Kriminalisering av deltagande i en terroristorganisation - Skydd för demokratin eller urholkande av den?
(2019) LAGF03 20192Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Hotet från terrorism har under 2000-talet ökat. Den 7 april 2017 blev ökningen ännu mer markant, då ett terrordåd inträffade i Stockholm. Strax efter denna händelse tillsatte regeringen en utredning för att utreda om ytterligare lagstiftning på området än den redan relativt omfattande regleringen som fanns behövdes. Utredaren kom man fram till att kriminalisering av deltagande i en terroristorganisation bör införas. Utredaren kom även fram till att en sådan lag skulle vara förenlig med den grundlagsstadgade föreningsfriheten. Lagrådet kom emellertid fram till det motsatta: att en sådan lag hade utgjort en begränsning av föreningsfriheten och därmed stridit mot grundlagen. Ett deltagandebrott har därför ännu inte införts.
Syftet med... (More) - Hotet från terrorism har under 2000-talet ökat. Den 7 april 2017 blev ökningen ännu mer markant, då ett terrordåd inträffade i Stockholm. Strax efter denna händelse tillsatte regeringen en utredning för att utreda om ytterligare lagstiftning på området än den redan relativt omfattande regleringen som fanns behövdes. Utredaren kom man fram till att kriminalisering av deltagande i en terroristorganisation bör införas. Utredaren kom även fram till att en sådan lag skulle vara förenlig med den grundlagsstadgade föreningsfriheten. Lagrådet kom emellertid fram till det motsatta: att en sådan lag hade utgjort en begränsning av föreningsfriheten och därmed stridit mot grundlagen. Ett deltagandebrott har därför ännu inte införts.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om föreningsfriheten är förenlig med lagförslaget om kriminalisering av deltagande i en terroristorganisation som regeringen la fram den 28 februari 2019. Om ett deltagandebrott inte kan anses vara förenligt med föreningsfriheten, undersöks om ett deltagandebrott bör vara en tillåten begränsning av föreningsfriheten och i så fall föranleda en grundlagsändring.
För att nå fram till en slutsats har svenska författningar, förarbeten, rättsfall och juridisk doktrin undersökts. En kort utblick har även gjorts över utländsk rätt och Europeiska konventionen för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna, EKMR. Paralleller dras till hur man rättsligen hanterar andra antidemokratiska föreningar än terroristorganisationer i Sverige respektive utomlands för att försöka hitta en lösning på det rättsliga problemet.
Slutsatsen blir att kriminalisering av deltagande i en terroristorganisation utgör en begränsning av föreningsfriheten enligt hur den är formulerad idag. Grundlagen bör ändras eftersom hotet från terroristorganisationer ser helt annorlunda ut idag och för att de främsta syftena med föreningsfriheten är att skydda den fria åsiktsbildningen och arbetarrörelsen, vilket inte hade påverkats av ett deltagandebrott. Föreningsfriheten har en extra stark ställning i Sverige som gör att dess motstående intressen bortses från. Vidare finns i många andra länder, som också är demokratiska stater och på många sätt liknar Sverige, deltagandebrott eller möjligheter till upplösning av antidemokratiska föreningar. Detta talar också för att ett deltagandebrott bör införas i Sverige. (Less) - Abstract
- The threat from terrorism has during the 21st century increased. When an act of terror occurred in Stockholm on the 7th of April 2017, the threat got even more apparent. Terrorism legislation has for a long time been a well-regulated area in Swedish law, however soon after this incident the Swedish government assigned an investigation to see if further legislation in the area was required. In the investigation, it was concluded that criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization should be established. The investigators also concluded that such a law would be compatible with the constitutional right to freedom of association. The constitutional council however concluded the opposite: that such a law would constitute a... (More)
- The threat from terrorism has during the 21st century increased. When an act of terror occurred in Stockholm on the 7th of April 2017, the threat got even more apparent. Terrorism legislation has for a long time been a well-regulated area in Swedish law, however soon after this incident the Swedish government assigned an investigation to see if further legislation in the area was required. In the investigation, it was concluded that criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization should be established. The investigators also concluded that such a law would be compatible with the constitutional right to freedom of association. The constitutional council however concluded the opposite: that such a law would constitute a limitation of the right to freedom of association and therefore be in conflict with the constitution. A criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization has therefore not yet been adopted.
The purpose of this essay is to investigate whether criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization could be compatible with the constitutional right to freedom of association. If not, it is examined if such a criminalization should be a permissible limitation of the right to freedom of association and therefore give rise to a change in the constitution. If so it is also examined why.
To reach a conclusion Swedish law, legislative history, cases and legal literature is examined. An outlook is made over foreign law and the European Convention on Human Rights, ECHR. Parallels are drawn between how you legally handle anti-democratic associations other than terrorist organizations in Sweden and abroad to try and find a solution to the legal problem.
The conclusion is that criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization constitutes a limitation of the right to freedom of association according to how it is formulated today. However, the constitution should be changed so that such a criminalization is a permissible limitation of the right to freedom of association. The arguments in favor of this are that today´s society and the threats against it are completely different from the ones that existed when the right to freedom of association was introduced in the constitution. The main purpose with this right is to protect the free opinion formation and the labor movement, which does not conflict with the criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization. Furthermore, the right to freedom of association has a particularly strong position in Sweden which makes its opposing interests overlooked. The explanations for this particularly strong position are also examined. In several countries that in many ways are similar to Sweden legal possibilities exist to dissolve violent or anti-democratic associations, which also supports the fact that such a legislation should be possible in Sweden.
The conclusion is that criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization constitutes a limitation of the right to freedom of association according to how it is formulated today. However, the constitution should be changed so that such a criminalization is a permissible limitation of the right to freedom of association. The arguments in favor of this are that today´s society and the threats against it are completely different from the ones that existed when the right to freedom of association was introduced in the constitution. The main purpose with this right is to protect the free opinion formation and the labor movement, which does not conflict with the criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization. Furthermore, the right to freedom of association has a particularly strong position in Sweden which makes its opposing interests overlooked. The explanations for this particularly strong position are also examined. In several countries that in many ways are similar to Sweden legal possibilities exist to dissolve violent or anti-democratic associations, which also supports the fact that such a legislation should be possible in Sweden. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8999942
- author
- Erlinge, Hanna LU
- supervisor
-
- Karol Nowak LU
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20192
- year
- 2019
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Statsrätt, konstitutionell rätt, föreningsfrihet, friheter, rättigheter, terrorism, terroristorganisation, förening
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 8999942
- date added to LUP
- 2020-04-06 11:32:32
- date last changed
- 2020-04-06 11:32:32
@misc{8999942,
abstract = {{The threat from terrorism has during the 21st century increased. When an act of terror occurred in Stockholm on the 7th of April 2017, the threat got even more apparent. Terrorism legislation has for a long time been a well-regulated area in Swedish law, however soon after this incident the Swedish government assigned an investigation to see if further legislation in the area was required. In the investigation, it was concluded that criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization should be established. The investigators also concluded that such a law would be compatible with the constitutional right to freedom of association. The constitutional council however concluded the opposite: that such a law would constitute a limitation of the right to freedom of association and therefore be in conflict with the constitution. A criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization has therefore not yet been adopted.
The purpose of this essay is to investigate whether criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization could be compatible with the constitutional right to freedom of association. If not, it is examined if such a criminalization should be a permissible limitation of the right to freedom of association and therefore give rise to a change in the constitution. If so it is also examined why.
To reach a conclusion Swedish law, legislative history, cases and legal literature is examined. An outlook is made over foreign law and the European Convention on Human Rights, ECHR. Parallels are drawn between how you legally handle anti-democratic associations other than terrorist organizations in Sweden and abroad to try and find a solution to the legal problem.
The conclusion is that criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization constitutes a limitation of the right to freedom of association according to how it is formulated today. However, the constitution should be changed so that such a criminalization is a permissible limitation of the right to freedom of association. The arguments in favor of this are that today´s society and the threats against it are completely different from the ones that existed when the right to freedom of association was introduced in the constitution. The main purpose with this right is to protect the free opinion formation and the labor movement, which does not conflict with the criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization. Furthermore, the right to freedom of association has a particularly strong position in Sweden which makes its opposing interests overlooked. The explanations for this particularly strong position are also examined. In several countries that in many ways are similar to Sweden legal possibilities exist to dissolve violent or anti-democratic associations, which also supports the fact that such a legislation should be possible in Sweden.
The conclusion is that criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization constitutes a limitation of the right to freedom of association according to how it is formulated today. However, the constitution should be changed so that such a criminalization is a permissible limitation of the right to freedom of association. The arguments in favor of this are that today´s society and the threats against it are completely different from the ones that existed when the right to freedom of association was introduced in the constitution. The main purpose with this right is to protect the free opinion formation and the labor movement, which does not conflict with the criminalization of participation in a terrorist organization. Furthermore, the right to freedom of association has a particularly strong position in Sweden which makes its opposing interests overlooked. The explanations for this particularly strong position are also examined. In several countries that in many ways are similar to Sweden legal possibilities exist to dissolve violent or anti-democratic associations, which also supports the fact that such a legislation should be possible in Sweden.}},
author = {{Erlinge, Hanna}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Kriminalisering av deltagande i en terroristorganisation - Skydd för demokratin eller urholkande av den?}},
year = {{2019}},
}