelsen och dennes agerande. Uppsatsen skall dock utreda reglernas förhållande till revisorn och undersöka om även denne kan bli ansvarig.

I ett aktiebolag ställs krav på att en viss maktdelning skall ske. Den yttersta makten ligger hos bolagsstämman som har en exklusiv beslutsrätt i flera frågor. Ansvaret för bolagets organisation och ekonomi vilar dock hos styrelsen. I bolag som har en VD ansvarar denne för den löpande driften och ansvarar mot styrelsen. I de bolag som har en revisor fyller denne en granskande funktion. Revisorn skall inom ramen för sitt uppdrag även följa regler (god redovisningssed, god revisorssed och god revisionssed) som föreskriver hur revison och granskning skall ske. En överträdelse av dessa regler kan aktualisera skadestånd.

Reglerna om kritisk kapitalbrist är borgenärskyddsregler med syfte att skydda såväl befintliga som tillkommande borgenärer. Reglerna ålägger styrelsen att vid kritisk kapitalbrist handla enligt ett visst mönster inom en viss tid för att undgå att en s.k. ansvarsperiod aktualiseras. Under en sådan period blir styrelseledamöterna individuellt och solidariskt betalningsansvariga för uppkommande förpliktelser hos bolaget.

Betydelsen av medansvaret begränsas dock av styrelseledamöternas utmätningsbara tillgångar. I sådana situationer kan det i vissa fall finnas en möjlighet för en borgenär att väcka skadeståndstalan mot en revisor som i sitt arbete brutit mot föreskrifterna om god revisors och god revisionssed. Skadeståndstalan måste dock uppfylla krav på bland annat vårdslöshet och orsakssamband mellan den vårdslösa handlingen och skadan.

Det kan även aktualiseras situationer då styrelseledamöterna genom skadeståndstalan kan ha möjlighet att av en culpös revisor återfå viss del av kostnader till följd av ett medansvar. Detta utgör dock undantag, som huvudregel bär styrelsen ansvaret för att kapitalbristreglerna inte följts ensam.

I vissa exceptionella situationer kan styrelseledamöter i s.k. processbolag drabbas av ett personligt betalningsansvar som en följd av s.k. ansvarsgenombrott som nyligen bekräftats som i vart fall eventuellt existerande av HD.

Alla dessa regler kompletterar varandra och innebär ett starkare borgenärsskydd. (Less)
Abstract
It’s one of the basic ideas Swedish Companies Act (SCA) that limited liability company is supposed to be a risk-limited form of business for owners, board members and other company officials. There are however situations when this idea is put aside in favour for other interests and board members can be personally responsible for the company’s debts. This essay will investigate such situations in connection the SCA’s regulations on compulsory winding-up due to capital shortage. The regulation in question is primarily focused on the action of the members of the board. The essay will however also investigate the possibility that the accountant may in some extension be responsible.

In a limited liability company the power is divided... (More)
It’s one of the basic ideas Swedish Companies Act (SCA) that limited liability company is supposed to be a risk-limited form of business for owners, board members and other company officials. There are however situations when this idea is put aside in favour for other interests and board members can be personally responsible for the company’s debts. This essay will investigate such situations in connection the SCA’s regulations on compulsory winding-up due to capital shortage. The regulation in question is primarily focused on the action of the members of the board. The essay will however also investigate the possibility that the accountant may in some extension be responsible.

In a limited liability company the power is divided between the company bodies. The ultimate power rests with the General Meeting which has an exclusive right to make decisions on several issues. The responsibility for the organization and company finances however rests with the Board. If the company has a CEO he is responsible for the ongoing operation and answers to the Board. In companies which have an accountant he fills an investigative function. The accountant must follow certain rules (generally accepted accounting principles, professional practice of internal auditing and generally accepted auditing standards) that prescribes how audit and examination should take place. A violation of these rules may raise damages.

The rules governing critical capital shortage are creditor protection rules aimed at protecting existing, as well as, future creditors. The rules oblige the board to, in case of critical capital shortage, act according to a certain patterns within a certain period of time to avoid that a so-called period of liability arises. During such period, the Board members individually and jointly and liable for certain arising obligations.

The joint liability however is limited by the board members attachable assets. In such situations, it may in some cases be a possibility for a creditor to bring an action for damages against an accountant if he in the line of his work has violated the rules of good auditor and auditing standards. Action for damages must, however, comply with requirements such as negligence and causation between the negligent act and the harm.

There may also arise situations where board members through an action for damages may be able regain some degree of costs as a result of joint responsibility from a to a negligent auditor. However, this is somewhat an exception. The rule is that the board alone is responsible for situations when the rules haven’t been followed.

In certain exceptional situations, board members of so-called processing companies may suffer a personal payment as a result of so-called piercing of the corporate veil that recently have been confirmed to possibly exist within Swedish law by the Supreme Court.

All these rules mentioned are complementary and together they implies a stronger and broader creditor protection within the SCA. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Löfgren, Viktor LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Personal liability due to critical capital shortage
course
LAGM01 20142
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
associationsrätt, aktiebolagsrätt, kapitalbrist
language
Swedish
id
4927111
date added to LUP
2015-02-03 11:00:37
date last changed
2015-02-03 11:00:37
@misc{4927111,
  abstract     = {{It’s one of the basic ideas Swedish Companies Act (SCA) that limited liability company is supposed to be a risk-limited form of business for owners, board members and other company officials. There are however situations when this idea is put aside in favour for other interests and board members can be personally responsible for the company’s debts. This essay will investigate such situations in connection the SCA’s regulations on compulsory winding-up due to capital shortage. The regulation in question is primarily focused on the action of the members of the board. The essay will however also investigate the possibility that the accountant may in some extension be responsible. 

In a limited liability company the power is divided between the company bodies. The ultimate power rests with the General Meeting which has an exclusive right to make decisions on several issues. The responsibility for the organization and company finances however rests with the Board. If the company has a CEO he is responsible for the ongoing operation and answers to the Board. In companies which have an accountant he fills an investigative function. The accountant must follow certain rules (generally accepted accounting principles, professional practice of internal auditing and generally accepted auditing standards) that prescribes how audit and examination should take place. A violation of these rules may raise damages.

The rules governing critical capital shortage are creditor protection rules aimed at protecting existing, as well as, future creditors. The rules oblige the board to, in case of critical capital shortage, act according to a certain patterns within a certain period of time to avoid that a so-called period of liability arises. During such period, the Board members individually and jointly and liable for certain arising obligations.

The joint liability however is limited by the board members attachable assets. In such situations, it may in some cases be a possibility for a creditor to bring an action for damages against an accountant if he in the line of his work has violated the rules of good auditor and auditing standards. Action for damages must, however, comply with requirements such as negligence and causation between the negligent act and the harm.

There may also arise situations where board members through an action for damages may be able regain some degree of costs as a result of joint responsibility from a to a negligent auditor. However, this is somewhat an exception. The rule is that the board alone is responsible for situations when the rules haven’t been followed.

In certain exceptional situations, board members of so-called processing companies may suffer a personal payment as a result of so-called piercing of the corporate veil that recently have been confirmed to possibly exist within Swedish law by the Supreme Court.

All these rules mentioned are complementary and together they implies a stronger and broader creditor protection within the SCA.}},
  author       = {{Löfgren, Viktor}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Personligt betalningsansvar vid kritisk kapitalbrist}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}