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Oaktsamhet i förhållande till ålder vid sexualbrott mot barn - Hur ska nya 6 kap 13 § BrB förstås?

Akbarian, Azar LU (2019) LAGF03 20191
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Acquittals in cases of child sexual abuse have repeatedly been criticized in the social debate. Not least when it comes to perpetrators not being considered having reason to assume that a child was under age, although the child being as young as 11-12 years old. The critique has been legitimate when regarding the problems before the change of the statutory regulation on July 1st, 2018. The efficiency had lessened as a result of a narrow interpretation of the wording. Body development was crucial in case law which led to inconsistent ruling and inadequate protection. The legislators have tried to rectify the problems with a new amendment and elaborate explanatory statements.

This paper examines how the amendment, almost a year after... (More)
Acquittals in cases of child sexual abuse have repeatedly been criticized in the social debate. Not least when it comes to perpetrators not being considered having reason to assume that a child was under age, although the child being as young as 11-12 years old. The critique has been legitimate when regarding the problems before the change of the statutory regulation on July 1st, 2018. The efficiency had lessened as a result of a narrow interpretation of the wording. Body development was crucial in case law which led to inconsistent ruling and inadequate protection. The legislators have tried to rectify the problems with a new amendment and elaborate explanatory statements.

This paper examines how the amendment, almost a year after its’ implementation, shall be interpreted. The essays case law analysis shows the results of uniform application an broadened negligence. Even though the regulation is not supposed to be interpreted as a duty to control age, it has that tendency. Body development is not considered the same way as before and the assessment of evidence has become more uniform.

The new amendment is reasonable considering how the ruling was before. Although the law does not guarantee the change being permanent. The amendment itself is not extensive. Children who look like they are a couple of years older that they are, are continuously exempted from being protected, which tends to affect children of certain gender and ethnicities. Total neglection of body development is key for obtaining a reasonable legislation. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Friande domar i mål om sexualbrott mot barn har upprepade gånger kritiserats i samhällsdebatten. Inte minst i förhållande till att gärningsmän inte ansetts ha haft skälig anledning att anta att målsäganden varit underårig, trots så låga åldrar som 11–12 år. Kritiken har varit befogad sett till de problem som tillämpningen av 6 kap. 13 § brottsbalken innan ändringen den 1 juli 2018 omgavs av. Effektiviteten hade försämrats på grund av en snäv tolkning av lagregelns ordalydelse. Barns kroppsutveckling var central för bedömningarna vilket ledde till en oenhetlig rättstillämpning samt ett bristfälligt skydd. Lagstiftarna har med ett oaktsamhetsrekvisit och detaljerade lagmotiv försökt åtgärda problemen.

I denna uppsats utreds hur... (More)
Friande domar i mål om sexualbrott mot barn har upprepade gånger kritiserats i samhällsdebatten. Inte minst i förhållande till att gärningsmän inte ansetts ha haft skälig anledning att anta att målsäganden varit underårig, trots så låga åldrar som 11–12 år. Kritiken har varit befogad sett till de problem som tillämpningen av 6 kap. 13 § brottsbalken innan ändringen den 1 juli 2018 omgavs av. Effektiviteten hade försämrats på grund av en snäv tolkning av lagregelns ordalydelse. Barns kroppsutveckling var central för bedömningarna vilket ledde till en oenhetlig rättstillämpning samt ett bristfälligt skydd. Lagstiftarna har med ett oaktsamhetsrekvisit och detaljerade lagmotiv försökt åtgärda problemen.

I denna uppsats utreds hur lagändringen, nästan ett år efter dess införande, ska tolkas. Uppsatsens praxisanalys visar att det nya oaktsamhetsrekvisitet i förhållande till sexualbrott mot barn, har fått genomslag i tillämpningen som ett skärpt aktsamhetskrav som täcker omedveten oaktsamhet. Även om regeln inte avses innefatta en kontrollplikt så är det skärpta aktsamhetskravet en riktning mot det. Barns kroppsutveckling beaktas inte på samma sätt som innan och bevisvärderingen har blivit mer enhetlig.

Den nya lagregeln är rimlig i förhållande till hur den gamla versionen tillämpades. Dock finns i lagstiftningen inga garantier för att förändringarna kommer att bestå. Så som lagregeln är formulerad saknas en utförlig reglering. Barn som ser ut att klart ha passerat åldersgränsen är enligt lagmotiven fortsatt undantagna från skyddet, vilket slår mot barn av visst kön och vissa etniciteter. För en rimlig lagstiftning krävs ett fullständigt avsteg från kroppsutveckling som relevant omständighet. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Akbarian, Azar LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20191
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, barnrätt, oaktsamhet, culpa, kontrollplikt, kroppsutveckling, sexualbrott, 6 kap 13 § BrB, samtyckeslagen, omedveten oaktsamhet, skälig anledning att anta
language
Swedish
id
8977345
date added to LUP
2019-09-16 13:49:55
date last changed
2019-09-16 13:49:55
@misc{8977345,
  abstract     = {{Acquittals in cases of child sexual abuse have repeatedly been criticized in the social debate. Not least when it comes to perpetrators not being considered having reason to assume that a child was under age, although the child being as young as 11-12 years old. The critique has been legitimate when regarding the problems before the change of the statutory regulation on July 1st, 2018. The efficiency had lessened as a result of a narrow interpretation of the wording. Body development was crucial in case law which led to inconsistent ruling and inadequate protection. The legislators have tried to rectify the problems with a new amendment and elaborate explanatory statements. 

This paper examines how the amendment, almost a year after its’ implementation, shall be interpreted. The essays case law analysis shows the results of uniform application an broadened negligence. Even though the regulation is not supposed to be interpreted as a duty to control age, it has that tendency. Body development is not considered the same way as before and the assessment of evidence has become more uniform.

The new amendment is reasonable considering how the ruling was before. Although the law does not guarantee the change being permanent. The amendment itself is not extensive. Children who look like they are a couple of years older that they are, are continuously exempted from being protected, which tends to affect children of certain gender and ethnicities. Total neglection of body development is key for obtaining a reasonable legislation.}},
  author       = {{Akbarian, Azar}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Oaktsamhet i förhållande till ålder vid sexualbrott mot barn - Hur ska nya 6 kap 13 § BrB förstås?}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}