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Brottsoffer, inte nationellt säkerhetshot - Utvisningshot och tillgång till rättsskipning för kvinnor utsatta för människohandel

Sjunnesson, Melinda LU (2019) JURM02 20191
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Human trafficking for sexual purposes is a crime that mainly affects women coming from other countries. The women are brought to Sweden and forced to sell sexual services while under threat and hard control of their perpetrators. Fighting men's violence against women has for many years been an important goal for the Swedish government. Sweden has signed the Istanbul Convention, which recognizes gender-specific violence as a structural problem, and stipulates that the victims' perspective must permeate the State Parties work against the violence. Women who have been subjected to human trafficking have the right to access to justice through the basic conventions of the EU, the UN and the Council of Europe. This means these women should in... (More)
Human trafficking for sexual purposes is a crime that mainly affects women coming from other countries. The women are brought to Sweden and forced to sell sexual services while under threat and hard control of their perpetrators. Fighting men's violence against women has for many years been an important goal for the Swedish government. Sweden has signed the Istanbul Convention, which recognizes gender-specific violence as a structural problem, and stipulates that the victims' perspective must permeate the State Parties work against the violence. Women who have been subjected to human trafficking have the right to access to justice through the basic conventions of the EU, the UN and the Council of Europe. This means these women should in practice be able to report the crime, and then get the help and support they need to be able to return to a normal life.

Authorities and organizations that work with women who have been exposed to human trafficking testify that few women dare to report the crime to the police. The reason is that when a police report is made, an internal migration control is made if the police suspect that the woman doesn’t have a residence permit in Sweden. The control risks leading to the woman being placed in refugee detention and then deported. Because of the risks associated with the crime, such as threats, stigma, and repeated human trafficking, many women do not want or dare to report the crime of fear of having to return to their country of origin.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate how a reduced threat of expulsion can lead to increased access to justice for women who have been subjected to trafficking for sexual purposes. One of the instruments that could prevent expulsion is firewalls. Firewalls is a principle that means that migration control should not be carried out by authorities that also fulfil human rights. The goal of firewalls is that women should be able to report trafficking to the police without risking expulsion. Another way of reducing the risk of expulsion is that the woman receives a temporary residence permit. In Sweden, it is possible to obtain such a permit for a reflection period and during crime investigation. However, the regulation has been criticized for missing a crime victim's perspective and not being used in practice. The essay puts the interest in expelling people who are not entitled to reside in the country, against the interest in fulfilling human rights. Based on the postcolonial feminist theory, the essay analyzes the paradoxes of the legislation which lead to strategies on combating men's violence against women excluding the perspective of a woman without residence permit. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Människohandel för sexuella ändamål är ett brott som främst drabbar kvinnor som kommer från andra länder. Kvinnorna blir förda till Sverige och tvingade att sälja sexuella handlingar samtidigt som de står under hot och hård kontroll av sina förövare. Att bekämpa mäns våld mot kvinnor har under flera år varit ett viktigt mål för den svenska regeringen. Sverige har undertecknat Istanbulkonventionen som erkänner det könsspecifika våldet som ett strukturellt problem, och föreskriver att brottsoffrens perspektiv måste genomsyra konventionsstaternas arbete mot våldet. Kvinnor som blivit utsatta för människohandel har i de grundläggande konventionerna från EU, FN och Europarådet rätt till tillgång till rättskipning. Detta innebär att kvinnorna i... (More)
Människohandel för sexuella ändamål är ett brott som främst drabbar kvinnor som kommer från andra länder. Kvinnorna blir förda till Sverige och tvingade att sälja sexuella handlingar samtidigt som de står under hot och hård kontroll av sina förövare. Att bekämpa mäns våld mot kvinnor har under flera år varit ett viktigt mål för den svenska regeringen. Sverige har undertecknat Istanbulkonventionen som erkänner det könsspecifika våldet som ett strukturellt problem, och föreskriver att brottsoffrens perspektiv måste genomsyra konventionsstaternas arbete mot våldet. Kvinnor som blivit utsatta för människohandel har i de grundläggande konventionerna från EU, FN och Europarådet rätt till tillgång till rättskipning. Detta innebär att kvinnorna i praktiken ska kunna anmäla brottet och sedan få den hjälp och stöd de behöver för att kunna få ett normalt liv.

Myndigheter och organisationer som arbetar med kvinnor som blivit utsatta för människohandel vittnar om att få kvinnor på egen hand vågar anmäla brottet hos polisen. Anledningen är att vid en polisanmälan görs en inre utlänningskontroll om polisen misstänker att kvinnan inte har uppehållstillstånd i Sverige, detta riskerar att leda till att kvinnan sätts i flyktingförvar och sedan av- eller utvisas. På grund av risker som är kopplade till brottet, såsom hot, stigmatisering och upprepad utsatthet för människohandel, vill eller vågar många kvinnor inte anmäla brottet av rädsla att behöva återvända till ursprungslandet.

Den här uppsatsen har som syfte att undersöka hur ett minskat utvisningshot kan leda till ökad tillgång till rättskipning för kvinnor som blivit utsatta för människohandel för sexuella ändamål. Ett av instrumenten som kan hindra utvisning är brandväggar. Brandväggar är en princip som innebär att utlänningskontroller inte ska utföras av myndigheter som ska tillgodose mänskliga rättigheter. Målet med brandväggar är att kvinnorna ska kunna anmäla människohandel till polisen utan att riskera utvisning i samband med anmälan. Ett annat sätt att minska utvisningshotet är att kvinnan får ett tidsbegränsat uppehållstillstånd. I Sverige finns möjlighet att få ett sådant tillstånd för betänketid och under förundersökning. Regleringen har dock fått kritik för att sakna ett brottsofferperspektiv och inte användas i praktiken. Uppsatsen ställer intresset av att utvisa personer som inte har rätt att vistas i landet mot intresset av att tillgodose mänskliga rättigheter. Utifrån en postkolonial feministisk teori analyseras de paradoxer i lagstiftningen som leder till att strategier om bekämpandet av mäns våld mot kvinnor inte omfattar en papperslös kvinnas perspektiv. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Sjunnesson, Melinda LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Crime victim, not a threat to national security - The threat of expulsion and access to justice for women subjected to human trafficking for sexual reasons
course
JURM02 20191
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, förvaltningsrätt, brandväggar, firewalls, människohandel, inre utlänningskontroll, access to justice, tillgång till rättskipning, effektivt rättsmedel, betänketid, reflektionsperiod
language
Swedish
id
8977573
date added to LUP
2019-06-17 14:48:52
date last changed
2019-06-17 14:48:52
@misc{8977573,
  abstract     = {{Human trafficking for sexual purposes is a crime that mainly affects women coming from other countries. The women are brought to Sweden and forced to sell sexual services while under threat and hard control of their perpetrators. Fighting men's violence against women has for many years been an important goal for the Swedish government. Sweden has signed the Istanbul Convention, which recognizes gender-specific violence as a structural problem, and stipulates that the victims' perspective must permeate the State Parties work against the violence. Women who have been subjected to human trafficking have the right to access to justice through the basic conventions of the EU, the UN and the Council of Europe. This means these women should in practice be able to report the crime, and then get the help and support they need to be able to return to a normal life.

Authorities and organizations that work with women who have been exposed to human trafficking testify that few women dare to report the crime to the police. The reason is that when a police report is made, an internal migration control is made if the police suspect that the woman doesn’t have a residence permit in Sweden. The control risks leading to the woman being placed in refugee detention and then deported. Because of the risks associated with the crime, such as threats, stigma, and repeated human trafficking, many women do not want or dare to report the crime of fear of having to return to their country of origin.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate how a reduced threat of expulsion can lead to increased access to justice for women who have been subjected to trafficking for sexual purposes. One of the instruments that could prevent expulsion is firewalls. Firewalls is a principle that means that migration control should not be carried out by authorities that also fulfil human rights. The goal of firewalls is that women should be able to report trafficking to the police without risking expulsion. Another way of reducing the risk of expulsion is that the woman receives a temporary residence permit. In Sweden, it is possible to obtain such a permit for a reflection period and during crime investigation. However, the regulation has been criticized for missing a crime victim's perspective and not being used in practice. The essay puts the interest in expelling people who are not entitled to reside in the country, against the interest in fulfilling human rights. Based on the postcolonial feminist theory, the essay analyzes the paradoxes of the legislation which lead to strategies on combating men's violence against women excluding the perspective of a woman without residence permit.}},
  author       = {{Sjunnesson, Melinda}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Brottsoffer, inte nationellt säkerhetshot - Utvisningshot och tillgång till rättsskipning för kvinnor utsatta för människohandel}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}