Folkrättsbrott i Syrien och Irak - En undersökning om lagföring
(2019) LAGF03 20191Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- This paper investigates what alternatives exist for prosecuting the perpetrators who have committed international crimes in the armed conflict in Syria and Iraq since 2011 within the international judicial system. In order to achieve an effective prosecution which at the same time also guarantees important principles of criminal law, this paper will also identify the challenges that exist with these prosecution alternatives.
The investigation shows that the International Criminal Court can establish jurisdiction over the situation if Syria and Iraq make a declaration under article 12(3) of the Rome Statute or if the UN Security Council refers the situation under their mandate in Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The court may also establish... (More) - This paper investigates what alternatives exist for prosecuting the perpetrators who have committed international crimes in the armed conflict in Syria and Iraq since 2011 within the international judicial system. In order to achieve an effective prosecution which at the same time also guarantees important principles of criminal law, this paper will also identify the challenges that exist with these prosecution alternatives.
The investigation shows that the International Criminal Court can establish jurisdiction over the situation if Syria and Iraq make a declaration under article 12(3) of the Rome Statute or if the UN Security Council refers the situation under their mandate in Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The court may also establish jurisdiction over individuals who are nationals of one of the states that have ratified the statute based on active personality. Cases are however only admissible to the International Criminal Court if the principle of complementarity and the gravity threshold are fulfilled.
The UN Security Council can also act under Chapter VII of the UN Charter and establish an ad hoc tribunal, if they find that the situation is a threat to international peace and security. Furthermore, the UN has the mandate to enter into a bilateral agreement with a state and thus establish a mixed court. There is also the alternative to prosecute perpetrators nationally, either in the region based on the principle of territoriality or active personality, or in other states based on the universality principle or active personality.
Although it can be stated that many alternatives to prosecute perpetrators exist, they all have various challenges. However, all prosecution alternatives do not face the same challenges to achieve an effective prosecution. This calls for prosecutions to take place through several alternatives in order to achieve efficiency at the same time as important principles of criminal law are considered. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka alternativ som finns för att lagföra de förövare som begått folkrättsbrott i den väpnade konflikten i Syrien och Irak som pågått sedan 2011 inom ramen för den internationella rättsordningen. För att uppnå en effektiv lagföring som samtidigt garanterar viktiga straffrättsliga principer, kommer uppsatsen också identifiera de utmaningar som finns med dessa lagföringsalternativ.
Undersökningen visar att den Internationella brottmålsdomstolen kan etablera jurisdiktion över situationen om Syrien och Irak gör en deklaration enligt artikel 12(3) i Romstadgan eller om FN:s säkerhetsråd hänvisar situationen genom deras mandat i kapitel VII i FN-stadgan. Domstolen kan också etablera jurisdiktion över... (More) - Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka alternativ som finns för att lagföra de förövare som begått folkrättsbrott i den väpnade konflikten i Syrien och Irak som pågått sedan 2011 inom ramen för den internationella rättsordningen. För att uppnå en effektiv lagföring som samtidigt garanterar viktiga straffrättsliga principer, kommer uppsatsen också identifiera de utmaningar som finns med dessa lagföringsalternativ.
Undersökningen visar att den Internationella brottmålsdomstolen kan etablera jurisdiktion över situationen om Syrien och Irak gör en deklaration enligt artikel 12(3) i Romstadgan eller om FN:s säkerhetsråd hänvisar situationen genom deras mandat i kapitel VII i FN-stadgan. Domstolen kan också etablera jurisdiktion över individer som är medborgare i en av de stater som ratificerat Romstadgan baserat på principen om aktiv personalitet. Komplementaritetsprincipen och att situationen når upp till ett visst allvar måste emellertid uppfyllas för att en specifik sak ska vara aktuell för den Internationella brottmålsdomstolen.
FN:s säkerhetsråd kan också agera genom kapitel VII i FN-stadgan för att inrätta en ad hoc-tribunal om de finner att situationen utgör ett hot mot internationell fred och säkerhet. Vidare har FN mandat att ingå ett bilateralt avtal med en stat och upprätta en blandad domstol. Förövarna kan också lagföras nationellt, antingen i regionen baserat på territorialitetsprincipen eller principen om aktiv personalitet eller i andra stater som kan etablera jurisdiktion baserat på universalitetsprincipen eller aktiv personalitet.
Även om det kan konstateras att många alternativ för att lagföra förövarna finns, kan flera utmaningar med dessa identifieras. Alla lagföringsalternativ står emellertid inte inför samma utmaningar för att åstadkomma en effektiv lagföring. Det påkallar att lagföring sker genom flera alternativ för att uppnå effektivitet samtidigt som viktiga straffrättsliga principer uppfylls. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8977257
- author
- Hedenskog, Hedda LU
- supervisor
-
- Karol Nowak LU
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20191
- year
- 2019
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Folkrätt, internationell straffrätt
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 8977257
- date added to LUP
- 2019-09-16 13:56:11
- date last changed
- 2019-09-16 13:56:11
@misc{8977257,
abstract = {{This paper investigates what alternatives exist for prosecuting the perpetrators who have committed international crimes in the armed conflict in Syria and Iraq since 2011 within the international judicial system. In order to achieve an effective prosecution which at the same time also guarantees important principles of criminal law, this paper will also identify the challenges that exist with these prosecution alternatives.
The investigation shows that the International Criminal Court can establish jurisdiction over the situation if Syria and Iraq make a declaration under article 12(3) of the Rome Statute or if the UN Security Council refers the situation under their mandate in Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The court may also establish jurisdiction over individuals who are nationals of one of the states that have ratified the statute based on active personality. Cases are however only admissible to the International Criminal Court if the principle of complementarity and the gravity threshold are fulfilled.
The UN Security Council can also act under Chapter VII of the UN Charter and establish an ad hoc tribunal, if they find that the situation is a threat to international peace and security. Furthermore, the UN has the mandate to enter into a bilateral agreement with a state and thus establish a mixed court. There is also the alternative to prosecute perpetrators nationally, either in the region based on the principle of territoriality or active personality, or in other states based on the universality principle or active personality.
Although it can be stated that many alternatives to prosecute perpetrators exist, they all have various challenges. However, all prosecution alternatives do not face the same challenges to achieve an effective prosecution. This calls for prosecutions to take place through several alternatives in order to achieve efficiency at the same time as important principles of criminal law are considered.}},
author = {{Hedenskog, Hedda}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Folkrättsbrott i Syrien och Irak - En undersökning om lagföring}},
year = {{2019}},
}