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LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Särskilda skäl - om undantaget i det förstärkta laglottsskyddet

Svensson, Christian LU (2019) JURM02 20192
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Den legala arvsordningen ska garantera att en bröstarvinge får del av föräldrarnas egendom när de dör. I Sverige ska den del en bröstarvinge är garanterad vara hälften av kvarlåtenskapen delat med antalet bröstarvingar. Denna del kallas laglott. Detta innebär en begränsning av en förälders rätt att testamentera bort egendom. Endast hälften av en förälders egendom kan fritt fördelas utanför den legala arvsordningen. För att en arvlåtare inte ska kunna komma runt reglerna om laglott finns också en bestämmelse som säger att gåvor under livstiden, som till syftet är att jämställa med testamente, ska rättsligt sett behandlas som om det vore testamente. Den som får en gåva, eller får egendom genom testamente, ska återbära detta så att... (More)
Den legala arvsordningen ska garantera att en bröstarvinge får del av föräldrarnas egendom när de dör. I Sverige ska den del en bröstarvinge är garanterad vara hälften av kvarlåtenskapen delat med antalet bröstarvingar. Denna del kallas laglott. Detta innebär en begränsning av en förälders rätt att testamentera bort egendom. Endast hälften av en förälders egendom kan fritt fördelas utanför den legala arvsordningen. För att en arvlåtare inte ska kunna komma runt reglerna om laglott finns också en bestämmelse som säger att gåvor under livstiden, som till syftet är att jämställa med testamente, ska rättsligt sett behandlas som om det vore testamente. Den som får en gåva, eller får egendom genom testamente, ska återbära detta så att bröstarvingarnas laglott säkras. När det gäller gåva för dödsfalls skull så finns det emellertid ett undantag, en sådan gåva kan gåvotagaren få behålla om det finns särskilda skäl. Lagstiftaren har i huvudsak lämnat åt rättsskipningen att bestämma vad som i det enskilda fallet ska vara sådana särskilda skäl.

En gåva för dödsfalls skull regleras i ärvdabalken kapitel 7 § 4. Huvudregeln säger att en gåva för dödsfallsskull ska återbäras, men denna uppsats tar sikte på undantagsregeln. När föreligger det särskilda skäl mot att tillämpa bestämmelsens huvudregel? För att besvara frågan har lagförarbeten granskats, men huvudsakligen avgörs det av domstolarna och huvuddelen av undersökningen handlar därför om rättspraxis. I lagmotiven nämns egentligen endast ett exempel; en gåva ska inte återbäras om detta innebär alltför stor hårdhet mot gåvomottagaren. I rättspraxis har det emellertid kommit att tillämpas i lite olika situationer, exempelvis kan en arvlåtare vilja kompensera någon för arbete. En annan förkommande situation är när en arvlåtare vill kompensera en bröstarvinge för en orättvisa som tidigare gåvor till en annan bröstarvinge givit upphov till. Situationer när det inte ansetts föreligga särskilda skäl har handlat om en gåva mellan makar, där gåvomottagaren anses vara den som egendomen ursprungligen härrört från. Praxis förefaller också vara restriktiv med undantagsregeln när en bröstarvinge har betett sig illa mot arvlåtaren. Vidare verkar det inte spela in om det saknas social eller ekonomisk samhörighet mellan bröstarvingen och arvlåtaren.

I övrigt finns det inte så mycket vägledning att hämta i varken i förarbeten eller praxis. I stor utsträckning är det upp till domstolen att i det enskilda fallet försöka hitta den lösning som utifrån det allmänna rättsmedvetandet framstår som mest skälig. (Less)
Abstract
The right of inheritance is supposed to ensure that an offspring receives part of the parents' property when they die. In Sweden, the part that an offspring to the deceased is guaranteed is half of the estate divided by the number of siblings. This part is the reserved portion (portio legitima). This means that a parent's right to bequeath property is limited. Only half of a parent's property can be freely distributed outside the circuit of offsprings. In order to prevent a parent from elude the judicial regulation, there is also a provision which says that a donation before the demise, where the intention is to arrange the distribution of property after death (donatio mortus causa), should be legally treated as if it was arranged in a... (More)
The right of inheritance is supposed to ensure that an offspring receives part of the parents' property when they die. In Sweden, the part that an offspring to the deceased is guaranteed is half of the estate divided by the number of siblings. This part is the reserved portion (portio legitima). This means that a parent's right to bequeath property is limited. Only half of a parent's property can be freely distributed outside the circuit of offsprings. In order to prevent a parent from elude the judicial regulation, there is also a provision which says that a donation before the demise, where the intention is to arrange the distribution of property after death (donatio mortus causa), should be legally treated as if it was arranged in a will. Anyone who receives a donation, or gets property through a will, must return this to the extent that the portio legitima is secured. When it comes to donatio mortus causa, however, there is an exception. A gift given under these circumstances can be valid if there are special reasons. The legislature has essentially given the judicial assessment in this respect to the courts, to decide in the individual case what these special reasons should be.

A donatio mortus causa is regulated in Ärvdabalken chapter 7 § 4. The principal rule is that a donatio mortus causa should be refunded, but the focus of this essay is the application of the exception. Under what circumstances can it be said that special reasons for not applying the general rule exists? In order to answer this question, legislative history has been examined. However, since this is mainly decided by the courts, most of the investigation is a study of case-law. In the preparatory materials, only one example is mentioned when the exception should be applicable; a gift should not be refunded if this means excessive harshness to the gift recipient. In the courts, however, it has come to apply in slightly different situations. For example, when someone has been compensated for labor. Another example is when the parent wants to compensate an offspring for an injustice that previous gifts to another offspring have caused. Situations where the exception were found not to be applicable have been about a gift between spouses, where the gift recipient is considered to be the one from whom the property was originally derived. The courts also appears to be restrictive with the exception when an offspring has behaved in a way towards the parent that have resulted in feelings of resentment. Furthermore, it does not seem to matter if there is a lack of social or economic relationship between the parent and the offspring.

Otherwise, there is not much guidance in neither the legislative history nor in case law. To a large extent, it is up to the court to try to find, in the individual case, the solution that appears most reasonable based on some general sense of equity. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Svensson, Christian LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Special reasons - About the exception in the reinforced statuory share of inheritance
course
JURM02 20192
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
civilrätt, familjerätt, arvsrätt
language
Swedish
id
9000354
date added to LUP
2020-02-01 14:23:46
date last changed
2020-02-01 14:23:46
@misc{9000354,
  abstract     = {{The right of inheritance is supposed to ensure that an offspring receives part of the parents' property when they die. In Sweden, the part that an offspring to the deceased is guaranteed is half of the estate divided by the number of siblings. This part is the reserved portion (portio legitima). This means that a parent's right to bequeath property is limited. Only half of a parent's property can be freely distributed outside the circuit of offsprings. In order to prevent a parent from elude the judicial regulation, there is also a provision which says that a donation before the demise, where the intention is to arrange the distribution of property after death (donatio mortus causa), should be legally treated as if it was arranged in a will. Anyone who receives a donation, or gets property through a will, must return this to the extent that the portio legitima is secured. When it comes to donatio mortus causa, however, there is an exception. A gift given under these circumstances can be valid if there are special reasons. The legislature has essentially given the judicial assessment in this respect to the courts, to decide in the individual case what these special reasons should be.

A donatio mortus causa is regulated in Ärvdabalken chapter 7 § 4. The principal rule is that a donatio mortus causa should be refunded, but the focus of this essay is the application of the exception. Under what circumstances can it be said that special reasons for not applying the general rule exists? In order to answer this question, legislative history has been examined. However, since this is mainly decided by the courts, most of the investigation is a study of case-law. In the preparatory materials, only one example is mentioned when the exception should be applicable; a gift should not be refunded if this means excessive harshness to the gift recipient. In the courts, however, it has come to apply in slightly different situations. For example, when someone has been compensated for labor. Another example is when the parent wants to compensate an offspring for an injustice that previous gifts to another offspring have caused. Situations where the exception were found not to be applicable have been about a gift between spouses, where the gift recipient is considered to be the one from whom the property was originally derived. The courts also appears to be restrictive with the exception when an offspring has behaved in a way towards the parent that have resulted in feelings of resentment. Furthermore, it does not seem to matter if there is a lack of social or economic relationship between the parent and the offspring.

Otherwise, there is not much guidance in neither the legislative history nor in case law. To a large extent, it is up to the court to try to find, in the individual case, the solution that appears most reasonable based on some general sense of equity.}},
  author       = {{Svensson, Christian}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Särskilda skäl - om undantaget i det förstärkta laglottsskyddet}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}