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Unga extremister - En rättslig studie av lagens tillämplighet, skydds- och rättssäkerhetsintresset vid vård med stöd av 3 § LVU

Wester, Frida LU (2017) JURM02 20172
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Våldsbejakande extremism har under de senaste åren seglat upp som ett allt ökande fenomen och ett växande samhällsproblem i Sverige. I kölvattnet av detta uppstår ett flertal frågor om hur fenomenet kan hanteras i rättsligt avseende. Den våldsbejakande extremismen utmanar och hotar demokratin på flera sätt och är ett allvarligt problem för den enskilde som involveras och för samhället i stort. Forskning visar att barn och unga är en särskilt utsatt grupp när det gäller radikalisering och rekrytering till extremstiska miljöer. Under år 2016 hade socialtjänsten i var femte svensk kommun kontakt med barn och unga som var eller befann sig i riskzonen för att bli involverade i våldsbejakande extremism. Fenomenets utbredning i denna grupp väcker... (More)
Våldsbejakande extremism har under de senaste åren seglat upp som ett allt ökande fenomen och ett växande samhällsproblem i Sverige. I kölvattnet av detta uppstår ett flertal frågor om hur fenomenet kan hanteras i rättsligt avseende. Den våldsbejakande extremismen utmanar och hotar demokratin på flera sätt och är ett allvarligt problem för den enskilde som involveras och för samhället i stort. Forskning visar att barn och unga är en särskilt utsatt grupp när det gäller radikalisering och rekrytering till extremstiska miljöer. Under år 2016 hade socialtjänsten i var femte svensk kommun kontakt med barn och unga som var eller befann sig i riskzonen för att bli involverade i våldsbejakande extremism. Fenomenets utbredning i denna grupp väcker frågan om de befintliga rättsregler som syftar till att skydda barn och unga är tillämpliga och ger samhället möjlighet att ingripa i denna situation. Mot bakgrund av detta har syftet med uppsatsen varit att utreda under vilka förutsättningar det är möjligt att bereda barn och unga tvångsvård med stöd av 3 § LVU på grund av ett beteende som indikerar radikalisering eller involvering i våldsbejakande extremism. Därtill har syftet varit att analysera tvångsvård på denna grund ur ett skydds- och ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv. Uppsatsen består av en deskriptiv och en empirisk studie. I den deskriptiva delen fastställs och analyseras gällande rätt med hjälp av rättsdogmatisk metod vad gäller möjligheten att bereda en ung person vård med stöd av 3 § LVU på grund av involvering i våldsbejakande extremism. Slutsatsen är att de gängse rättskällorna inte ger ett klart svar på denna fråga och rättsläget är således oklart. Därefter följer en empirisk studie som belyser hur 3 § LVU tillämpas på underrättsnivå då socialnämnden ansökt om vård av den unge på grund av ett beteende som indikerar involvering i våldsbejakande extremism. Studien visar att ett beteende av detta slag kan föranleda vård under förutsättning att det betraktas som ett socialt nedbrytande beteende i den mening som avses i 3 § LVU. Studien visar vidare att domstolarna gör olika bedömningar i detta avseende utifrån samma slags omständigheter i den unges beteende. Slutsatsen är att rekvisitet i fråga förefaller kunna täcka in situationen att en ung person är eller riskerar att bli involverad i våldsbejakande extremism. Dock är rättsläget inte klart när det gäller i vad mån barn och unga kan beredas vård på denna grund. Ur ett formellt rättssäkerhetsperspektiv framstår resultatet av den empiriska studien som problematiskt i vissa avseenden. För att stärka rättssäkerheten och klargöra rättsläget vore det önskvärt med vägledning som preciserar hur rekvisiten i 3 § LVU ska tolkas och tillämpas då unga är eller riskerar att bli involverade i våldsbejakande extremism. LVU präglas starkt av både skyddsintresset och rättssäkerhetsintresset vilka emellertid ställer olika och till viss del motsatta krav på lagens utformning och på rättstillämpningen. Lagen måste således balansera mellan och beakta dessa båda intressen. Nuvarande utformninng av 3 § LVU framstår mot denna bakgrund som en godtagbar kompromiss. (Less)
Abstract
Violent extremism has become a more common phenomenon in Sweden during recent years and is a growing problem in society. Violent extremism is a significant and serious threat to democracy and challenges its principles in many ways. Consequently, the legal aspects related to the threat of violent extremism need to be urgently clarified and, if needed, strengthened to both protect democracy while maintaining human rights. Recent research shows that children and young adults are particularly sensitive targets for radicalization and recruitment on the path of violent extremism. During 2016, the social services in every fifth Swedish municipality were in contact with children or young adults at risk of engagement in violent extremism. This... (More)
Violent extremism has become a more common phenomenon in Sweden during recent years and is a growing problem in society. Violent extremism is a significant and serious threat to democracy and challenges its principles in many ways. Consequently, the legal aspects related to the threat of violent extremism need to be urgently clarified and, if needed, strengthened to both protect democracy while maintaining human rights. Recent research shows that children and young adults are particularly sensitive targets for radicalization and recruitment on the path of violent extremism. During 2016, the social services in every fifth Swedish municipality were in contact with children or young adults at risk of engagement in violent extremism. This raise concerns if current laws that aim for protecting this particular group are adequate, and allow society to interfere to protect them. Against this background the purpose of the current thesis has been on one hand to investigate if, and if so, at which circumstances and conditions compulsory care according to 3 § LVU (care under the Care of Young Persons Act) can be applied when children and young adults exhibit signs of radicalization and violent extremism. On the other hand, if such compulsory care has been applied, an additional purpose of the current thesis has been to analyze this action from a protective, and a rule of law perspective. The thesis includes a descriptive and an empirical evaluation. The descriptive evaluation, which identifies and analyzes established law according to the traditional jurisprudential method, concludes that the current sources of law are not clear-cut regarding the possibility to apply involuntary care according to 3 § LVU when children and young adults are subject to risk of violent extremism. The follow on empirical evaluation, assesses how the lower courts utilize 3 § LVU when social services have applied for care of young people exhibiting signs of radicalization and violent extremism. The empirical evaluation shows that such behaviors may lead to care according to 3 § LVU provided they fulfil the legal definition of socially destructive behaviors. However, the study shows that the courts of law seem to make different assessments despite similar conditions and behaviors of the children and young adults. The conclusion is that the necessary prerequisite seems to adequately cover risk of involvement in violent extremism, while the source of law in relation to 3 § LVU is unclear. Thus, from a legal point of view the outcome of the empirical evaluation is problematic and pinpoints the need for a guidance on how to define and interpret prerequisites required for usage of 3 § LVU in this context. LVU is incused by both the need to protect, and the rule of law, with different and to some extent contradictory drivers when it comes to its definition and practice, and need to balance these different perspectives. Based on the outcome of the traditional jurisprudential and empirical evaluations, the current formulation of 3 § LVU seems to be a reasonable compromise between the need to protect children and young adults on one hand, and the rule of law on the other hand. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Wester, Frida LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Young extremists - A legal study of the applicability of compulsory care according to 3 § LVU from a protective and a rule of law perspective
course
JURM02 20172
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Förvaltningsrätt, LVU, socialrätt, våldsbejakande extremism, rättssäkerhet
language
Swedish
id
8929909
date added to LUP
2018-01-22 13:28:20
date last changed
2018-01-22 13:28:20
@misc{8929909,
  abstract     = {{Violent extremism has become a more common phenomenon in Sweden during recent years and is a growing problem in society. Violent extremism is a significant and serious threat to democracy and challenges its principles in many ways. Consequently, the legal aspects related to the threat of violent extremism need to be urgently clarified and, if needed, strengthened to both protect democracy while maintaining human rights. Recent research shows that children and young adults are particularly sensitive targets for radicalization and recruitment on the path of violent extremism. During 2016, the social services in every fifth Swedish municipality were in contact with children or young adults at risk of engagement in violent extremism. This raise concerns if current laws that aim for protecting this particular group are adequate, and allow society to interfere to protect them. Against this background the purpose of the current thesis has been on one hand to investigate if, and if so, at which circumstances and conditions compulsory care according to 3 § LVU (care under the Care of Young Persons Act) can be applied when children and young adults exhibit signs of radicalization and violent extremism. On the other hand, if such compulsory care has been applied, an additional purpose of the current thesis has been to analyze this action from a protective, and a rule of law perspective. The thesis includes a descriptive and an empirical evaluation. The descriptive evaluation, which identifies and analyzes established law according to the traditional jurisprudential method, concludes that the current sources of law are not clear-cut regarding the possibility to apply involuntary care according to 3 § LVU when children and young adults are subject to risk of violent extremism. The follow on empirical evaluation, assesses how the lower courts utilize 3 § LVU when social services have applied for care of young people exhibiting signs of radicalization and violent extremism. The empirical evaluation shows that such behaviors may lead to care according to 3 § LVU provided they fulfil the legal definition of socially destructive behaviors. However, the study shows that the courts of law seem to make different assessments despite similar conditions and behaviors of the children and young adults. The conclusion is that the necessary prerequisite seems to adequately cover risk of involvement in violent extremism, while the source of law in relation to 3 § LVU is unclear. Thus, from a legal point of view the outcome of the empirical evaluation is problematic and pinpoints the need for a guidance on how to define and interpret prerequisites required for usage of 3 § LVU in this context. LVU is incused by both the need to protect, and the rule of law, with different and to some extent contradictory drivers when it comes to its definition and practice, and need to balance these different perspectives. Based on the outcome of the traditional jurisprudential and empirical evaluations, the current formulation of 3 § LVU seems to be a reasonable compromise between the need to protect children and young adults on one hand, and the rule of law on the other hand.}},
  author       = {{Wester, Frida}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Unga extremister - En rättslig studie av lagens tillämplighet, skydds- och rättssäkerhetsintresset vid vård med stöd av 3 § LVU}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}