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En (s)könsmässig bedömning? - En analys av rekvisitet något annat socialt nedbrytande beteende i 3 § LVU i förhållande till kön

Härdig, Johanna LU (2018) JURM02 20182
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
De senaste åren har antalet barn som tvångsomhändertas med stöd av lagen (1990:52) med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga, LVU, ökat kraftigt, och det finns ingen tydlig förklaring till varför denna ökning har skett. Tvångsomhändertaganden med stöd av LVU kan bl.a. bli aktuellt när en person under 20 år har något annat socialt nedbrytande beteende. Rekvisitet är tänkt att täcka in barn som på andra sätt än genom missbruk eller brottslig verksamhet avviker från samhällets normer. Rekvisitets vaga utformning har dock lett till viss problematik, vilket har uppmärksammats i både utredningar och doktrin. En del av denna problematik rör lagens könsneutralitet. Det görs i lagtexten och förarbetena ingen skillnad på flickor och pojkar, vilket... (More)
De senaste åren har antalet barn som tvångsomhändertas med stöd av lagen (1990:52) med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga, LVU, ökat kraftigt, och det finns ingen tydlig förklaring till varför denna ökning har skett. Tvångsomhändertaganden med stöd av LVU kan bl.a. bli aktuellt när en person under 20 år har något annat socialt nedbrytande beteende. Rekvisitet är tänkt att täcka in barn som på andra sätt än genom missbruk eller brottslig verksamhet avviker från samhällets normer. Rekvisitets vaga utformning har dock lett till viss problematik, vilket har uppmärksammats i både utredningar och doktrin. En del av denna problematik rör lagens könsneutralitet. Det görs i lagtexten och förarbetena ingen skillnad på flickor och pojkar, vilket innebär att rekvisitet ska tillämpas på liknande sätt för bägge kön. Trots detta har forskning från 1990-talet och 2000-talet uppmärksammat att rekvisitet tillämpas på olika sätt beroende på vilket kön barnet har. Mot denna bakgrund syftar uppsatsen till att analysera rekvisitet något annat socialt nedbrytande beteende i 3 § LVU i relation till barnets kön såsom det tillämpas idag. Vidare syftar uppsatsen till att analysera eventuella skillnader i rättstillämpningen mellan könen ur ett formellt rättssäkerhetsperspektiv, med ett särskilt fokus på objektivitets- och likhetsprincipen samt kravet på förutsebarhet.

Uppsatsen undersöker såväl gällande rätt som tidigare forskning, och innehåller även en empirisk studie av förvaltningsrättsdomar. Undersökningen visar att såväl underrätterna som socialnämnden förhåller sig till objektivitets- och likhetsprincipen på ett förhållandevis tillfredsställande sätt. Dock framstår det som att socialnämnden är mer benägen att redogöra för flickors alkoholbruk än pojkars i sina bedömningar av huruvida det föreligger ett socialt nedbrytande beteende. Vidare förefaller även underrätterna i viss mån avvika från deras annars könsneutrala förhållningssätt vid omständigheter som rör sexuella utnyttjanden och sexuella övergrepp, då dessa omständigheter verkar beaktas i större utsträckning om en unge är en flicka.
Vad gäller kravet på förutsebarhet framgår det av uppsatsen att det föreligger en viss diskrepans mellan å ena sidan rekvisitets lagtext med tillhörande förarbeten och vägledande praxis och å andra sidan förvaltningsrätternas tillämpning därav. Den empiriska studien visar att rekvisitets vaghet medför en del oklarheter och ambivalens hos underrätterna, samt att det är relativt vanligt att ungdomar omhändertas för beteenden som inte framgår av förarbetena eller vägledande praxis. De beteenden och omständigheter som av förvaltningsrätterna klassificerats som socialt nedbrytande utan stöd i vare sig förarbetena eller vägledande praxis är skolfrånvaro, avvikningar, psykisk problematik och relationer/sexuellt beteende/sexuella övergrepp. Vidare visar undersökningen att dessa beteenden är vanligare förkommande i flickdomarna, vilket innebär att det finns en större brist på förutsebarhet i LVU-mål där den unge är en flicka.

Slutsatsen är att rekvisitet något annat socialt nedbrytande beteende medför vissa brister ur ett formellt rättssäkerhetsperspektiv, framför allt vad gäller kravet på förutsebarhet. Vidare framgår det av uppsatsen att dessa brister är större i mål där den unge är en flicka. För att åtgärda dessa brister behövs ytterligare utredningar för att hitta ett lämpligt sätt att tydliggöra rekvisitet på. Vidare är det viktigt vid en sådan utredning även utreda könsaspekten, så att flickor på ett bättre sätt omfattas av lagens innebörd. (Less)
Abstract
The last years the number of children subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act (LVU) increased substantially with no clear explanation. A person under 20 years can be subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act if he or she has a socially destructive behavior. The purpose of the prerequisite is to make sure that children who in other ways than through substance abuse or criminal activity deviate from the norms of society can get the care they need. The vagueness of the prerequisite has however led to some problems, which has been noticed in both Swedish Government Official Reports and doctrines. A part of the problem concerns the law’s gender neutrality. There is no difference between girls and... (More)
The last years the number of children subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act (LVU) increased substantially with no clear explanation. A person under 20 years can be subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act if he or she has a socially destructive behavior. The purpose of the prerequisite is to make sure that children who in other ways than through substance abuse or criminal activity deviate from the norms of society can get the care they need. The vagueness of the prerequisite has however led to some problems, which has been noticed in both Swedish Government Official Reports and doctrines. A part of the problem concerns the law’s gender neutrality. There is no difference between girls and boys in the text of the law and its legislative history, which means that prerequisite must be applied in a similar way for both sexes. Despite this, research from the 1990s and 2000s has noticed that the prerequisite is applied in different ways depending on which sex the child has. In the light of this, the aim of this thesis is to analyze the prerequisite some other socially destructive behavior in section 3 of the Care of Young Persons Act in relation to the child’s sex, as it is applied today. Furthermore, the paper aims to analyze any differences in the adjudication between the sexes, and apply a formal legal certainty perspective on these differences with a particular focus on the principle of objectivity and equality and the requirement for predictability.

The thesis examines both current law and previous research, and also contains an empirical study of administrative law judgments. The paper shows that both the administrative courts and the social welfare committee relate to the principle of objectivity and equality in a relatively satisfactory manner. However, it appears that the social welfare committee is more inclined to account for girls' alcohol use than boys in their assessments of whether there the child has a socially destructive behavior. Furthermore, the administrative courts also seem to deviate to some extent from their otherwise gender-neutral approach to circumstances relating to sexual exploitation and sexual abuse.

Regarding the requirement for predictability, the thesis argues that there is a certain discrepancy between on the one hand the legal text of the prerequisite and its legislative history and precedents, and on the other hand the application of the administrative courts. The empirical study shows that the vagueness of the prerequisite entails a number of ambiguities and ambivalence among the administrative courts, and that it is relatively common for young people to be subjected to compulsory care of for behaviors that are not apparent from the legislative history or precedents. The behaviors and circumstances that has been categorized as socially destructive without support in either the legislative history or precedents are school absence, elopements, mental problems and relationships/sexual behavior/sexual abuse. Furthermore, the study shows that these behaviors and circumstances are more common for girls, which means that there is a greater lack of predictability in cases regarding the Care of Young Persons Act where the young person is a girl.

The conclusion is that the prerequisite some other socially destructive behavior causes some deficiencies from a formal legal certainty perspective, especially with regard to the requirement for predictability. Furthermore, it appears from the thesis that these shortcomings are greater when the young person is a girl. To fix these shortcomings further investigations are needed, to find a suitable way to clarify the prerequisite. Furthermore, it is important in such investigation to examine the gender aspect of the prerequisite, so that girls are better included in the meaning of the law. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Härdig, Johanna LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
An arbitrary assessment? - An analysis of the prerequisite some other socially destructive behavior in section 3 of the Care of Young Persons Act in relation to the child’s sex
course
JURM02 20182
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Socialrätt, LVU, 3 § LVU, något annat socialt nedbrytande beteende, kön, rättssäkerhet, förutsebarhet, likabehandling
language
Swedish
id
8965387
date added to LUP
2019-01-28 11:31:51
date last changed
2019-01-28 11:31:51
@misc{8965387,
  abstract     = {{The last years the number of children subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act (LVU) increased substantially with no clear explanation. A person under 20 years can be subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act if he or she has a socially destructive behavior. The purpose of the prerequisite is to make sure that children who in other ways than through substance abuse or criminal activity deviate from the norms of society can get the care they need. The vagueness of the prerequisite has however led to some problems, which has been noticed in both Swedish Government Official Reports and doctrines. A part of the problem concerns the law’s gender neutrality. There is no difference between girls and boys in the text of the law and its legislative history, which means that prerequisite must be applied in a similar way for both sexes. Despite this, research from the 1990s and 2000s has noticed that the prerequisite is applied in different ways depending on which sex the child has. In the light of this, the aim of this thesis is to analyze the prerequisite some other socially destructive behavior in section 3 of the Care of Young Persons Act in relation to the child’s sex, as it is applied today. Furthermore, the paper aims to analyze any differences in the adjudication between the sexes, and apply a formal legal certainty perspective on these differences with a particular focus on the principle of objectivity and equality and the requirement for predictability.

The thesis examines both current law and previous research, and also contains an empirical study of administrative law judgments. The paper shows that both the administrative courts and the social welfare committee relate to the principle of objectivity and equality in a relatively satisfactory manner. However, it appears that the social welfare committee is more inclined to account for girls' alcohol use than boys in their assessments of whether there the child has a socially destructive behavior. Furthermore, the administrative courts also seem to deviate to some extent from their otherwise gender-neutral approach to circumstances relating to sexual exploitation and sexual abuse.

Regarding the requirement for predictability, the thesis argues that there is a certain discrepancy between on the one hand the legal text of the prerequisite and its legislative history and precedents, and on the other hand the application of the administrative courts. The empirical study shows that the vagueness of the prerequisite entails a number of ambiguities and ambivalence among the administrative courts, and that it is relatively common for young people to be subjected to compulsory care of for behaviors that are not apparent from the legislative history or precedents. The behaviors and circumstances that has been categorized as socially destructive without support in either the legislative history or precedents are school absence, elopements, mental problems and relationships/sexual behavior/sexual abuse. Furthermore, the study shows that these behaviors and circumstances are more common for girls, which means that there is a greater lack of predictability in cases regarding the Care of Young Persons Act where the young person is a girl. 

The conclusion is that the prerequisite some other socially destructive behavior causes some deficiencies from a formal legal certainty perspective, especially with regard to the requirement for predictability. Furthermore, it appears from the thesis that these shortcomings are greater when the young person is a girl. To fix these shortcomings further investigations are needed, to find a suitable way to clarify the prerequisite. Furthermore, it is important in such investigation to examine the gender aspect of the prerequisite, so that girls are better included in the meaning of the law.}},
  author       = {{Härdig, Johanna}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{En (s)könsmässig bedömning? - En analys av rekvisitet något annat socialt nedbrytande beteende i 3 § LVU i förhållande till kön}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}