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Tvingande rapportering och informationsutbyte som verktyg mot aggressiv skatteplanering - Att hjälpa eller stjälpa legitimiteten i skattesystemet?

Nilsson, Johanna LU (2019) JURM02 20191
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Den 25 maj 2018 antogs direktiv (EU) 2018/882 om ändring av direktiv 2011/16/EU vad gäller obligatoriskt automatiskt utbyte av upplysningar i fråga om beskattning (DAC 6). Direktivet är en del av EU:s administrativa samarbete på beskattningsområdet och är till stora delar inspirerat av OECD:s arbete mot skatteplanering, aggressiv skatteplanering och skatteflykt. Enligt direktivet ska medlemsstaterna införa bestämmelser om rapporteringspliktiga gränsöverskridande arrangemang i nationell rätt. I januari 2019 presenterades förslaget till den svenska implementeringen i SOU 2018:91. Utredningen föreslår ett regelverk om tvingande rapportering för både gränsöverskridande och inhemska arrangemang, och går därmed utöver de minimikrav som ställs... (More)
Den 25 maj 2018 antogs direktiv (EU) 2018/882 om ändring av direktiv 2011/16/EU vad gäller obligatoriskt automatiskt utbyte av upplysningar i fråga om beskattning (DAC 6). Direktivet är en del av EU:s administrativa samarbete på beskattningsområdet och är till stora delar inspirerat av OECD:s arbete mot skatteplanering, aggressiv skatteplanering och skatteflykt. Enligt direktivet ska medlemsstaterna införa bestämmelser om rapporteringspliktiga gränsöverskridande arrangemang i nationell rätt. I januari 2019 presenterades förslaget till den svenska implementeringen i SOU 2018:91. Utredningen föreslår ett regelverk om tvingande rapportering för både gränsöverskridande och inhemska arrangemang, och går därmed utöver de minimikrav som ställs upp i direktivet.

Den här uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka den föreslagna implementeringen av DAC 6 i svensk rätt och hur implementeringen förhåller sig till rule of law. Uppsatsen syftar vidare till att utreda hur implementeringen av DAC 6 påverkar det svenska skattesystemets legitimitet. Uppsatsen beskriver inledningsvis informationsförhållandet mellan Skatteverket och skattskyldiga, och fortsätter med en redogörelse för hur förhållandet har påverkats av EU:s administrativa samarbete. Efter det diskuteras den föreslagna implementeringen av DAC 6 tillsammans med reaktioner på förlaget från Skatteverket, näringslivet, universitet och domstolar.

Skatteverket har goda möjligheter att tillgodogöra sig information som är av relevans för deras verksamhet. Skattskyldiga har en långtgående uppgiftsskyldighet som utökas kontinuerligt. Utökningen beror bland annat på hur EU:s administrativa samarbete har påverkat svensk rätt. Enligt rule of law ska lagstiftning beakta principer om legitimitet, förutsebarhet och likhet. En god skattelagstiftning kräver att skattskyldiga i tillräcklig omfattning ska kunna förutse skatterättsliga konsekvenser av deras handlande.

I enlighet med Sveriges EU-rättsliga förpliktelser ska DAC 6 implementeras i svensk rätt. Implementeringen medför att vaga och otydliga bestämmelser förenas med kännbara sanktionsavgifter. Medan utredningen och Skatteverket förespråkar ett regelverk för tvingande rapportering av inhemska arrangemang, anser näringslivet och delar av domstolsväsendet att regelverket är allt för långtgående. I uppsatsen dras slutsatsen att utredningen inte har kunnat motivera de inskränkningar i förutsebarheten som regelverket för inhemska arrangemang innebär. Den framtida lagberedningen står inför flera utmaningar för att förhindra att regelverket inte stjälper legitimiteten i det svenska skattesystemet. (Less)
Abstract
On May 25, 2018, Council Directive (EU) 2018/882 amending Directive 2011/16 / EU as regards mandatory automatic exchange of information in the field of taxation in relation to reportable cross-border arrangements (DAC 6), was adopted. The directive is part of the EU's administrative cooperation in the field of taxation, and is largely inspired by the OECD's work against tax planning, aggressive tax planning and tax evasion. According to the DAC 6, Member States are to introduce regulations for reporting cross-border arrangements in national law. In January 2019, the proposal for the Swedish implementation was presented in SOU 2018: 91. The government inquiry proposes mandatory disclosure rules for both cross-border and domestic... (More)
On May 25, 2018, Council Directive (EU) 2018/882 amending Directive 2011/16 / EU as regards mandatory automatic exchange of information in the field of taxation in relation to reportable cross-border arrangements (DAC 6), was adopted. The directive is part of the EU's administrative cooperation in the field of taxation, and is largely inspired by the OECD's work against tax planning, aggressive tax planning and tax evasion. According to the DAC 6, Member States are to introduce regulations for reporting cross-border arrangements in national law. In January 2019, the proposal for the Swedish implementation was presented in SOU 2018: 91. The government inquiry proposes mandatory disclosure rules for both cross-border and domestic arrangements, and thus goes beyond the minimum requirements set out in the directive.

This paper aims to examine the proposed implementation of DAC 6 in Swedish law and how the implementation relates to the rule of law. The paper further aims to investigate how the implementation of DAC 6 affects the legitimacy of the Swedish tax system. The paper initially describes the relationship concerning information between the Swedish Tax Agency and the Swedish taxpayers, and continues with an account of how the relationship has been affected by the EU's administrative cooperation. After that, the proposed implementation of DAC 6 is discussed along with different reactions to the proposal from the Swedish Tax Agency, the business sector, universities and courts.

The Tax Agency has good opportunities to assimilate information that is relevant to their operation. Taxpayers have a far-reaching duty to information the Tax Agency, and is extended continuously. The increase depends, among other things, on how EU administrative cooperation has affected Swedish law. According to the rule of law, legislation must consider principles of legitimacy, predictability and equality. Good tax legislation requires taxpayers to adequately anticipate the tax consequences of their actions.

In accordance with Sweden's EU legal obligations, DAC 6 must be implemented in Swedish law. The Implementation combines vague and unclear provisions with penalty charges. While the government inquiry and the Swedish Tax Agency advocate mandatory disclosure rules for domestic arrangements, the business sector and parts of the judiciary consider that the regulations are far too far-reaching. This paper concludes that the government inquiry has not justified the limitations in the predictability that the regulations for domestic arrangements entail. The future preparation of the regulations faces several challenges to prevent the mandatory disclosure rules from obstructing the legitimacy of the Swedish tax system. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Nilsson, Johanna LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Mandatory disclosure rules and information exchange as a tool against aggressive tax planning - Strengthening or undermining the legitimacy of the Swedish tax system?
course
JURM02 20191
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
skatterätt, förvaltningsrätt, allmän rättslära, EU-rätt, finansrätt, statsrätt
language
Swedish
id
8976634
date added to LUP
2019-06-17 14:45:38
date last changed
2019-06-17 14:45:38
@misc{8976634,
  abstract     = {{On May 25, 2018, Council Directive (EU) 2018/882 amending Directive 2011/16 / EU as regards mandatory automatic exchange of information in the field of taxation in relation to reportable cross-border arrangements (DAC 6), was adopted. The directive is part of the EU's administrative cooperation in the field of taxation, and is largely inspired by the OECD's work against tax planning, aggressive tax planning and tax evasion. According to the DAC 6, Member States are to introduce regulations for reporting cross-border arrangements in national law. In January 2019, the proposal for the Swedish implementation was presented in SOU 2018: 91. The government inquiry proposes mandatory disclosure rules for both cross-border and domestic arrangements, and thus goes beyond the minimum requirements set out in the directive.

This paper aims to examine the proposed implementation of DAC 6 in Swedish law and how the implementation relates to the rule of law. The paper further aims to investigate how the implementation of DAC 6 affects the legitimacy of the Swedish tax system. The paper initially describes the relationship concerning information between the Swedish Tax Agency and the Swedish taxpayers, and continues with an account of how the relationship has been affected by the EU's administrative cooperation. After that, the proposed implementation of DAC 6 is discussed along with different reactions to the proposal from the Swedish Tax Agency, the business sector, universities and courts.

The Tax Agency has good opportunities to assimilate information that is relevant to their operation. Taxpayers have a far-reaching duty to information the Tax Agency, and is extended continuously. The increase depends, among other things, on how EU administrative cooperation has affected Swedish law. According to the rule of law, legislation must consider principles of legitimacy, predictability and equality. Good tax legislation requires taxpayers to adequately anticipate the tax consequences of their actions.

In accordance with Sweden's EU legal obligations, DAC 6 must be implemented in Swedish law. The Implementation combines vague and unclear provisions with penalty charges. While the government inquiry and the Swedish Tax Agency advocate mandatory disclosure rules for domestic arrangements, the business sector and parts of the judiciary consider that the regulations are far too far-reaching. This paper concludes that the government inquiry has not justified the limitations in the predictability that the regulations for domestic arrangements entail. The future preparation of the regulations faces several challenges to prevent the mandatory disclosure rules from obstructing the legitimacy of the Swedish tax system.}},
  author       = {{Nilsson, Johanna}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Tvingande rapportering och informationsutbyte som verktyg mot aggressiv skatteplanering - Att hjälpa eller stjälpa legitimiteten i skattesystemet?}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}